Communication involves getting information from one person to the other

person. Yet even this is not a complete definition because communicating effectively
involves having that information relayed while retaining the same in content and
context.

Communication is the art and process of creating and sharing ideas.

LATIN WORD: COMMUNICO - I SHARE

Basic Functions of Communication:

For interaction

For increasing the store of information

For better understanding of our self and the world we live

For changing people’s attitudes, beliefs, opinions and actions

For making decisions

Five Categories of Communication:

Verbal communication - uses words, dialects, and languages

Non- Verbal communication - transmitting data without the use of words

Intrapersonal communication - communication within the person. This referred

to as cognitive or personal communication.

Interpersonal communication - communication between two persons who

established a communicative relationship.

Public communication - a communication that has a speaker that sends a

message to an audience.

Context: refers to the setting in which communication takes place.

Physical Context it refers to where communication takes place.

Social Context is the relationship that exists between and among participants.

Historical Context is the background provided by the previous communication

that influences understanding of the current encounter.

Psychological Context includes mood and feelings each person brings to the
communication.

Cultural Context includes beliefs, values, norms that are shared by an enlarge
group of people.
Characteristics of Human Communication:

The process of communication is continuous, ongoing, and dynamic.

Communication begins with the self.

Communication is irreversible or unerasable.

Communication is reciprocal.

Communication is unrepeatable.

Communication is transactional.

The Levels of Communication

1. Phatic Communication

Basic Of Daily Communication

2. Factual Communication

relatively safe level of communication and used by every individual.

3. Evaluative Communication

level of communication which offers opinions, ideas and judgments

to others

4. Gut-level Communication
allows us to practice self-awareness, self-control, flexibility and
empathy
5. Peak Communication

highest and rarely achieved communication

The source of the message is the SENDER.

The sender must know why the communication is necessary and what result is
needed.

Encoding is the process of taking your message and transferring it into the proper
format for sharing it with your audience.

The CHANNEL is the method of communication that you chose such as face-to-face,
by telephone, or via email.
RECEIVER is the one who interpret the message of the sender; makes feedback
out of the information taken from the source.

DECODING is the process of receiving the message accurately and requires that your
audience has the means to understand the information you are sharing.

FEEDBACK lets you gauge how successful you were at communicating. It also
offers a chance to adjust your communication process for the future.

NOISE is anything that interferes communication.

Communication Theory

Communication theory was proposed by S. F. Scudder in the year 1980. It states

that all living beings existing on the planet communicate although the way of
communication is different.

Mechanistic - The mechanistic viewpoint says that communication is simply the

transmission of information from the first party to the second party—the first party
being the sender and the second party being the receiver.

Psychological - According to the psychological viewpoint, communication is simply not

the flow of information from the sender to the receiver but the thoughts, feelings of
the sender which he tries to share with the recipients. It also includes the
reactions, feelings of the receiver after he decodes the information.

Social - The social viewpoint considers communication because of interaction

between the sender and the receiver.

Systemic - The systemic viewpoint says that communication is created when various
individuals interpret it in their own way and then reinterpret it and draw their own
conclusion.

Critical - The critical viewpoint says that communication is simply a way with the help of
which an individual expresses his power and authority among other individuals.

Communication Model

Communication plays a vital role in our everyday lives, shaping how we connect,
comprehend, and
interact with others.

Aristotle- Its focus lies on the speaker’s ability to influence the audience and elicit a
specific response to

their message. Speaker’s role in persuading the audience to respond as

intended.

Berlo’s model- emotional dimension of the message considering the SMCR Model
( Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver) to comprehend dynamics more
comprehensively, contradicting the Aristotle’s model. Elements that influence
effective communication and identifies the different component involved in the
process.
 Sh
annon and Weaver Model (1949)- five fundamental components: Source of
information, Transmitter, Communication channel, Receiver, Destination
emphasize the significance of clear encoding, reliable transmission channels, and
effective decoding for successful communication.

Osgood-Schramm Model- It highlights the importance of feedback, where the

receivers respond with questions or opinions and the significance of the context, which
includes the setting and participant’s backgrounds.
Westley and Maclean Model- Five components: sender, encoder, message, decoder
and receiver. emphasize the circular and ongoing nature of communication, where
feedback and adaptation play vital roles in ensuring effective communication in the
professional context.
Dance’s Helical Model- communication as a spiraling and dynamic process,
communication’s non-linear nature and emphasizes continuous learning, adaptation, and
building on shared knowledge for effective teamwork and successful project outcomes.

Ethical communication is a type of communication that is predicated upon certain

business values, such as being truthful, concise, and responsible with one’s words and
the resulting actions.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION

1. OPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY

Being honest means communicating what is known to be true.

2. ACTIVE LISTENING
it is necessary for the recipient to pro-actively listen to the speaker, and to not just
hear what they want to hear, or to hear only parts of the conversation.
3. SPEAK NON-JUDGEMENTALLY
Ethically and concisely communicating means speaking in a non-judgmental
manner with every recipient, negating unnecessary conflict, which typically creates
a breakdown in communication and causes misunderstandings.
4. RESPECT
It should go without saying that ethical communications are respectful and tolerant
in nature.
5. RESPECT PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
Most businesses should include a clause in them code of ethics defining what is
appropriate when it comes to honoring client and employee confidentiality and
privacy.

The Importance of Ethical Communication

1. Builds Trust: we build trust with others, as they perceive us as truthful and
reliable.
2. Improves Relationships: fosters healthy relationships, as it creates an
environment of respect and understanding.
3. Prevents Conflicts: Ethical communication helps prevent conflicts, as it promotes
dialogue and understanding.
4. Promotes Diversity and inclusion: Ethical communication it respects and
values different
perspectives and experiences.