UNIT 4 GRAMMAR

I. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ GERUND (V + ING)

1. Subject of a sentence
Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting.
2. Complement of to Be after Subject of Thing + To Be Ex: My hobby is fishing.
3. After Prepositions
Ex: She is interested in learning English.
4. After some verbs: Verbs + Gerund
Admit , avoid appreciate, defer / delay /postpone/ put off , deny, detest/ dislike, discuss, consider,
enjoy, escape, finish, give up/ quit, imagine, keep, not mind, miss , practise, suggest, prevent,
can’t help, can’t stand/ can't bear, resit, resist, cease ….etc.

5. VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND:
Approve of, argue about, complain about, concentrate on, depend on, decide on, feel like, forget
about, Look forward to, insist on, keep on , object to, plan on , rely on , succeed in, think about ,
worry about …..
6. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND:
Accustomed to afraid of , ashamed of, capable of, bored with ,disappointed in / with, fond of,
hopeful of, intent on, interested in, opposed to, proud of, responsible for, sorry about, successful
in, surprised at, tired from, tired of, worried about, be used to…..
7. After some Verbs + Object Combinations
Ex: We saw the thief entering the house.
Or He spent five hours doing his task.
8. In some other structures:
It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about, be worth, be busy, look
forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand ……
THE INFINITIVE (TO + VERB)
1. Subject of the sentence
Ex: To help her is my duty.
2. Verbs + to - Infinitive
Agree, afford, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, happen,, hope,
learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, threaten, want, wish, would like, intend,
tend , claim, desire, hope, hesitate …etc.

3. Verbs + O + to - ×ninitive
Want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, remind, invite, advise, warn, promise , encourage
He tells me to send this letter.
The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.
4. Be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:
Afraid, ashamed, considerate , disappointed , eager , foolish , fortunate , happy , lucky , pleased ,
proud, , ready , sorry , surprised , angry,prepared , glad, proud
5. After the verb TO BE
Ex: We are to pass the next exam.
My purpose is to win the next English competition.
6. After Noun (Infinitive of Purpose): TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V (bare infinitive)
Ex: There are lots of things to do today.
Ex: He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.
I. BARE - INFINITIVE
1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, …
EX: I must go home now.
2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but.
EX: He did nothing but complain about his life.
You’d better stay at home today.
3. Make
+ O + V(bare-inf.)
 Let
EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night.
II. VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS
 Without changing in meaning: Start, begin, continue, intend, like, love, hate, prefer
 VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE
Stop doing st He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.)
Stop to do st He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in order to smoke ).
try doing st You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thöû )
try to do st You should try to study harder. ( try = coá gaéng )
forget/ remember I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday.
doing st He remembers meeting you when he was in France. ( He met you).
forget/remember Don't forget to wash the dishes.
to do st Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. ( you
will send.)
regret doing st She regretted not coming your birthday party. So she felt bored
regret to do st I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam.
need to do st You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English
every day).
need doing st Your shirt needs washing. It smells. ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ).
=need to be done
go on doing The teacher introduced herself and went on to explain the course.
= to continue doing
st
go on to do The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but they just went on talking.

like doing I like fishing

like to do I like to do my job well.
Notes:
 would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing = wish for
 ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND
Allow = permit V-ing
+
Advise = recommend O + to-inf.
I permit you to go out. I permit going out
 See, smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb: the whole process
 See, smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb – ing: action is
happening
I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday.
She heard him playing guitar. It's really great, but she must go away.
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.
1. She apologised ________ waiting so long.
A. for keeping me B. for me C. for me keeping D. to me for
2. Her mother prevented her ________ going out tonight.
A. about B. against C. at D. from
3. She insisted ________ talking to her lawyer.
A. in B. for C . on D. of
4. He is not good ________ maths. He is incapable ________ calculating.
A. at – of B. for – of C.on - for D. on – of
5. It is no use ________ a girl that she doesn't need to lose any weight.
A. convince B. convincing C. to convince D. to convincing
6. I have much homework that I ought ________
A. do B. to doing C. doing D. to do
7. She did a funny little curtsy which Josh and Silver couldn't help ________ at.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. to laughing
8. We are looking forward ________ out at the weekend.
A. go . B. going C. to go D. to going
9. You should give up ________ your sister.
A. being bullied B. bullied C. bullying D. to bully
10. She is used ________ to loud music.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. to listening
11. I'm in a difficult position. What do you advise me ________?
A. do B. doing C. to do D. to doing
12. It's a nice day. Does anyone fancy ________ for a walk?
A. having gone B. going C. to go D. went
13. I wish that dog would stop ________ . It's driving me mad.
A. bark B. barking C. being barked D. to bark
14. He never says anything that is worth ________ to.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. to listening
15. Carol's parents always encouraged her ________ hard at school.
A. being studied B. study C. studying D. to study
16. They promised ________ me ________ for the party.
A. to help prepare B. to help/preparing C. helping/preparing D. helping/to prepare
17. She is afraid of the dentist, so she always puts off ________ till the last possible moment.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
18. I don't regret ________ her what I thought, even if it upsets her.
A. tell B. to tell C. to have told D. telling
19. I simply couldn't resist ________ you to tell you the good news!
A. phoning B. to phone C. phone D. phoned
20. They were expected ________ back by eleven.
A. being B. been C. have D. to be
21. We'll get Robert ________ it.
A. delivers B. delivering C. to deliver D. deliver
22. Let's not waste time ________ about this.
A. argue B. arguing C. having argued D. to have argued
23. I went to the airport ________ to meet her, but she didn't arrive.
A. expecting B. to expect C. to be expected D. to have expected
24. ________ that I would be late for school, I took a taxi instead of a bus.
A. Thinking B. Thought C. To think D. To be thinking
25. I tried ____ her flowers but it didn't have any effect.
A. to send B. sending C. sent D. to be sent
26. I insist on ________ this small present as a token of my appreciation.
A. your accepting B. you to accept C. yours accepting D. you accept
27. Susan hoped ________ to Terry's party.
A. for being invited B. to be invited C. she will be invited D. being invited
28. The universe is supposed ________ all the time.
A. to expand B. expanding C. to be expanding D. to have expanded
29. You should avoid ________ to the downtown area during the rush hour.
A. traveling B. to travel C. traveled D. to traveling
30. I greatly regret ________ those boots when they were so cheap.
A. not having bought B. not to have bought C. not to buy D. didn't buy
31. He is very skillful at ________ animal noises.
A. being made B. to make C. made D. making
32. Some people are against children ________ to school before they are six.
A. being sent B. to send C. to be sent D. having been sent
33.Who is responsible _______ the garbage – the husband of the wife ?
A. to take out B. for take out C. for taking out D. with taking out
34. “It’s difficult to make money as an artist .”
– “ Have you considered ________ a course in business for artists ?”
A. to take B. about taking C. your taking D. taking
35. ________ a foreign language well is a long process.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learning D. Having learned
36. What do you enjoy _______ in your free time ?
A. doing B. do C. to do D. done
37.She was worried about ________ by thieves.
A. being robbed B. robbing C. being rob D. be robbing
38. “ Why have you decided to go back to school ”
– “ I’m tired _______ as a secretary .”
A. for work B. to work C. of working D. about working
39.“ How do you like American food ?”
– “ Well, it’s not bad . Now I _______ hamburgers .”
A. used to eat B. am used to eat C. used to eating D. am used to eating
40. We insisted ___________ by the manager .
A. to be seen B. to see C. on being seen D. on seeing
41. I do not have enough money _________ this book.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
42. It is no use _________ to school if you _________ to work hard.
A. going / do not ready B. to go / do not ready
C. going / are not ready D. go / are not ready
43. They spent all day _________ and _________ on the beach.
A. to swim / sunbathing B. to swim / to sunbathe
C. swimming / to sunbathe D. swimming / sunbathing
44. We were made _________ all the cleaning in the house.
A. to do B. do C. doing D. done
45. We regret _________ you that you have exceeded your overdraft facility.
A. to inform B. informing C. to tell to D. telling
46. Why don’t you try _________ the key anti-clockwise?
A. to turn B. on turning C. turning D. turn
47. We don’t allow _________ in the classrooms.
A. that students smoke B. smoke
C. students to smoke D. to smoking
48. I really must _________ on with my work now.
A. to get B. getting C. get D. to getting
49. Why don’t you do what you’re told, instead of _________ such a song and dance about it?
A. to make B making C. made D. make
50. I rashly posted the parcel without _________ it.
A. weighing B. weigh C. weighed D. to weigh
51. Can you please _________ me a little about yourself?
A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. going to tell
52. How can you waste all that money on _________?
A. gamble B. to gamble C. gambling D. the gamble
53. “My watch is broken.” “Why don’t you _________”
A. have it repair B. have it repairing C. have it for repair D. have it repaired
54. Yesterday we did nothing but _________
A. talking B. talked C. talk D. had talked
55. Instead of _________ a new car, she'll have her old one _________.
A. to buy / repaired B. buying / to repair C. buying / be repaired D. buying / repaired
56. I tried _________ the bus, but I missed it.
A. catching B. to catch C. catch D. catch up
57. I'm sorry I haven't got any money _______ you. Why don't you try _________ Peter?
A. to lend / to ask B. lending / asking C. to lend / asking D. lending / to ask
58. After _________ asleep, I saw a strange person at the foot of the bed.
A. fall B. falling C. fell D. fallen
59. After all this time, John should take the bull by the horns and ask Mary _________ him.
A. to marry B. marry C. marrying D. married
60. He told me _________ early.
A. to try to come B. to try coming C. try to come D. try coming
II. Find a mistake in the four underlined parts A,B,C or D of each sentence.
1. Let’s stop to watch so much TV so that we can read or go out insteaD.
2. He postponed to make a decision till it was too late to do anything.
3. Don't forget calling me as soon as you arrive here.
4. Lan should seriously consider to become a singer. She’s a great talent.
5. Don’t forget calling me as soon as you arrive here.
6. I want to travel because I enjoy to meet people and seeing new places
7. I didn’t use to going swimming when I lived in the countryside.
8. Wearing uniforms help students feel equal whether they are rich or poor.
9. I enjoyed listening to traditional music and go dancing with my friends.
10. She is looking forward to go to Europe after she finishes her studies at the university.
11. What about play tennis instead of going to the cinema ?
12. Stay in bed all day is not good for our health, isn’t it ?
13. The room is so tidy that it need clean without delay.
14. My aunt has begun taught English for twenty years.
15. Many of my students enjoy to surf the web in their free time.
16. We are used to live next door to each other at one time.
17. How about to use public buses instead of cars?
18. It is believed that in the near future robots will be used to doing things such as cooking
19. My father used to giving me some good advice whenever I had a problem
20. The doctor advised him to avoid eating fatty foods, having more fresh vegetables and drink much
water.
21. My mother still spends 14 hours a day do the housework
22. I didn’t feel like to go to work this morning because it was raining hard
23. The tongue is the principal organ of taste, and is crucial for chewing, swallowed, and speaking
24. Because his sickness , he didn’t take part in the English competition
III. Complete the second sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first.
1. I was surprised I passed the exam. (expect)
→ I ______________________________________________________________
2. Did you manage to get hold of the CD? (succeed)
→Did _________________________________________________________
3. My father said I could use his car. ( allow)
→ My father __________________________________________________________
4. Don’t stop him doing what he wants.
→ Let him _______________________________________________________________
5.He looks older when he wears glasses.
→ Glasses make __________________________________________________________
6. He would rather eat vegetables and fruits than eat meat
-> He prefers _____________________________________________________________
7. I spent years building up my collection.
→ It _____________________________________________________________
8. The thick fog made it impossible for me to drive to work.
->The thick fog prevented ___________________________________________________
9. We expect to travel around our country.
->We look _____________________________________________________________
10. It is necessary to check your health every six months
-> Checking _____________________________________________________________