1.Explain the fundamental difference between qualitative and quantitative research!
Qualitative and quantitative research have different goals and ways of working. Qualitative
research focuses more on understanding the meanings, experiences, and processes that occur in
human life. This research does not use numbers, but more words, interviews, and observations.
Qualitative researchers usually go directly to the field and become part of the data collection
process, while Quantitative research focuses more on measurement and numbers. Researchers use
tools such as questionnaires or tests to collect data which is then analyzed statistically. The goal is
to test hypotheses and look for relationships between variables.
2.Explain the definition of research according to experts and what is the difference between the
scientific method and research!
According to experts, research is a process that is carried out systematically to find answers or
solutions to a problem. For example, according to Hillway, research is a method of critical and in-
depth study of a problem. Meanwhile, according to Whitney, research is a method to find the truth,
which is also called the critical thinking method.
The difference between the scientific method and research is in the purpose. The scientific method
is a logical and systematic way of thinking to understand a phenomenon or problem. This can be
done without field data. Meanwhile, research is the application of the scientific method that is done
directly, for example by collecting data, analyzing, and then concluding.
3.What is a problem statement and how do I structure it well?
A problem formulation is a question that is made for the focus of our research. The purpose is so
that we know what we want to find or solve in our research. With the formulation of the problem,
the research becomes more focused and does not widen anywhere.How to formulate a good
problem formulation is:
1. First determine the topic and problem you want to research.
2. Use clear and specific questions, usually using questions like “what”, “why”, or “how”.
3. Make sure the problem can be researched and has benefits for science.
4. You can also use the 5W + 1H method (what, why, who, where, when, how) to make it easier to
create the question.
4.List and explain the important components of a research background!
There are several important components in creating a research background, namely:
1. Context or overview of the problem: Describe in general terms the topic or problem to be
researched, so that the reader understands the situation.
2. Literature review: Provide a summary of previous research related to the topic, and point out
what is missing or not yet covered.
3. Why this research is important (justification): Provide data, facts, or logical reasons why this
research needs to be done. It can be statistics, recent phenomena, or field experience.
4. The main problem to be solved: Explain the core problem to be addressed in the research,
including the negative impact if the problem is not solved.
5.What are the aims and benefits of research in English Literature?
The purpose of English Literature research is to gain a deeper understanding of the content of
literary works, such as analyzing the themes, language styles, and historical background of a work.
Research can also aim to discover new meanings or different perspectives of a literary text.
The benefits are many, both for ourselves and others. For researchers, we become more critical,
creative, and trained in analyzing. We also learn how to do research properly. For society, it helps
preserve literature, enrich education, and increase cultural understanding. Economically, research
can open up job opportunities in academic, publishing, or cultural fields such as museums and
archives.
6. “Why are operational definitions important in English literature research?”
Operational definitions are important in English literature research because they help us explain
abstract concepts in a clearer and measurable way. For example, if we want to research “love” in a
novel, we have to first explain what “love” means and how we can measure it, for example through
the number of romantic words or interactions between characters.
