NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
NURSING AS A PROFESSION 3. Nursing is concerned with services that
take humans into account as physiological,
WHAT IS A PROFESSION? psychological, and sociological organisms
4. Nursing is committed to:
• A career requiring advanced training and • Promoting individual, family,
usually involving mental health rather than community, and national health goals
manual work in its best manner possible\
• Personalized services for all persons
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSION
without regards to color, creed, social
1. Education and training or economic status
2. Regulating body • Involvement in ethical, legal, and
3. Code of ethics political issues in the delivery of health
4. Professional organization care
5. Publication and representation
NOTE
6. Research and application
7. Autonomy Medicine is curing, while nursing is caring
WHAT IS NURSING? A nurse should NOT be a jack of all trades
According to WHO (World Health Organization) Prevention is washing of the hands whereas
promotion is vaccination or vaccine
• The promotion of health, prevention of
illnesses, and the care of ill, disabled, WHAT IS A PROFESSIONAL NURSE?
and the dying people
• Health worker identified by law as a
According to ICN (International Council of registered nurse, whether graduated from
Nurses) bachelor or diploma degree
• Nursing encompasses autonomous and • Does NOT include assistant nurse
collaborative care of individuals of all
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD REGISTERED
ages, families, groups, and communities,
NURSE
sick or well and in all settings
According to ANA American Nurses 1. Up to date knowledge of general and
Association) specific nature
2. Being clean, tidy, and well-groomed
• The protection, promotion, and 3. Physically matured and emotionally
optimization of health and abilities intelligent
4. Have self confidence
WHO IS A NURSE? 5. Punctual
6. Form a data base on information collected
• A person who has completed a program of about the client
basic nursing education 7. Have communication skills
• Authorized by an appropriate authority by 8. Honest
practice nursing 9. Has the ability to teach
• BOARD EXAM PASSER = Profession 10. Have critical thinking skills
Nurse (RN / registered nurse)
5 LEVELS OF PROFICIENCY
CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING
1. Nursing is caring A beginning nurse
2. Nursing involves close personal contact NOVICE student
with the recipient of care
YSABELLA ANGELES 1
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
ANA STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL
With no previous level PERFORMANCE
of experience
• Competent level of behavior in a
Stepwise and linear professional nursing role
HISTORY OF NURSING
Able to identify
ADVANCED meaningful aspects or Hippocrates
BEGINNER principles of nursing
• The “father of medicine”
care
• Helped lay the groundwork for nursing and
medicine
• Denounced the idea of mystical influence
Same clinical position
for 2 to 3 years EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA
COMPETENT Able to anticipate
nursing care and DEACONS AND Designated to perform
establish long-term DEACONESS services for the sick
goals
PHOEBE Most noted deaconess
More than 2 to 3 years in nursing history
in the same clinical
position
Established the first
PROFICIENT Perceives patient’s general hospital in
clinical situation as a FABIOLA Rome
whole
380 AD
Focuses on managing
care
Intuitive grasp on MIDDLE AGES
existing or potential
clinical problem
EXPERT POVERTY Critical problem (due
Can focus on multiple to poor hygiene)
dimensions of a
situation
Leprosy
EPIDEMICS Typhus
Bubonic Plague
ANA CODE OF ETHICS (1953)
• States the ethical standard of the Established “military
profession health nursing”
• Philosophical ideas of right and wrong CRUSADERS
Recruitment of men in
ANA STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL
nursing
NURSING PRACTICE
• The duties all RNs are expected to perform
YSABELLA ANGELES 2
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
RENAISSANCE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
For further HARRIETT TUBMAN The “moses of her
advancement of the people”
nursing profession
The revival of learning SOJOURNER TRUTH A women’s right
NEED FOR SOUND spurred the advocate
EDUCATION advancement of
medicine
Established the
Lack of effective DOROTHEA DIX nurse’s corps of the
sanitation and US army
increasing poverty
WORLD WAR II
REFORMATION
• Acute shortage of caregivers
• Cadet Nurse Corps (1943)
Primary source of
healthcare VISIONARY NURSING LEADERS
RELIGIOUS ORDERS (resulted in
deterioration of
hospital conditions) Founder of the
CLARA BARTON “American Red
Cross”
WOMEN Were viewed as
subordinates to men
1st USA trained nurse
LINDA RICHARDS Initiated the practice of
CRIMEAN WAR wearing uniforms
Environmental health LILLIAN WALD Founder of “public
theory health nursing”
The “founder of
FLORENCE modern nursing” MARY ADELAIDE First nursing professor
NIGHTINGALE NUTTING in Columbia teacher’s
Established the first college
nursing philosophy
based on health
maintenance and MARY MAHONEY 1st African-American
restoration professional nurse
ESTHER LUCILLE Wrote that nursing
BROWN education belonged in
YSABELLA ANGELES 3
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
colleges and • Emphasizes on community health,
universities leadership, and management
• Nursing courses and clinical experience
NURSING EDUCATION
ADVANCED NURSING EDUCATION
Lysaught report OPPORTUNITIES
• Helped clarify the role of professional Master’s degree
nursing practice
• Prepares nurses for advanced,
National Communications on Nursing and independent practice
Nursing Education • Emphasis on research
• Addressed several issues, such as: Doctoral
o Supply and demand for nurses
o Clarification of roles and cuntions • Should have finished master’s degree first
o Education • Advanced preparation for clinical research
o Available career opportunities is a major component
EVOLUTION OF NURSING EDUCATION PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES
Practical / Vocational
AUTONOMY
• 1 year program Initiation of
• Prepares nurses to perform technical skills independent nursing
under the provision of RN interventions without
• Difference from RN in two (2) areas: medical orders
o Educational preparation AUTONOMY AND
o Scope of practice ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY
Responsible
Diploma Nursing Program
professionally and
• First type of education preparation for RNs legally for the type and
• Usually takes up to 3 years quality of nursing care
• Can work as beginning practitioner in provided
acute, intermediate, long-term, and
ambulatory
• Must demonstrate competency in nursing Help patients maintain
process and regain health,
manage disease and
Associate degree CAREGIVER symptoms, and attain
a maximal level of
• Initially developed in response to nursing function and
shortage independence through
• Attend junior college for 2 years the healing process
• College credit for all courses and clinical
experiences
• Prepare technical nurses who are capable Protect your patient’s
of functioning as quality practitioners under human and legal rights
the supervision of professional nurses and provide
ADVOCATE assistance in asserting
Baccalaureate degree these rights if the need
• Full college or university education
YSABELLA ANGELES 4
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
arises, acting on need for community-based health
behalf of your patients promotion activities
ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSES
EDUCATOR Explain concepts and
facts about health, • Most independently functioning nurse
describe reason for • Advanced education in pathophysiology,
routine care activities, pharmacology, and physical assessment
demonstrate and certification in expertise in a
procedures such as specialized area of practice
self-care activities,
Clinical nurse specialist expert
reinforce learning or
patient behavior, and • Clinician in a specialized area of practice
evaluate the patient’s
progress in learning Nurse practitioner
• Provides healthcare to a group of patients,
Effectiveness as usually in an outpatient, ambulatory acre,
COMMUNCATOR communicator is or community-based setting
central to the nurse-
Certified nurse midwife
patient relationship
• Educated in midwifery and is certified by
the American College of Nurse-Midwives
Coordinates the
activities of members Certified registered nurse anesthetist
of the nursing staff in
delivering nursing care • Advanced education form a nurse
MANAGER and has personnel, anesthesia accredited program
policy, and budgetary
NURSE EDUCATOR
responsibility for a
specific nursing unit or
• Primarily in schools of nursing, staff
agency
development departments of health care
agencies, and patient education
departments or need experience in clinical
settings
CAREER DEVELOPMENT
NURSE ADMINISTRATOR
• Majority of nurses practice in hospital
settings followed by community-based • Manages patient care and the delivery of
care, ambulatory care, and nursing homes specific nursing services within a
/ extended care settings healthcare agency
• Nursing provides an opportunity for you to • Begins with positions such as clinical care
commit to lifelong learning and career coordinators
development
• Needs to be skilled in business and
• Career path is limitless management and understand all asp[ects
of nursing and patient care
PROVIDER OF CARE
NURSE RESEARCHER
• Provide direct patient care in an acute care
setting • Conducts evidence-based practice and
• Increase in direct care activities provided research to improve nursing care and
in the home care setting and an increased
YSABELLA ANGELES 5
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
further define and expand the scope of alternatives, assessing
nursing practice resources
ROLES OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE
Plans, gives
MANAGER directions, develops
staff, monitors
operations, gives
CARE PROVIDER Support through rewards fairly
attitudes and actions
Represents both staff
members and
COMMUNICATION / administration
HELPER
Performance
evaluation
TEACHER Health teaching to
behavior change
RESEARCHER Participates in
scientific investigation
Recognize and cope
with stressful
psychologic emotions
COUNSELOR FIELDS OF NURSING
Provide:
Emotional, intellectual Institutional nursing
psychologic support
• Stays for at least 3 years
• Provides nursing services to persons who
Promotes what’s best need continuous nursing services but do
not require hospital care
CLIENT ADVOCATE Protects client’s rights
Public health nursing
Needs are met • Community profiling
• Demographic feedback
• Emphasis on promotion of health
Interpersonal influence
Occupational health nursing
Helps in decision
LEADER making • Service to workers
Establish and achieve Private duty nursing
goals • Comprehensive nurse care to a client on a
1:1 ratio
• Independent contractor
Initiate changes:
-- Identify problem Nursing educator
CHANGE AGENT -- Assess client’s
motivations • Teach prospective nursing professionals
-- Capacities for clinical skills, patient care methods, and
changes, determining best collaboration practices
YSABELLA ANGELES 6
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
Military nurse JUNE 1912
• Undergoes rigid screening • Quintana Beley
• Serves the country by providing medical o General care of medical cases
care to other service members in the • Veneranda Sulit
military o OR and surgical terchnique
School health nursing
• Candida Goco
• Responsible for school health programs o Children’s disease
Clinic nursing SEPTEMBER 1917
• Receptionist for health keeping • Ms. Hicks left for US
• There were 22 student nurses and 5 filipina
Independent nursing
head nurses at St. Luke’s Hospital
• Self-employed
1918-1921
• Provides professional nursing services
• Perform both independent and • Deaconess Charlotte Massey became
collaborative roles the school’s superintendent
HISTORY OF TCQC-SLCN 1922
1903
• Ms. Feliza Davis became the school’s
• St. Luke’s Hospital opened its doors for superintendent
service as a small dispensary
1923
1907
• Ms. Lilian Weiser became the school’s
superintendent
• The School of Nursing opened at the
same time St. Luke’s Hospital known then • Training was shortened to 3 years
as University Hospital
1928
• Ms. Ellen T. Hicks was the superintendent
• First three (3) graduates of SLCN: • Mrs. Vitaliana G. Beltran was given a full-
o Quintana Beley time teaching job, and was later assigned
o Veneranda Sulit to assist in the management of the School
o Candida Goco of Nursing, a position she held until 1941.
• Nurse’s dormitory → Calle Magdalena • Later appointed Superintendent of
Tondo Nurses when Mrs. Weiser resigned
1911 IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER
• The first graduates of St. Luke’s Hospital • 1907 – St. Luke’s Hospital, then called
of Nursing had their commencement University Hospital, opened training school
exercises at the Columbia Club in Ermita for nurses
Manila • 1911 – graduation of 1st batch of nurses
• The first graduates were sent to US and • December 1941 – WWII broke out and
took a post graduate course in the schools were closed
protestant episcopal hospital in
• 1943 – schools were resumed after the
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This was
Japanese doctors and nurses took over
made possible by their benefactor Mrs.
• 1945 – Japanese left the country; Filipino
Elizabeth Whitelaw Reid.
staff continue to work
YSABELLA ANGELES 7
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice | PROF. Rulloda | BS Nursing 2nd SEM 2022-2023
• 1946 – graduation of the post-war class
• 1954 – incorporation of the St. Luke’s
Hospital School of Nursing. It began to
have separate board of trustees and
operated its own budget. It was during the
year when Mrs. Ester A. Santos, principal
of the school, at that time proposed that the
school look into the possibility of offering a
BSN program for its nurses.
• 1956 – BSN proposal was shelved by the
board of trustees because of requirements
for a collegiate program
• 1963 – purchase of Capitol City College by
the episcopal church thru Prime Bishop
Ret. Rev. Lyman C. Ogilby. It was
renamed Trinity College of Quezon City.
• 1965 – the 1st class was admitted taking
courses under the BSN program of TCC-
SLCN
• 1970 – 1st class under a 5-year curriculum
• 1975 – school was granted a special
permission to offer a 2-year program.
Graduates later took a 3-year diploma
program, took licensure examination and
became registered nurses.
• 1975 – accredited by the Philippine
Accrediting Association for Schools ,
Colleges, and Universities
• 1984 – new curriculum with RLE
implemented
• 1988 – 1st graduates of the new BSN
curriculum with RLE
HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARLIEST HOSPITALS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Hospital Real de Manila (1577)
2. San Lazaro Hospital (1578)
3. Hospital de Indios (1586)
4. Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590)
5. San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596)
FIRST HOSPITALS WITH SCHOOLS OF
NURSING
1. Iloilo School of Nursing (1906)
2. St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing
(1907)
3. PGH School of Nursing (1907)
4. St. Luke’s Hospital (1907)
5. Mary Johnston Hospital and School of
Nursing (1907)
YSABELLA ANGELES 8
