CONTENTS
Introduction …2
Hybrid Vehicle …3
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication …4
Autonomous Car …5
Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) …6
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) …7
Conclusion …8
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INTRODUCTION
The automotive industry has seen a surge in artificial
intelligence (AI) technologies, such as machine learning,
deep learning, and computer vision. These are used to
guide self-driving cars, manage fleets and assist drivers
for improved safety.
The automotive industry has experienced a remarkable
surge in technological advancements, particularly in
artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Innovations such
as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision
are revolutionizing the sector. These technologies are
applied to guide self-driving cars, manage vehicle fleets,
enhance driver assistance systems, and improve overall
safety and efficiency on the roads.
His continuous evolution in automotive engineering is
shaping the future of transportation, making vehicles
smarter, safer, and more sustainable.
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HYBRID VEHICLE
A hybrid car is a combination of an electric vehicle and a
fuel vehicle. This car gives better mileage than a fuel
vehicle. .
Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal
combustion engine and one or more electric motors,
which uses energy stored in batteries. A hybrid electric
vehicle cannot be plugged in to charge the battery.
Instead, the battery is charged through regenerative
braking and by the internal combustion engine.
Mahindra Alturas G4, Honda City Hybrid 2022 and MG
Aster are some of the hybrid vehicles that are the current
dominant vehicles in the auto market
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VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION
Vehicular communication systems are computer
networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the
communicating nodes, providing each other with
information, such as safety warnings and traffic
information. They can be effective in avoiding accidents
and traffic congestion.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is an
advanced technology that enables vehicles to
communicate with each other through wireless networks.
It allows the exchange of critical information, such as
speed, position, and direction, to enhance road safety and
improve traffic management.
Applications:
Emergency Vehicle Alerts: Notifying drivers about
approaching emergency vehicles to clear the path.
Intersection Assistance: Preventing collisions by sharing
data about vehicle movements at intersections.
Lane Change Warnings: Helping drivers make safer lane
changes by detecting nearby vehicles.
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AUTONOMOUS CAR
It is also known as self- driving car.
Self-driving vehicles are cars or trucks in which human
drivers are never required to take control to safely
operate the vehicle. Also known as autonomous or
“driverless” cars, they combine sensors and software to
control, navigate, and drive the vehicle.
Key Features of Autonomous Cars
Sensors and Cameras: Detect objects, lanes, and traffic
signals around the vehicle.
Radar and Lidar: Measure distances and create a 3D map
of the environment for navigation.
AI and Machine Learning: Analyze data from sensors to
make driving decisions in real-time.
GPS Navigation Systems: Provide accurate location
tracking and route planning
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ADVANCED DRIVER-ASSISTANCE SYSTEM
An advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) includes
technologies that assist drivers with the safe operation of
a vehicle. Through a human-machine interface, ADAS
increases car and road safety
Components of ADAS
Cameras: Mounted around the vehicle to detect lane
markings, obstacles, and traffic signs.
Radar and Lidar Sensors: Measure distances between
vehicles and objects.
Ultrasonic Sensors: Assist with close-range detection for
parking and obstacle avoidance.
Control Unit: Processes data from sensors and makes
real-time driving decisions.
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ANTI LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System, a key safety
feature in most modern cars and trucks. Anti-lock brakes
work with a car’s regular brake system by automatically
pumping them in the event of a sudden stop.
How ABS Works:
Wheel Speed Sensors: These sensors monitor the speed
of each wheel. If any wheel is about to lock up (i.e., it’s
slowing down too quickly), the ABS system activates.
Hydraulic Valves: These valves modulate the brake
pressure at each wheel. When a wheel lock is detected,
the system rapidly reduces brake pressure to that wheel
and then restores it.
Electronic Control Unit (ECU): The ECU is the brain of
the ABS. It processes data from the sensors and controls
the hydraulic valves and pump.
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CONCLUSION
The automotive industry is witnessing a transformative
era, driven by technological advancements and changing
consumer demands. Automotive engineering and design
are at the forefront of this revolution, shaping the future
of mobility.
Modern trends in automobile engineering are
significantly reshaping the automotive industry, driven
by advancements in technology, sustainability, and
consumer demands. The shift towards electric vehicles
(EVs), autonomous driving, and connected car
technologies is creating a new era of innovation.
Emphasis on fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and eco-
friendly materials is helping address environmental
concerns. Meanwhile, automation, artificial
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