Unit-6: Cash management, inventory
management and receivable management
Definition: Cash Management refers to the collection, handling, control
and investment of the organizational cash and cash equivalents, to ensure optimum
utilization of the firm’s liquid resources. Money is the lifeline of the business, and
therefore it is essential to maintain a sound cash flow position in the organization.
Cash Management
Definition: Cash Management refers to the collection, handling, control
and investment of the organizational cash and cash equivalents, to ensure optimum
utilization of the firm’s liquid resources. Money is the lifeline of the business, and
therefore it is essential to maintain a sound cash flow position in the organization.
Receivables Cash Management
Any amount which the company has earned however not yet received, i.e. its outstanding
and is expected to be received in future, is known as receivables.
An organization must manage its receivables to maintain the surplus cash inflow. It helps
the firm to fulfil its immediate cash requirements.
The cash receivables must be planned in such a way that the organization can realise its
debts quickly and should allow a short credit period to the debtors.
Payables Cash Management
The payables refer to the payment which is unpaid by the organization and is to be paid
off shortly.
The organization should plan its cash outflow in such a manner that it can acquire an
extended credit period from the creditors.
This helps the firm to retain its cash resources for a longer duration to meet the short term
requirements and sudden expenses. Even the organization can invest this cash in a
profitable opportunity for that particular credit period to generate additional income.
Objectives of Cash Management
Fulfil Working Capital Requirement: The organization needs to maintain ample liquid
cash to meet its routine expenses which possible only through effective cash
management.
Planning Capital Expenditure: It helps in planning the capital expenditure and
determining the ratio of debt and equity to acquire finance for this purpose.
Handling Unorganized Costs: There are times when the company encounters
unexpected circumstances like the breakdown of machinery. These are unforeseen
expenses to cope up with; cash surplus is a lifesaver in such conditions.
Initiates Investment: The other aim of cash management is to invest the idle funds in the
right opportunity and the correct proportion.
Better Utilization of Funds: It ensures the optimum utilization of the available funds by
creating a proper balance between the cash in hand and investment.
Avoiding Insolvency: If the business does not plan for efficient cash management, the
situation of insolvency may arise. It is either due to lack of liquid cash or not making a
profit out of the money available.
Functions of Cash Management
Cash management is required by all kinds of organizations irrespective of their size, type
and location. Following are the multiple managerial functions related to cash
management:
Investing Idle Cash: The company needs to look for various short term investment
alternatives to utilize surplus funds.
Controlling Cash Flows: Restricting the cash outflow and accelerating the cash inflow is
an essential function of the business.
Planning of Cash: Cash management is all about planning and decision making in terms
of maintaining sufficient cash in hand and making wise investments.
Managing Cash Flows: Maintaining the proper flow of cash in the organization through
cost-cutting and profit generation from investments is necessary to attain a positive cash
flow.
Optimizing Cash Level: The organization should continuously function to maintain the
required level of liquidity and cash for business operations.
Cash Management Strategies
Business Line of Credit: The organization should opt for a business line of credit at an
initial stage to meet the urgent cash requirements and unexpected expenses.
Money Market Fund: While carrying on a business, the surplus fund should be invested
in the money market funds. These are readily convertible into cash whenever required
and yield a considerable profit over the period.
Lockbox Account: This facility provided by the banks enable the companies to get their
payments mailed to its post office box. This lockbox is managed by the banks to avoid
manual deposit of cash regularly.
Sweep Account: The organizations should avail the facility of sweep accounts which is a
mix of savings and fixed deposit account. Thus, the minimum balance of the savings
account is automatically maintained, and the excess sum is transferred to the fixed
deposit account.
Cash Deposits (CDs): If the company has a sound financial position and can predict the
expenses well along with availing of a lengthy period, it can invest the surplus cash in the
cash deposits. These CDs yield good interest, but early withdrawals are liable to
penalties.
Limitations of Cash Management
Cash management is an inevitable part of business organizations. However, it has a few
shortcomings which make it unsuitable for small organizations; these are as follows:
Cash management is a very time consuming and skilful activity which is required to be
performed regularly. As it requires financial expertise, the company may need to hire
consultants or other experts to perform the task by paying administrative and
consultation charges.
Small business entities which are managed solely, face problems such as lack of skills,
knowledge, time and risk-taking ability to practice cash management.
