International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)

Vol. 99, No. 1, Month 2099, pp. 1~1x

ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v99i1.paperID  1

Paper’s title should be the fewest possible words that accurately

describe the content of the paper (Center, Bold, 16pt)

Masitah Shahrill1, Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro2,3, Azlina Mohd Kosnin4 (10 pt)
1
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam (8 pt)
2
Department of Educational Research and Evaluation, Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3
Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Islam Religion, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia

Article Info ABSTRACT (10 PT)

Article history: An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to
stand alone. A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic
Received mm dd, yyyy content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to
Revised mm dd, yyyy their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its
Accepted mm dd, yyyy entirety. The abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory,
provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution,
and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100
Keywords: to 200 words in length. References should be avoided, but if essential, then
cite the author(s) and year(s). Standard nomenclature should be used, and
First keyword non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential
Second keyword they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. No literature
Third keyword should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add 5 to 7
Fourth keyword keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those
Fifth keyword already present in the title (9 pt).
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Azlina Mohd Kosnin
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Sultan Ibrahim Chancellery Building, Jalan Iman, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Email: p-azlina@utm.my

1. INTRODUCTION (10 PT)

The main text format consists of a flat left-right columns on A4 paper (quarto). The margin text
from the left and top are 2.5 cm, right and bottom are 2 cm. The manuscript is written in Microsoft Word,
single space, Time New Roman 10 pt, and maximum 12 pages for original research article, or maximum 16
pages for review/survey paper, which can be downloaded at the website: http://ijere.iaescore.com.
The title of an article should consist of the fewest possible words that accurately describe the content
of the paper. The title should be succinct and informative and no more than about 12 words in length. Do not
use acronyms or abbreviations in your title and do not mention the method you used, unless your paper
reports on the development of a new method. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid
writing long formulas with subscripts in the title. Omit all waste words such as "A study of ...",
"Investigations of ...", "Implementation of ...”, "Observations on ...", "Effect of.....", “Analysis of …”, “Design
of…”, etc.
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of
the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the
article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then
cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if
essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Immediately after the abstract,

Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com

2  ISSN: 2252-8822

provide a maximum of 7 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and
multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly
established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Indexing and abstracting services depend on the accuracy of the title, extracting from it keywords
useful in cross-referencing and computer searching. An improperly titled paper may never reach the audience
for which it was intended, so be specific.
The Introduction section should provide: i) a clear background, ii) a clear statement of the problem,
iii) the relevant literature on the subject, iv) the proposed approach or solution, and v) the new value of
research which is innovation (within 3-6 paragraphs). It should be understandable to colleagues from a broad
range of scientific disciplines. Organization and citation of the bibliography are made in Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style in sign [1], [2] and so on. The terms in foreign languages are written
italic (italic). The text should be divided into sections, each with a separate heading and numbered
consecutively [3]. The section or subsection headings should be typed on a separate line, e.g., 1.
INTRODUCTION. A full article usually follows a standard structure: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. THE
COMPREHENSIVE THEORETICAL BASIS AND/OR THE PROPOSED METHOD/ALGORITHM
(optional), 3. METHOD, 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, and 5. CONCLUSION. The structure is
well-known as IMRaD style.
Literature review that has been done author used in the section "INTRODUCTION" to explain
the difference of the manuscript with other papers, that it is innovative, it are used in the section "METHOD" to
describe the step of research and used in the section "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION" to support the analysis of
the results [2]. If the manuscript was written really have high originality, which proposed a new method or
algorithm, the additional section after the "INTRODUCTION" section and before the "METHOD" section can
be added to explain briefly the theory and/or the proposed method/algorithm [4].

2. METHOD (10 PT)

Explaining the research chronologically, including the research design, research procedures (in the
form of algorithms, Pseudocode, or other), how to test, and data acquisition [5]–[7]. The description of the
course of research should be supported references, so the explanation can be accepted scientifically [3], [4]
Figures 1-2 and Table 1 are presented center, as shown below and cited in the manuscript [5], [8]–[13].
Figure 2(a) shown math representation ability students and Figure 2(b) reasoning ability students.

Figure 1. Cognitive process dimension

Table 1. Internal consistency reliability of biology test

SN Indicator Value
1 Number of Item 60
2 Kuder Richardson (KR-20) 0.620
3 Cronbach's Alpha Based on 0.617
Standardized Items
4 Mean Item Difficulty 0.56
5 Mean Item Difficulty 0.4

Int J Eval & Res Educ, Vol. 99, No. 1, Month 2099: 1-1x
3Int J Eval & Res Educ ISSN: 2252-8822 

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. Pretest, posttest, and N-gain for (a) math representation ability students and (b) reasoning ability
students

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (10 PT)

In this section, it is explained the results of research and at the same time is given
the comprehensive discussion. Results can be presented in figures, graphs, tables and others that make
the reader understand easily [14], [15]. The discussion can be made in several sub-sections.

3.1. Sub section 1

Equations should be placed at the center of the line and provided consecutively with equation
numbers in parentheses flushed to the right margin, as in (1). The use of Microsoft Equation Editor or
MathType is preferred.

h
E v −E= ¿) (1)
2. m
All symbols that have been used in the equations should be defined in the following text.

3.2. Sub section 2

Proper citation of other works should be made to avoid plagiarism. When referring to a reference
item, please use the reference number as in [16] or [17] for multiple references. The use of ”Ref [18]...”
should be employed for any reference citation at the beginning of sentence. For any reference with more than
3 or more authors, only the first author is to be written followed by et al. (e.g. in [19]). Examples of reference
items of different categories shown in the References section. Each item in the references section should be
typed using 8 pt font size [20]–[25].

3.2.1. Subsub section 1

yy

3.2.2. Subsub section 2

Paper’s should be the fewest possible that accurately describe … (First Author)
4  ISSN: 2252-8822

zz
4. CONCLUSION (10 PT)
Provide a statement that what is expected, as stated in the "INTRODUCTION" section can
ultimately result in "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION" section, so there is compatibility. Moreover, the
prospects for the development of research results and the application of further studies can also be added to
the next (based on the results and discussion).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (if applicable) (10 PT)

This section should acknowledge individuals who provided personal assistance to the work but do
not meet the criteria for authorship, detailing their contributions. It is imperative to obtain consent from all
individuals listed in the acknowledgments.

FUNDING INFORMATION (mandatory) (10 PT)

This section should describe sources of funding agency that have supported the work. Authors
should state how the research described in their article was funded, including grant numbers if applicable.
Include the following (or similar) statement if there is no funding involved: Authors state no funding
involved.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS STATEMENT (mandatory) (10 PT)

This journal uses the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to recognize individual author
contributions, reduce authorship disputes, and facilitate collaboration. The recommended number of
authors is at least two, with one of them designated as the corresponding author. The corresponding
author will be responsible for all correspondence related to the paper and must ensure that the other authors
are included in the communication regarding submission, revision, and publication processes. We encourage
authors to include a statement in the paper that shares and accurately describes each author's contribution. To
be eligible for authorship, each individual must have contributed to at least one of the following:
conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, or investigation, as well as at least one aspect of
writing (either original draft preparation or writing reviews and editing).

Name of Author C M So Va Fo I R D O E Vi Su P Fu
Author 1 name          
Author 2 name       
Author 3 name        
…..
Author x name     

C : Conceptualization I : Investigation Vi : Visualization

M : Methodology R : Resources Su : Supervision
So : Software D : Data Curation P : Project administration
Va : Validation O : Writing - Original Draft Fu : Funding acquisition
Fo : Formal analysis E : Writing - Review & Editing

See the examples below:

Name of Author C M So Va Fo I R D O E Vi Su P Fu
Masitah Shahrill          
Hanif Cahyo Adi       
Kistoro
Azlina Mohd Kosnin        

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT (mandatory) (10 PT)

To ensure fair and objective decision-making, authors must declare any associations that pose a
conflict of interest (financial, personal, or professional) in connection with manuscripts. Non-financial
competing interests include a declaration of political, personal, religious, ideological, academic, and
intellectual competing interests. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or

Int J Eval & Res Educ, Vol. 99, No. 1, Month 2099: 1-1x
5Int J Eval & Res Educ ISSN: 2252-8822 

personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. If there are no
conflicts of interest, please include the following author's statement: Authors state no conflict of interest.

INFORMED CONSENT (if applicable) (10 PT)

The protection of privacy is a legal right that must not be breached without individual informed
consent. In cases where the identification of personal information is necessary for scientific reasons, authors
should obtain full documentation of informed consent, including written permission from the patient prior to
inclusion in the study. Incorporate the following (or a similar) statement: We have obtained informed consent
from all individuals included in this study.

ETHICAL APPROVAL (if applicable) (10 PT)

When papers talk about using people or animals, authors should make it clear that the research
followed all national rules and institutional policies, and it was approved by the authors' institutional review
board or a similar committee. The Helsinki Declaration's tenets must guide all investigations involving
human subjects. Authors must also identify the committee or review board approving the experiments and
provide a statement indicating approval of the research. Incorporate the following (or a similar) statement:
The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations and
institutional policies in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the
authors' institutional review board or equivalent committee; or: The research related to animal use has been
complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals.

DATA AVAILABILITY (mandatory) (10 PT)

The data availability statement is a valuable link between a paper’s results and the supporting
evidence. It is a brief statement about whether the authors of an article have made the evidence supporting
their findings available, and if so, where readers may access it. Data availability statements help to promote
transparency and reproducibility in research and to increase the visibility of valuable evidence produced or
gathered during the course of research. As part of our commitment to supporting open research, our journal
now requires all manuscripts to include a data availability statement in order to be accepted for publication.
Examples:
- The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at
http://doi.org/[doi], reference number [reference number].
- The data that support the findings of this study will be available in [repository name] [URL / DOI link]
following a [6 month] embargo from the date of publication to allow for the commercialization of
research findings.
- The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author,
[initials, AB]. The data, which contain information that could compromise the privacy of research
participants, are not publicly available due to certain restrictions.
- Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [initials,
AB] on request.
- The data that support the findings of this study are available from [third party]. Restrictions apply to the
availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available [from the
authors / at URL] with the permission of [third party].
- The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article
[and/or its supplementary materials].
- The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [initials, AB],
upon reasonable request.
- Data availability is not applicable to this paper as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

REFERENCES (10 PT)

The main references are international journals and proceedings. All references should be to the most pertinent, up-to-date
sources, and the minimum number of references should be 25 (for original research papers) and 50 (for review papers). References are
written in IEEE style. You can access a more comprehensive guide at http://ipmuonline.com/guide/refstyle.pdf. Use a tool such as
EndNote, Mendeley, or Zotero for reference management and formatting; choose IEEE style. Please use a consistent format for
references—see examples (8 pt):

[1] Journal/Periodicals
Basic Format:

Paper’s should be the fewest possible that accurately describe … (First Author)
6  ISSN: 2252-8822

J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Journal/Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi: xxx.
Examples:
 M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, “Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM
computational procedure,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.
 R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted
forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103, doi: 10.1063/1.2759475.
[2] Conference Proceedings
Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx–xxx, doi: xxx.
Examples:
 G. Veruggio, “The EURON roboethics roadmap,” in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp.
612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.
 J. Zhao, G. Sun, G. H. Loh, and Y. Xie, “Energy-efficient GPU design with reconfigurable in-package graphics memory,” in
Proc. ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. Low Power Electron. Design (ISLPED), Jul. 2012, pp. 403–408, doi: 10.1145/2333660.2333752.

[3] Book
Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, X. Editor, Ed., xth ed. City of Publisher, State (only U.S.),
Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
Examples:
 A. Taflove, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method in Computational Electrodynamics II,
vol. 3, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 1996.
 R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds.,
San Francisco, CA, USA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47–160.

[4] M. Theses (B.S., M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)

Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
Examples:
 J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
 N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka
Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

*In the reference list, however, list all the authors for up to six authors. Use et al. only if: 1) The names are not given and 2) List of
authors more than 6. Example: J. D. Bellamy et al., Computer Telephony Integration, New York: Wiley, 2010.

See the examples below:

REFERENCES
[1] P. Delgadoa, C. Vargasb, R. Ackermanc, and L. Salmerón, “Don’t throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects
of reading media on reading comprehension,” Educ. Res. Rev., vol. 25, pp. 23–38, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003.
[2] F. Reichert, D. Lange, and L. Chow, “Educational beliefs matter for classroom instruction: A comparative analysis of teachers’
beliefs about the aims of civic education,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 98, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103248.
[3] J. Roick and T. Ringeisen, “Students’ math performance in higher education: examining the role of self-regulated learning and
self-efficacy,” Learn. Individ. Differ., vol. 65, pp. 148–158, 2018.
[4] G. Ocak and A. Yamaç, “Examination of the relationships between fifth graders’ self-regulated learning strategies, motivational
beliefs, attitudes, and achievement,” Educ. Sci. Theory Pract., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 380–387, 2013.
[5] S. Li and J. Zheng, “The relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulated learning in one-to-one computing environment: The
mediated role of task values,” Asia-Pacific Educ. Res., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 455–463, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40299-018-0405-2.
[6] B. J. Zimmerman and A. R. Moylan, “Self-regulation: where metacognition and motivation intersect,” in D. J. Hacker, J.
Dunlosky, and A. C. Graesser, Eds., Handbook of Metacognition in Education, 2009, pp. 299–315.
[7] P. R. Pintrich, D. A. F. Smith, T. Duncan, and W. Mckeachie, A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning
questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1991.
[8] M. Pressley and C. B. McCormick, Advanced educational psychology for educators, researchers, and policymakers. New York,
USA: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1995.
[9] A. Bandura, Prentice-Hall series in social learning theory. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory .
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.
[10] A. L. Dent and A. C. Koenka, “The relation between self-regulated learning and academic achievement across childhood and
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[11] T. J. Cleary and A. Kitsantas, “Motivation and self-regulated learning influences on middle school mathematics achievement,”
School Psych. Rev., vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 88–107, 2017.
[12] P. R. Pintrich, “Chapter 14 - The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning,” in in M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, M.
Zeidner, Eds., Handbook of Self-Regulation, San Diego, California: Academic Press, 2000, pp. 451–502.
[13] H. Vonkova and J. Hrabak, “The (in) comparability of ICT knowledge and skill self-assessments among upper secondary school
students: The use of the anchoring vignette method,” Comput. Educ., vol. 85, pp. 191–202, 2015, doi:
10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.003.
[14] F. Baier, A.-T. Decker, T. Voss, T. Kleickmann, U. Klusmann, and M. Kunter, “What makes a good teacher? The relative
importance of mathematics teachers’ cognitive ability, personality, knowledge, beliefs, and motivation for instructional quality,”
Br. J. Educ. Psychol., vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 767–786, 2019, doi: 10.1111/bjep.12256.

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[15] A. M. Flanagan, D. C. Cormier, and O. Bulut, “Achievement may be rooted in teacher expectations: examining the differential
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10.1007/s11218-020-09590-y.
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with individual student characteristics,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 175–189, 2019.

[17] R. G. Brockett and R. Hiemstra, Self-direction in adult learning: Perspectives on theory, research, and practice. London and New
York: Routledge, 2020.
[18] R. Hiemstra and R. G. Brockett, “Reframing the Meaning of Self-Directed Learning: An Updated Modeltt,” in Adult Education
Research Conference Proceedings, 2012, pp. 155–161.
[19] S. Geng, K. M. Y. Law, and B. Niu, “Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning
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[20] J. R. Fraenkel, N. E. Wallen, and H. H. Hyun, How to design and evaluate research in education. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill,
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(ASCILITE), 2003, pp. 236–243.
[22] R. A. Krueger and M. A. Casey, Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. London: Sage Publications, Inc., 2015.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS (10 PT)

In this section, authors are required to provide their professional biography, which should include
their academic background, current position, research interests, and any significant contributions to the
current study. Additionally, authors should include links to their professional profiles, such as ORCID
(mandatory) and, if applicable, Google Scholar, Scopus Author ID, or Web of Science (WoS) ResearcherID.
This helps establish the author’s academic identity and enhances the visibility of their research.

Required Information:
- Full name: Include the author's full name as it appears in official records. If preferred, authors may use
the format consistent with his/her Scopus profile.
- Email address for each author: Provide the author's professional email address to facilitate
correspondence.
- Social media account:
 ORCID iD: This is a mandatory. Each author must include their ORCID iD (https://orcid.org/),
which helps link his/her research output to their identity.
 Google Scholar Profile: Include the link to the author's Google Scholar profile. If the author does
not have a Google Scholar profile, they may create a new one and include the link.
 Scopus Author ID: If available, include the Scopus Author ID to enhance visibility on Scopus.
 Web of Science (WoS) ResearcherID: Include the Web of Science ResearcherID. If the author
does not have a WoS profile, they may create a new one and include the link.
- Brief biography: Provide a concise overview of the author's academic background, research interests,
notable publications, and contributions to the current paper. This should be no longer than 150 to 200
words (9 pt).
- Professional achievements: If available, mention any important awards, recognition, or research
projects the author has been involved in.
- Photo Submission: Authors must submit a clear, professional headshot (3x4 cm). The photo should be
of high quality, well-lit, and not blurry. Avoid using photos that are overly casual or low resolution.

Paper’s should be the fewest possible that accurately describe … (First Author)
8  ISSN: 2252-8822

Below is an example of how to format the biography section for each author:

BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS (10 PT)

Masitah Shahrill is a Senior Assistant Professor and Teacher Educator at the

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education (SHBIE), Universiti Brunei Darussalam
(UBD). She was appointed lecturer in the university in 2001 and went on to pursue her
graduate studies in mathematics education at the University of Melbourne, Australia. She
was appointed as Senior Lecturer in 2013 and as Senior Assistant Professor in 2017. She is
passionate about raising the quality of teaching and learning of students and their
development in the schools and in the higher education settings. Dr Masitah’s research
interests lie in the teacher and teacher education, mathematics education, higher education,
21st Century teaching and learning, school-based assessment, classroom research, and youth
practices and their education. She can be contacted at email: masitah.shahrill@ubd.edu.bn.

Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro is a Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Educational

Research and Evaluation, Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Colombo Street
No.1 Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia & Lecturer, Department of Islamic
Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia. His research focuses on physics
education, Scaffolding in education, Scientific literacy, project-based learning,
Supersymmetry in Quantum, STEM education and literacy. He can be contacted at email:
hanifcahyo.2018@student.uny.ac.id; hanif.kistoro@pai.uad.ac.id.

Azlina Mohd Kosnin received the Ph.D. degree in education from the
University of Newcastle, U.K. She has over 20 years of experience as an Academician with
the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), where she is currently an Associate Professor
and the Chair of the School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities. Her
current research interest includes students’ learning and development at various levels and
areas of education. Her publication topics imcluding ecology, educational courses,
educational institutions, engineering education, natural resources, recycling, sustainable
development. She can be contacted at email: p-azlina@utm.my.

Int J Eval & Res Educ, Vol. 99, No. 1, Month 2099: 1-1x