Lecture6
INTRODUCTION TO
DRAFT SYMBOL AND
CONVENSION
Working Drawing
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
▪ GENERAL OVERVIEW
▪ ARCHITECTURE SYMBOLS
▪ SEQUENCE AND SHEET FORMATS
▪
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Architectural Symbols and Conventions
General architectural drafting principles are based on time tested
practices based on standards set forth by The American Standards
Institute (ANSI), The American Institute of Architects (AIA), and the U.S.
National CAD Standard. Architectural drawing technique refers to
a style or quality of a drawing imparted by the individual drafter to the
work. It is characterized by crisp black line work, lettering, consistency,
and uniformity. Architectural drawings should reflect the rigid line control
of a mechanically produced drawing combined with the artistic expression
conveyed through architecture. Students should develop a stylized
drawing technique that conforms to the rigid conventions of line drafting
with added variations of artistic techniques to produce a very
individualized finished drawing.
Architectural symbol
Section Marks
Section marks are used to indicate where sections are being taken or
cut. Architectural practices are very similar to that used in engineering
drawing. Because of the complexity of architectural drawings cutting
plane lines are generally omitted and only the arrow indicating the
direction of sight of the section view is shown.
GENERAL OVERVIEW
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Sequence and sheet Formats
Organization:
• Site work
• Architectural drawings
• Structural
• Mechanical
• Plumbing
• Electrical
• Any special disciplines
Wall Material Symbols
Discipline Code
Discipline is the primary method of classification for layer names.
The discipline code provides a path back to the originator of the
data and provides a logical categorization of CAD information. The
discipline code is intended primarily to identify the author of the
graphic information. Thus, a structural column placed by an
architect would be A-COLS rather than S-COLS. The existence of
both sets of information can in fact indicate the need for
coordination. The Discipline Code is a one or twocharacter
field with the second character either a hyphen or a user-defined
modifier. The discipline codes are listed below.
Discipline Code
G General project requirements
Site work
TS Topographic survey
SB Soil borings data
SD Site demolition
C Civil work
L Landscaping
Major disciplines S Structural
A Architecture M Mechanical
A000, A001, etc. Schedules, master keynote, P Plumbing
legend, general notes FP Fire Protections
A100, A101, etc. Plans E Electrical
A200, A201, etc. Exterior elevations, Sections Special elements
A300, A301, etc. Vertical circulation, core plan ID Interior design
and details FS Food service
A400, A401, etc. Reflected ceiling plans, details SG Signage/graphics
A500, A501, etc. Exterior envelope, details FF Furniture/furnishings
A600, A601, etc. Architecture interiors AA Asbestos abatement
Etc.
Draw floor plan
Architectural Symbols and Conventions
General Notes
Notes are classified as general notes and as local notes. Notes are lettered
horizontally on a sheet with guidelines and arranged in a systematic manner.
Abbreviations in general notes should be avoided as much as possible.
Proper grammar, sentence structure and punctuation are used in constructing
a note.
Note columns are titled to make them distinguishable from other parts of the
drawing. The lettering heights are larger than the lettering height use for
general lettering and should be the same height as other titles on the sheet.
Each note is referenced with a number. Margins are used to align the note
numbers and the notes. Use a minimum space of 1/2 inch between the
number and the note. The spacing between lines in a note should be one-half
of the actual letter height. Spacing between notes should be such that each
note is distinguished from the other notes. This space should be at least
equal to one letter height.
Remember, uniformity and consistency play an important role in the
construction of the note column.
North Arrows
The purpose of a north arrow is to indicate the north
direction and therefore the orientation of the building
in relation to the sun
• The circle for the north arrow should be about 1
inch diameter. Use the BASE command and place
a base point in the center of the circle.
Color can also be used to enhance the north arrow by
shading in the arrow itself or shading in the area
surrounding the arrow.
Title Blocks
Title blocks are a very important part of
the overall drawing. They contain
information not given directly on the
drawing with dimensions or notes. The
following information is generally
provided in the title block:
• Title of the project/name of the drawing
• Name and address of the client.
• Name and address of the architectural
• company.
• Date of the completion of the drawing
package.
• Scale of the drawing.
• Drawing Number.
• Architect's professional stamp.
Sheet Layout
The drawing paper need to be framed with
a border line. A 1/2 inch border line is
drawn around the paper. This line is a very
thick line. The border line can be a single
line or a double line and should conform to
the overall style of the drawing. Title blocks
are added and placed along the bottom
and/or the right side of the drawing paper.
A north arrow (if applicable) is placed in
the upper left corner of the sheet. In
general all of the drawing area should be
filled. The main drawing should be the
dominate picture on the sheet with detail
drawings and general notes related to the
main drawing placed around it.
All drawings, details, and notes should be
titled. Titles are placed beneath the
picture.
Sequence and sheet Formats
• Standard
• Sheet size
• Layout
• Tittle blocks
Sequence and sheet Formats
Architectural Drafting Line Work
Arrowheads are drawn freehand. The length of
an arrowhead is the same dimension used for
the height of lettering. The proportion of the
length of the arrowhead to the width is 3:1
respectively. Arrowheads can be either open,
closed, solid, or the traditional slash as shown.
Other types of symbols can be used in place of
the arrowhead or slash. These include
triangles,
perpendicular lines, and dots.
In all cases, the style of arrowheads should not
be mixed on a drawing. Consistency is the key
to good drafting.
Buildings in Plan
A building with a pitched roof should be
textured to increase the three-dimensional
quality. The direction of the lines can
emphasize the actual building materials
and
the direction in which they were laid or
emphasize the slop of pitched surfaces.
The
sun side of the roof should have a lighter
texture than the shaded side or simply left
white.
The simplest way to highlight a structure is
to
crosshatch the entire building area or hatch
around the perimeter of the structure. The
overall representation of the structure
should
conform to the overall style of the drawing
and the other symbols used.
Line Weight and Line Type
(a) grid lines Recommended pen sizes are as follows:
centre lines
dimension lines
leader lines 1 Drawings to a (a) (b) (c)
incidental furniture, where scale of 1:50 and
relevant hatching less
(b) all other lines. with the 2 Drawings to a (a) (b) (c)
exception of: scale of 1:20 to
(c) those lines. particularly on an 1:5
elementalised drawing, which
it is desired to emphasise, 3 Drawings to a (a) (b) (c)
either because they define scale larger than
the element which is the 1:5
subject of the drawing, or in Pen size Range 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7
the general interest of clarity.
Pen size Range 2 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.5 0.7
Material Symbols
NEXT CLASS SUBMISSION
ASSIGNMENT1: SUBMISSION
