KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ.

,yq;if fzf;fl
P L
; j; njhopDl;gtpayhsu; fofk;
kl;lk; I guPli
; r – 2020 A+iy
(103) nghUspay; 26-09-2020
(Economics) gpw;gfy;
[2.00 – 5.00]
• guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;
s; (jaTnra;J ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;):
(1) Neuk;: 03 kzpj;jpahyk; gf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if : 06
(2) vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if : 06
(3) cq;fSf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;s tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; ePqf ; s; tpzz ; g;gpj;j mNj xU nkhopapNyNa
tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(4) rfy nra;KiwfisAk; fzpg;GfisAk; rku;gg ; pf;fTk;. ePqf
; s; Nkw;nfhz;l vLNfhs;fs;
VjhtJ ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iwj; njspthff; Fwpg;gplTk;.
(5) epuw;gLj;jg;glhj fzpg;ghd;fspd; ghtid khj;jpuk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(6) tiuGj; jhs; toq;fg;gLk;.
(7) tiutpyf;fzq;fSld;$ba nray; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay ay; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. OTQs jtpu;ej ;
Vida xt;nthU tpdhTk; xU tpidr;nrhy;iyf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. guPlr ; hu;jj
; pfs; nray;
tpidr;nrhy; gl;baypy; jug;gl;l tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(8) 100 Gs;spfs;.

gFjp A
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 01

,y. 1.1 ,ypUe;J 1.10 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F kpfr; rupahd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f. njupT
nra;j tpilapd; ,yf;fj;jpid ckJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; tpdhTf;Fupa ,yf;fj;Jld; vOJf.

1.1 mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzk;>

(1) tUkhd mjpfupg;Gld; Efu;T mjpfupg;gJ

(2) nghUshjhu tsq;fs; khw;wg;gl Kbahjitfshf ,Ug;gJ
(3) nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F tsq;fs; KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jg;
glhky; ,Ug;gJ

(4) rfy tpUg;gq;fisAk; epiwTnra;a tsq;fs; NghJkhdjhf ,y;yhjpUg;gJ

1.2 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikf;fhd xU ntFkjpahf (reward for

entrepreneurship) miktJ vJ?

(1) $ypfs; (2) tl;b (3) ,yhgk; (4) thlif

1.3 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; murhq;fj;jhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; %yjdr; nrytpdk; xd;wpw;fhd Xu;
cjhuzkhf miktJ vJ?

(1) fld;fs; kPjhd tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfs; (2) kPzL

; tUk; (recurrent) khw;wy;fs;
(3) cz;ikahd nrhj;Jf;fspd; nfhs;tdT (4) khdpaq;fspd; Vw;ghL

1.4 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; cw;gj;jpr; rhj;jpa tisapapd; Xu; vLNfhshf (assumption) miktJ vJ?

(1) njhopDl;gtpaypy; khw;wq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(2) ,uz;L nghUl;fs; khj;jpuNk cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
(3) fpilf;ff;$ba rfy tsq;fSk; epiyahdit my;y.
(4) tsq;fs; G+uzkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.

1.5 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; epiw Nghl;bapd; xU gz;ghf (characteristics) mikahjJ vJ?

(1) Xupdg; nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp

(2) jilaw;w gpuNtrKk; ntspNaWifAk;

(3) tpw;gidahsu; khj;jpuNk nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPuk

; hdpj;jy;

(4) re;ijapy; ngupa mstpyhd thq;Feu;fSk; tpw;gidahsu;fSk; fhzg;gLjy;

1.6 cq;fSf;F epWtdnkhd;wpd; xU khjj;jpw;fhd gpd;tUk; fpuaj; jfty;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd:

&gh
Neu; fpuaq;fs; 180,000
Neupy; fpuaq;fs; 45,000

epWtdkhdJ khj;jpd;NghJ 2,500 myFfis cw;gj;jp nra;J tpw;gid nra;jJld;

mynfhd;wpw;fhd tpw;gid tpiy &gh 100/- MFk;.

Nkw;gb jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> khjj;jpw;fhd nghUshjhu ,yhgkhf (economic profit)

miktJ :

(1) &gh 70,000/-. (2) &gh 25,000/-. (3) &gh 205,000/-. (4) &gh 225,000/-.

1.7 xU ehL kw;iwa ehLfis tpl xU nghUis my;yJ Nritia mNj fpuaj;jpy; mjpf
mstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;af;$bajhf my;yJ Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; mNj mstpid cw;gj;jp
nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;Fkhapd; mJ vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

(1) KO eak; (2) tu;j;jf epYit

(3) xg;gl
P L
; eak; (4) ghJfhg;Gthjk;

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1.8 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdJ ehzaf; nfhs;ifapd; xU juuPjpahd
fUtpahf (qualitative instrument) ,Ug;gJ vJ?

(1) tq;fp tPjk;

(2) gfpuq;f re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs;
(3) xJf;f tPjk;
(4) fld;fSf;fhd xU cau;ej
; gl;r Kjpu;Tf; fhyg;gFjpia mikj;jy;

1.9 FWfpa gz epuk;gypd; njhif> tu;jj

; f tq;fpfspy; nghJkf;fshy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; fhy
kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gfs; Mfpad vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpd;wd?

(1) jpul;ba tpupe;j gz epuk;gy; (2) tpupe;j gz epuk;gy;

(3) tpupe;j gzg; ngUf;fp (4) kpfTk; tpupe;j gz epuk;gy;

1.10 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nrd;kjp epYitf; fzf;fpd; eilKiwf; fzf;fpDs; cs;slf;fg;glhjJ

vJ?

(1) ntspehl;L Neub KjyPL

(2) nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; Vw;Wkjp
(3) nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; ,wf;Fkjp
(4) Kjd;ik tUkhdk;

,y. 1.11 njhlf;fk; 1.12 tiuahd tpdhf;fspYs;s ,ilntspfis epug;Gtjw;Fr; rupahd nrhy; /
nrhw;fis milg;Gf;Fs;spUe;J njupTnra;f. njupTnra;ag;gl;l nrhy; / nrhw;fis mjw;Fupa
tpdh ,yf;fj;Jld; ckJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJf.

1.11 …………………… (ruhrupf; fpuak; / vy;iyf; fpuak;) vd;gJ jug;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; xU myF
ntspaPlb
; w;fhd fpuaj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

1.12 cs;sL
P fspd; tpfpjhrhu mjpfupg;igtpl ntspaPlb
; d; tpfpjhrhu mjpfupg;G ……………………
(cau;thf / jho;thf) ,Uf;Fk;NghJ msTj;jpl;l tpisT mjpfupf;Fk;.

fPNo 1.13 njhlf;fk; 1.15 tiuapy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;Wk; rupahdjh my;yJ jtwhdjh
vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. ckJ tpilia cupa tpdh ,yf;fj;Jld; tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; (rupahdJ /
jtwhdJ) Fwpg;gpLf.

1.13 re;ijr; rkepiyapy; xU kpifahd Nfs;tp (excess demand) fhzg;gLfpwJ.

1.14 vy;iyg; gad; (marginal utility) vd;gJ jug;gl;lnjhU fhyg;gFjpapy; nghUspd; Nkyjpf
mynfhd;iw Efu;tjd; %yk; xU egu; milfpd;w Nkyjpf jpUg;jp MFk;.

1.15 Nfs;tp tpjpapd;gb (law of demand) nghUs; xd;wpd; tpiyf;Fk; Nfs;tpf; fzpaj;jpw;Fk;
,ilapy; xU Neu;j; njhlu;G (positive relationship) fhzg;gLfpwJ.
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1.16 njhlf;fk; 1.20 tiuAs;s tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis cq;fsJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpNy cupa
tpdh ,yf;fj;jpw;F vjpNu vOJf.
1.16 nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1.17 Fiwe;Jnry;Yk; vy;iy tpisT tpjp vd;gjhw; fUjg;gLtJ ahnjdr; RUf;fkhf tpgupf;Ff.
1.18 jdpAupikapd; (monopoly) ,uz;L (02) gz;Gfisf; (characteristics) Fwpg;gpLf.
1.19 Njrpa tUkhdf; fzf;Ffspd; ,uz;L (02) tiuaiwfisf; (limitations) Fwpg;gpLf.
1.20 ,uz;L (02) Ngupdg; nghUshjhu Nehf;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(02 Gs;sp tPjk;, nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp A KbT
gFjp B
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 02
(a) xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; xU cjhuzk; je;J nghUshjhug; nghUl;fis nghUshjhukw;w
nghUl;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jf. (03 Gs;spfs;)
(b) jpl;lkplg;gl;l nghUshjhu Kiwikapd; ehd;F (04) gz;Gfis (characteristics) epuw;gLj;Jf.
(04 Gs;spfs;)

(c) nghUspaypy; re;ju;gg

; r; nryT vz;zf;fUit cjhuznkhd;Wld; tpgupf;Ff. (03 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 03
(a) nghUs; A apw;fhd Nfs;tp (Qd) kw;Wk; epuk;gy; (Qs) rkd;ghLfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd :

ܳ݀ = 180 − 4‫݌‬
ܳ‫ = ݏ‬−20 + 6‫݌‬
Nkw;gb jfty;fisg; gad;gLj;jp>

(i) rkepiy tpiy kw;Wk; fzpaj;ijf; fzpf;Ff. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) Efu;Nthu; kpifiaf; fzpf;Ff. (02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) Nfs;tpapd; tpiy nefpo;rr; piaj; jPuk

; hdpf;fpd;w ,uz;L (02) fhuzpfis ,dq;fhz;f.
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(c) re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; murhq;fk; jiyaPL nra;Ak; ,uz;L (02) topfis tpgupf;Ff.
(03 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 04
(a) (i) gzj;jpd; ,uz;L (02) gz;Gfisf; (characteristics) Fwpg;gpLf. (02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) ,yj;jpudpay; gzj;ijg; (electronic money) gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,uz;L (02)

fhuzq;fis epuw;gLj;Jf. (02 Gs;spfs;)

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(b) ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ,uz;L (02) njhopw;ghLfisf; (functions) Fwpg;gpLf.
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(c) gzj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tpf;fhd ,uz;L (02) Nehf;fq;fis (motives) tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 05

(a) epiwNghl;bkpf;f epWtdq;fs; FWq;fhy Xl;lj;jpy; vt;thW ,yhgj;ij cr;rg;gLj;Jfpd;wd

vd;gij tiunghd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)

(b) COVID-19 ru;tNjr Neha;g; guty; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

gpd;tpisTfs; (consequences) %d;wpid (03) tpgupf;Ff. (06 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp B KbT
gFjp C
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 06
(A) (a) ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; mD$yq;fs; ehd;fpidf; (04) Fwpg;gpLf. (04 Gs;spfs;)

(b) epiyahd gupkhw;W tPjj;jpw;Fk; nefpo;rr

; pahd (kpjf;Fk;) gupkhw;W tPjj;jpw;Fk;
,ilapyhd NtWghl;il tpgupf;Ff. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(B) Njrpa tUkhdf; fzf;Ffisj; jahupg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fk; %d;W (03)

fhuzq;fis epuw;gLj;Jf. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(C) nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; xU tUl fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njrpa fzf;FfSld; njhlu;Gila

gpd;tUk; mDkhdj; juTfs; cq;fSf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sd :
&gh kpy;ypad;
jdpahu; Efu;Tr; nrytpdk; 2,000
murhq;f Efu;Tr; nrytpdk; 1,500
nkhj;j cs;ehl;L %yjd cUthf;fk; 1,200
Vw;Wkjpfs; 1,800
,wf;Fkjpfs; 1,250
ntspehl;bypUe;jhd epfuf; fhuzp tUkhdk;
(epfu ntspehl;L Kjd;ik tUkhdk;)
– 800

ePqf
; s; nra;a Ntz;bait :

nrytpd mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fzpf;Ff :

(a) nkhj;j cs;ehl;Lr; nrytpdk; (GDE) – re;ij tpiyapy; (04 Gs;spfs;)

(b) nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP) – re;ij tpiyapy; (03 Gs;spfs;)

(c) nkhj;jj; Njrpa tUkhdk; (GNI) – re;ij tpiyapy; (03 Gs;spfs;)

(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp C KbT
5|Page
 nray; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;
Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;
tiuf (Draw) tiuglk; my;yJ tupg;glnkhd;iwr; rku;g;gpj;jy;
ju;ff; uPjpahf my;yJ fhuzuPjpahf
tplaq;fisAk; njhlu;GgLj;Jf (Relate) njhlu;Gfisj; jhgpj;jy;
mwpT (1) mbg;gil jpl;ltl;lkhf my;yJ njspthf tpguq;fis
$Wf/
$Wf Fwpg;gpLf(State)
pLf ntspg;gLj;jy;
vz;zf;
milahsq;fhz;f / fUj;jpw;nfhz;l gpd;du; Vw;gpirT nra;jy;>
fUf;fisAk; ,dq;fhz;f (Identify) jhgpj;jy; my;yJ njupTnra;jy;
Qhgfg;gLj;jy; njhlu;Ggl;l cUg;gbfis xd;wd;fo
P ; xd;whf
epuw;gLj;Jf / gl;baypLf (List) vOJjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

mwpT my;yJ #o;epiy mDgtj;ijg;
Vw;gpirT nra;f (Recognize) gad;gLj;jp nry;Ygbj;jd;ikia my;yJ mjd;
,ayhikiaf; fhl;Ljy;
Nahridfs;
nghUs; tpsf;Ff / tpsq;ff;$ba my;yJ gupr;rakhd gjq;fspy;
kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;$Wf(Interpret)
Wf njspTgLj;jy;
Kw;wlf;fk; (2) jfty;fis
tpsf;Ff (Describe) gpujhd mk;rq;fis vOJjYk; njhlu;ghLjYk;
tpgupj;jYk;
cupa tplaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp njspthd
njspTgLj;jYk; tpgupf;Ff (Explain) tptuzj;ij tpgukhfj; njuptpj;jy;
nghUs; tiuaiw nra;f / rupahd jd;ik> Nehf;F my;yJ nghUisj;
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf(Define)
f jUjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

fzf;fpzf;fk; nra;f / Ntnwhd;Wld; xj;jpUg;gij / nghUe;jpapUg;gij
,zf;fk;1nra;f(Reconcile) xg;Gtpj;jy;

tiuf (Graph) tiuGfs; %yk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;

ngWkjp> jd;ik> ,aYik my;yJ juj;jpidj;
Gjpa kjpg;gpLf (Assess) jPuk
; hdpj;jy;
#o;epiyfspy; fzpg;gLP fs; my;yJ tpsf;fq;fs; Clhf jPu;itf;
gpuNahfk; (3) jPuf
; F
; f (Solve) fz;Lgpbj;jy;
mwpitg;
Fwpj;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf cupa Kiwapy;
gad;gLj;jYk; jahupf;Ff (Prepare) jahu;gLj;jy;
gpd;gw;wYk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tptupf;Ff cjhuzq;fSld; epWTjy; my;yJ
(Demonstrate) ntspf;fhl;ly;
fzpf;Ff / fzpg;gpLf fzpjuPjpahd fzpg;gl
P L
; ld; fz;lwpjy; my;yJ
(Calculate) fzpj;jy;
gpuNahfpf;Ff (Apply) eilKiwg; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;LtUjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

njhlu;ghLf(Communicate)
hLf jfty;fisg; gfpu;jy; my;yJ gupkhWjy;

RUf;fkhff1Fwpg;
khff Fwpg;gpLf(Outline)
pLf Kf;fpa mk;rq;fspd; njhFg;gpidj; jUjy;
NahridfSf;
NtWgLj;Jf (Contrast) NtWghLfisf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
fpilapyhd
gFg;gha;T (4) njhlu;Gfis xg;gpLf (Compare) xw;Wikfis mwptjw;fhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
vOJjYk; fye;jha;T nra;f / Muha;f
tpthjpg;Gfs; %yk; tpgukhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
gpurpdq;fisj; (Discuss)
jPu;jj
; Yk; tpj;jpahrg;gLj;Jf / tifapLf rpytw;iw NtWgLj;Jfpd;w tpj;jpahrq;fisf;
(Differentiate) fhl;Ljy;
jPu;tpid my;yJ Ngwpid fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf
gFg;gha;T nra;f (Analyze) tpgukhf Ma;Tnra;jy;

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