'HVLJQDQG,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRI6LJQDO3URFHVVRU

%DVHGRQ3DVVLYH5DGDU6HHNHU
'DORQJ;X;LXFDL:DQ+DR:DQJ/LPLQJ7DQJ)HQJ)HQJ0LQ*X
1DQMLQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\1DQMLQJ-LDQJVX3URY&KLQD 
:X[L*XR[LQ0LFURHOHFWURQLF6\VWHP&R/WG:X[L-LDQJVX3URY&KLQD 

$EVWUDFW²7KH UHFHSWLRQ DQG SURFHVVLQJ RI UDGDU VLJQDOV LV D VDPSOLQJIUHTXHQF\LVVHOHFWHGWREH*VSVIRUVLJQDOVZLWK
UHVHDUFKKRWVSRWRIPRGHUQHOHFWURQLFFRXQWHUPHDVXUHWHFKQROR DQ LQWHUPHGLDWH IUHTXHQF\ RI *+] DQG D EDQGZLGWK RI
J\,QWKLVSDSHUZHLQWURGXFHDUDGDUVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJV\VWHP
EDVHG RQ D SDVVLYH UDGDU VHHNHU ZLWK D WUDQVLHQW VLJQDO SUR 0+] 7KH DQDORJ VLJQDOV DUH VDPSOHG E\  $' DQG WKH
FHVVLQJEDQGZLGWKRI0+]7KHZKROHV\VWHPDGRSWVDPRGX VHULDOWRSDUDOOHO FRQYHUVLRQ RI KLJKVSHHG $' GDWD VWUHDP LV
ODU GHVLJQ DQG WKH IHDVLELOLW\ RI HDFK PRGXOH LV YHULILHG RQ WKH UHDOL]HGWKURXJKWKH,6(5'(6PRGXOHLQ)3*$DQGWKHQ
VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ ERDUG WKHUHE\ YHULI\LQJ WKH UHOLDELOLW\ DQG FKDQQHOVDUHSURFHVVHG,QRUGHUWRUHGXFHWKHSURFHVVLQJUDWH
VWDELOLW\RIWKHV\VWHP DQG UHGXFH WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ RI KDUGZDUH UHVRXUFHV WKH IRXU
,QGH[ 7HUPV²SDVVLYH VHHNHU VLJQDO SURFHVVRU ZLGHEDQG VLJ
FKDQQHOVHULDOZRUNLQJPRGHRIRGGDQGHYHQJURXSVLVDGRSW
2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS) | 978-1-7281-6703-9/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IWS49314.2020.9360191

QDOGLJLWDOFKDQQHOL]DWLRQVLJQDOGHWHFWLRQ
HG 7KH ,4 VLJQDO RXWSXW E\ WKH FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ PRGXOH XVHV
WKH&RUGLFNHUQHOLQWKH)3*$WRILQGWKHDPSOLWXGHDQGSKDVH
,,1752'8&7,21 LQIRUPDWLRQRIWKHVLJQDO$PRQJWKHPWKHPHGLDQILOWHULQJLV
7KH FRPSOH[LW\ RI WKH PRGHUQ EDWWOHILHOG HOHFWURPDJQHWLF SHUIRUPHGRQWKHDPSOLWXGHWRUHGXFHWKHJOLWFKDQGWKHQWKH
HQYLURQPHQW XUJHQWO\ QHHGV WR LPSURYH UDGDU SHUIRUPDQFH WR VLJQDO DPSOLWXGH LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH HVWLPDWHG GHWHFWLRQ
PHHW WKH UHFHSWLRQ RI YDULRXV IRUPV RI UDGDU VLJQDOV VR WKH WKUHVKROGWR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHUWKH VLJQDOH[LVWV DQG WKH VWDUW
SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHVLJQDOUHFHLYHULVFULWLFDO7KHGLJLWDOFKDQ DQGHQGSRLQWVRIWKHVLJQDODQGWKHSXOVHHQYHORSHLVH[WUDFW
QHOL]DWLRQ UHFHLYHU >@ QRW RQO\ KDV WKH KLJK FRPSUHKHQVLYH HG 7KH RWKHU ZD\ GHOD\V WKH DPSOLWXGH DQG SKDVH WR HQVXUH
SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ UHFHLYHU EXW DOVR FDQ LP WKDW WKH RXWSXW LV V\QFKURQL]HG ZLWK WKH GHWHFWHG SXOVH HQYH
SURYHWKHVWDELOLW\DQGIOH[LELOLW\RIWKHUHFHLYHUWKURXJKGLJLW ORSHDQGILQDOO\PHDVXUHVWKHLQWUDSXOVHVLJQDOSDUDPHWHUV
L]DWLRQ ,W FDQ DGDSW WR YDULRXV QHZ V\VWHPV RI UDGDU VLJQDOV 7LPHRI
LQFOXGLQJ IUHTXHQF\ GLYHUVLW\ PXOWLSOH FDUULHU IUHTXHQFLHV $'&
0HGLDQ 7KUHVKROG 7DUJHW
DUULYDO

SKDVHPRGXODWLRQ UHSHWLWLRQ MLWWHU UHSHWLWLRQMLWWHU IUHTXHQF\

$PSOLWXGH 3XOVHZLGWK
ILOWHU HVWLPDWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ
$'& FKDQQHO

DJLOLW\DQGSXOVHFRPSUHVVLRQ>@>@
,6(5'(6 GLJLWDO &RUGLF $PSOLWXGH
FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ
)UHTXHQF\
7KHGLJLWDOFKDQQHOL]HGUHFHLYHUVDPSOHVWKHUDGDUVLJQDODW $'&
3KDVH 6\QFKURQL]DWLRQGHOD\
&KDQQHO

WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH IUHTXHQF\ DQG WKHQ E\ DQDO\]LQJ WKH SXOVH SKDVH
GLIIHUHQFH

FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHUDGDUVLJQDOLQIRUPDWLRQVXFKDVWKHIUH
TXHQF\ SXOVH ZLGWK EDQGZLGWK DQG DPSOLWXGH RI WKH VLJQDO )LJ 6LJQDOSURFHVVRUV\VWHPEORFNGLDJUDP
FDQ EH REWDLQHG 7KH &6EDVHG HOHFWURQLF ZDUIDUH V\VWHP LQ
5HIHUHQFH >@ PHDVXUHV WKH FDUULHU IUHTXHQF\ DQG RWKHU SD 7KHPDLQ SURFHVVLQJFKLS RIWKLV V\VWHP VHOHFWV WKH )3*$
UDPHWHUVWKURXJKSURMHFWLRQQRUPDQGWKHLQQHUSURGXFWRIWKH RI;&9;7))*SURGXFHGE\;LOLQ[>@7KHFKLS
UHFHLYHGVDPSOHV FRQWDLQV ULFK KDUGZDUH UHVRXUFHV VXFK DV  /87 (OH
%DVHGRQWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDSDVVLYH PHQWV'63VDQG0E%ORFN5$0V
UDGDU VHHNHU WKLV SDSHU LQWURGXFHV D VLJQDO SURFHVVRU IRU UH 7KHPRGHORI$'FKLSLV(9$4$SURGXFHGE\(9
FHLYLQJ DQG GHWHFWLQJ ZLGHEDQG UDGDU VLJQDOV ,W XVHV KLJK FRPSDQ\ ,W LV D ELW IRXUFKDQQHO KLJKVSHHG VDPSOLQJ
SUHFLVLRQDQGKLJKVDPSOLQJUDWH$'&DQGKLJKVSHHG)3*$ GLJLWDOWRDQDORJFRQYHUWHU>@7KHVDPSOLQJUDWHLQWKHIRXU
WR LPSURYH WKH DFFXUDF\ UHVROXWLRQ DQG UHDOWLPH RI WKH V\V FKDQQHO PRGH FDQ UHDFK *VSV ZKLFK PHHWV WKH UHTXLUH
WHP 7KH DQDORJ VLJQDO LV ILUVW VDPSOHG E\ $' WKHQ GRZQ PHQWVRIWKLVV\VWHP
VSHHGHG E\ FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ VR WKDW WKH KLJKVSHHG VDPSOHG
,,,'(6,*1$1',03/(0(17$7,212)6,*1$/352&(6625
VLJQDOPDWFKHV WKH VLJQDOSURFHVVLQJ VSHHGRI WKH )3*$ DQG
ILQDOO\WKHVLJQDOSDUDPHWHUVDUHH[WUDFWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKH,4 $6HULDOWRSDUDOOHO&RQYHUVLRQ
LQIRUPDWLRQRXWSXWE\WKHFKDQQHOL]DWLRQ
7KLVV\VWHPQHHGVWRUHDOL]HFKDQQHOEOLQGIUHHFKDQQHO
,,6<67(0,1752'8&7,21  L]DWLRQ$FFRUGLQJWRWKHSULQFLSOHRIWKHFKDQQHOL]DWLRQDOJR
ULWKPWKHVDPSOLQJGDWDQHHGVWREHH[WUDFWHGDQGLQWHJUDWHG
)LJLVDEORFNGLDJUDPRIDVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJV\VWHP7KLV 7KLV IXQFWLRQ LV FRPSOHWHG E\ WKH VHULDOSDUDOOHO FRQYHUVLRQ
V\VWHP LV EDVHG RQ WKH EDQGSDVV VDPSOLQJ WKHRUHP DQG WKH PRGXOH7KHEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHPRGXOHLVVKRZQLQ)LJ

‹,(((

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 23:23:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 ELW
,6(5'(6
ELW 
­ '
' °K L  S ˈL ǃǃĂ
    
ELW ,6(5'(6
ELW 
ELW ELW 5HJLVWHU ELW 3DUDOOHO KL S ® 
$'& FRPELQDWLRQ ),)2
GHOD\
0HUJH
WR6HULDO  °̄ˈL ǃǃ
 Ă
ELW ELW 
,6(5'(6

6HW V S P V P '   S  KS P K P '   S DJDLQ
)LJ %ORFNGLDJUDPRIVHULDOWRSDUDOOHOFRQYHUVLRQPRGXOH
ZHFDQJHW  
)RU HDFK $' FKDQQHO WKH RXWSXW LV ELW ELW VDPSOHG '  f ' '
MZN P L  S
GDWD  ,6(5'(6 RQ WKH )3*$ KDUGZDUH DUH XVHG WR UH
FHLYH DQG SHUIRUP  VHULDOWRSDUDOOHO FRQYHUVLRQ (DFK
\N P ¦ ¦V
S  L f
S PL H  
KS L
   
,6(5'(6 PRGXOH RXWSXWV ELW  0ESV GDWD DQG WKHQ '  MZN
'

¦
P
FRPELQHVLQWRELW0ESVSDUDOOHO$'&GDWD3DVVWKHGDWD VS P H 
KS P H  MZN S 
WKURXJKWKH),)2VHWWKHUHDGDQGZULWHELWZLGWKWRWKDW S 

LVELWGDWDLQSXWELWGDWDRXWSXWDQGWKHRXWSXWGDWDUDWH
)LQDOO\VXEVWLWXWH ZN S N '  N Ă'  DQG
ǃ
LV 0ESV 5HJLVWHUV DUH XVHG WR GHOD\ RQH ELW RI ELW
GDWDE\RQHFORFNDQGPHUJHZLWKWKHXQGHOD\HGELWGDWD V S P V S P  PN KS P LQWR  :HJHW  
LQWR  0ESV ELW SDUDOOHO GDWD (LJKW $' FKDQQHOV FDQ ' 
EH SURFHVVHG LQ WKH VDPH ZD\ WR JHW  FKDQQHOV RI GDWD DQG
WKHQWKHSDULW\FKDQQHOVDUHJURXSHGDQGWKHWZRJURXSVRI
\N P ¦V
S 

S P H  MZN S ')7 V S P    
FKDQQHOVRI RXWSXW GDWD DUH SDUDOOHOWRVHULDO FRQYHUWHG $IWHU
WKHDERYHSURFHVVLQJWKHVHULDOWRSDUDOOHOFRQYHUVLRQPRGXOH $FFRUGLQJWRWKHGHULYDWLRQSURFHVVRIWKHDERYHIRUPXODD
RXWSXWV WZR VHWV RI IRXUFKDQQHO VHULDO ELW GDWD DW D GDWD VWUXFWXUDO PRGHO RI WKH GLJLWDO FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ UHFHLYHU VKRZQ
UDWHRI0ESV LQ)LJFDQEHREWDLQHG

%FKDQQHO'LJLWDO&KDQQHOL]DWLRQ 'p K P \ P
6 Q
&KDQQHOL]DWLRQ LV WR GLYLGH WKH HQWLUH FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ LQWR = 

VHYHUDOQDUURZFKDQQHOVDQGWKHQPRYHWKHPWREDVHEDQGIRU \ P
'p K P
ILOWHULQJ ,Q RUGHU WR DYRLG FKDQQHO EOLQG DUHDV WKH FKDQQHO =  ')7  Q
GLYLVLRQ PHWKRG ZLWKRXW EOLQG DUHDV ZLWK  RYHUODS EH
WZHHQDGMDFHQWFKDQQHOVDVVKRZQLQ)LJLVXVHG
= 
'p K' P \N  P
+ H MZ
' Q


)LJ 'LJLWDOFKDQQHOL]DWLRQUHFHLYHUVWUXFWXUHGLDJUDP

 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ʌ ¹  :KHQ WKH GLJLWDOFKDQQHOL]DWLRQ )3*$ LVLPSOHPHQWHGWKH
GHOD\ H[WUDFWLRQ SDUW LV FRPSOHWHG E\ WKH VHULDOSDUDOOHO FRQ
)LJ 6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIFKDQQHOGLYLVLRQZLWKRXWGHDG]RQH YHUVLRQ PRGXOH WKH SRO\SKDVH ILOWHULQJ LV SHUIRUPHG E\
0DWODEWRJHQHUDWHILOWHUFRHIILFLHQWVDQGLPSRUWHGLQWRWKH,3
'LIIHUHQW IURP WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRO\SKDVH ILOWHULQJ FKDQQHO FRUH ),5WR FRPSOHWH &RQVLGHULQJWKH KDUGZDUHDQG WLPH UH
L]DWLRQ UHFHLYHU LI WKH QXPEHU RI GLYLGHG FKDQQHOV LV ' WKH VRXUFHV FRQVXPHG E\ WKH ILOWHU RUGHU WKH SURWRW\SH ORZSDVV
GHFLPDWLRQPXOWLSOHRIHDFKFKDQQHOLV'7KHPDWKHPDWL ILOWHU RUGHU LV GHVLJQHG DV  RUGHUV ZLWK D SDVVEDQG IUH
FDOGHULYDWLRQSURFHVVLVDVIROORZV TXHQF\RI0+]DVWRSEDQGIUHTXHQF\RI0+]DQGD
VWRSEDQG UHMHFWLRQ RI G%F ')7 LV SURJUDPPHG DFFRUGLQJ
\N P V Q H MZN Q KQ WRWKHFODVVLFEDVHEXWWHUIO\RSHUDWLRQPRGHO7KHDGYDQWDJH
P'
Q
 RI WKLV PHWKRG LV WKDW LW FDQ SHUIRUP PXOWLFKDQQHO VHULDO
 f    FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ DW WKH VDPH WLPH 7KH V\VWHP FDQ
¦ V Q L H Z M N Q L
KL
Q
P' GLYLGH FKDQQHO $' GDWD LQWR WZR JURXSV IRU SURFHVVLQJ
, f  ZKLFKJUHDWO\UHGXFHVWKHWLPHDQGVSDFHUHVRXUFHRFFXSDWLRQ
'  f
P' MZN
P'
L'  S )LQDOO\ WKH FKDQQHOL]HG ZDYHIRUP VKRZQ LQ )LJ FDQ EH
¦¦V
S  , f 
 L'  S H 
K L'  S  REWDLQHG E\ GHEXJJLQJ RQ WKH VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ ERDUG 7KH
IRXUVLJQDOVDUHWKH,4FRPSRQHQWVRIWKHRGGDQGHYHQFKDQ
/HW L L WKHQ QHOV7KHLQSXWVLJQDOVRIWKHHLJKW$'FKDQQHOVDUHDOOFKLUS
VLJQDOV ZLWK D FHQWHU IUHTXHQF\ RI 0+]DEDQGZLGWKRI
0+]DQGDSXOVHZLGWKRIXV

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 23:23:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 5W $H MZQ7V u $H MZ Q  7V
$ $H MZ7V $ $H M S I IV
   

7KHDYDLODEOHIUHTXHQF\PHDVXUHPHQWIRUPXODLV  
 M 5 W IV ,P 5 W   
I u IV DUFWDQ 
)LJ &KDQQHOL]HGRXWSXW S S 5H 5 W

&7KUHVKROG(VWLPDWLRQDQG7DUJHW'HWHFWLRQ 7KH SKDVH GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ FKDQQHOVLV DOVR REWDLQHG E\

LPSOHPHQWLQJ DUFWDQ XVLQJ WKH &RUGLF NHUQHO 2QH FKDQQHO LV
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH V\VWHP LQGH[ WKH LQSXW VLJQDO LQ WKH IUH VHOHFWHG DV WKH GHWHFWLRQ FKDQQHO DQG WKH SKDVH GLIIHUHQFH
TXHQF\ UDQJHRI *+] WR *+]FDQEHHIIHFWLYHO\ RXWSXW EHWZHHQ WKH UHPDLQLQJ FKDQQHOV DQG WKH GHWHFWLRQ FKDQQHO LV
LQRQO\FKDQQHOVDIWHUEHLQJFKDQQHOL]HGE\FKDQQHOV,Q FDOFXODWHG
WKLV SURMHFWWKH FKDQQHOL]HGPLQLPXP SRZHUPHWKRGLV XVHG
WRREWDLQWKHQRLVHVDPSOLQJVLJQDOWKDWLVE\GHIDXOWDWOHDVW
RQH RI WKH HIIHFWLYH FKDQQHOV RI WKH V\VWHP KDV QR VLJQDO
DQGWKHORZHVWSRZHUDPRQJWKHFKDQQHOVLVVHOHFWHGDVWKH
QRLVH YDOXH ,Q RUGHU WR VXSSUHVV JOLWFKHV DQG RWKHU H[WHUQDO
LQWHUIHUHQFHV PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ LV SHUIRUPHG RQ WKH QRLVH DP
SOLWXGH 7KH V\VWHP VHOHFWV SRLQW PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ WKDW LV

WKHPHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ RXWSXW RIFRQVHFXWLYH SRLQWV LV XVHGDV
WKHDFWXDOQRLVHIORRUDPSOLWXGHRIWKHFXUUHQWVDPSOLQJSRLQW )LJ 6LJQDOGHWHFWLRQDQGSDUDPHWHUPHDVXUHPHQWUHVXOWV
7KH DPSOLWXGH RI WKH QRLVH IORRU LV PXOWLSOLHG ZLWK D SUHVHW
WKUHVKROGIDFWRUWRREWDLQDILQDOGHWHFWLRQWKUHVKROG+HUHWKH )LJ VKRZV WKH VLJQDO GHWHFWLRQ UHVXOWV 7KH ZDYHIRUPV
7UDQVODWH PRGH RI WKH &RUGLF FRUH LV XVHG WR VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ IURP WRS WR ERWWRPDUH $PS GHWHFWLRQ WKUHVKROG )UHT SXOVH
REWDLQWKHDPSOLWXGHDQGSKDVHRIWKHLQSXWFRPSOH[VLJQDO HQYHORSH SXOVH OHDGLQJ HGJH SXOVH WUDLOLQJ HGJH FKDQQHO
8VLQJWKHGHWHFWLRQWKUHVKROGREWDLQHGE\WKHDERYHPHWKRG ODEHODQG3:FRXQWYDOXH
WDUJHWGHWHFWLRQLVSHUIRUPHGRQHIIHFWLYHFKDQQHOV'XHWR
WKH RYHUODS RI WKH FKDQQHOV DQG WKH QRQLGHDOLW\ RI WKH ILOWHU ,9&21&/86,21 
WKH DPSOLWXGH DQG IUHTXHQF\ QHHG WR EH OLPLWHG DW WKH VDPH
WLPH ZKHQ WKH WDUJHW LVGHWHFWHG WKDW LVWKH VLJQDODPSOLWXGH 7KLV SDSHU LQWURGXFHV WKH GHVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D
QHHGV WR EH JUHDWHU WKDQ WKH WKUHVKROG DQG WKH IUHTXHQF\ LV VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ V\VWHP IRU D SDVVLYH VHHNHU 7KH PRGXODU
ZLWKLQWKHUDQJHRI“0+],QRUGHUWRUHGXFHWKHSURED GHVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ IURP VLJQDO VDPSOLQJ WR GLJLWDO
ELOLW\RIIDOVHDODUPVDGHWHFWLRQVWUDWHJ\LVDGRSWHGLQZKLFK FKDQQHOL]DWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ WR WDUJHW GHWHFWLRQ DQG VLJQDO SD
FRQVHFXWLYH 1 SRLQWV PHHW WKH GHWHFWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV DV WKH UDPHWHUH[WUDFWLRQLVFRPSOHWHG7KHHQWLUHV\VWHPXVHVDIRXU
WDUJHWOHDGLQJHGJHDQGFRQVHFXWLYH1SRLQWVGRQRWPHHWWKH FKDQQHO VHULDO SURFHVVLQJ PHWKRG ZKLFK RSWLPL]HV WKH FRQ
GHWHFWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV DV WKH WDUJHW EDFN HGJH 3DUDPHWHU VXPSWLRQ RI WLPH DQG KDUGZDUH UHVRXUFHV ,W ZDV ILQDOO\ LP
0HDVXUHPHQW SOHPHQWHG RQ D VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ ERDUG ZKLFK YHULILHG WKH
$V VKRZQ LQ )LJ WKH VLJQDO SDUDPHWHUV WKDW WKH V\VWHP IHDVLELOLW\RIWKHV\VWHP
QHHGVWRPHDVXUHLQFOXGHWLPHRIDUULYDO 72$ SXOVHZLGWK
3:  VLJQDO DPSOLWXGH $PS  VLJQDO IUHTXHQF\ )UHT  DQG 5()(5(1&(6
SKDVHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQFKDQQHOV
7KH PHDVXUHPHQW RI 72$ DQG 3: LV UHODWLYHO\ VLPSOH >@ = /LQ < : /LX DQG < &DR ³'HVLJQ RI 'LJLWDO 5HFHLYHU %DVHG RQ
)3*$´$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFVDQG0DWHULDOV  
:KHQWKHIURQWHGJHRIWKHSXOVHLVGHWHFWHGWKHZRUNLQJWLPH >@ : 5DR 7 < +XDQJ DQG * + 0L ³&RPSDULVRQ RI GHWHFWDELOLW\ RI
RI WKH FXUUHQW V\VWHP LV UHFRUGHG DV 72$ 3: FDQ EH PHDV UDGDUZDYHIRUPVXVLQJDGLJLWDOFKDQQHOL]HGUHFHLYHU´,(7,QWHUQDWLRQDO
XUHG E\ FRXQWLQJ WKH SXOVH HQYHORSH GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH IURQW 5DGDU&RQIHUHQFH,(7
DQGEDFNHGJHVRIWKHVLJQDO >@ 547LDQ&/LQDQG4%DR³&RKHUHQW,QWHJUDWLRQ0HWKRGRI+LJK
7KH PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH VLJQDO DPSOLWXGH KDV EHHQ LQWUR 6SHHG7DUJHWIRU)UHTXHQF\$JLOH5DGDU´,((($FFHVV  
>@ 0 5DR . . 1DLN DQG . 0 5HGG\ ³&RPSUHVVHG 6HQVLQJ 5DGDU
GXFHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQ7KHFKDQQHOL]HG,4FRPSRQHQW 6LJQDO 'HWHFWLRQ DQG 3DUDPHWHU 0HDVXUHPHQW IRU (: $SSOLFDWLRQV´
LVLQSXWWRWKH&RUGLFPRGXOHDQGWKHDPSOLWXGHYDOXHRIHDFK 5DGLR6FLHQFH  
VDPSOLQJSRLQWLVREWDLQHG >@ $ 9HUPD . -LDQ $ 0HKUD ³'HVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI  ELW
7KHPHDVXUHPHQWRIWKH)UHTXVHVWKHPHWKRGRISKDVHGH 9/,:PLFURSURFHVVRURQQPDQGQPWHFKQRORJLHV´,QWHUQDWLRQDO
OD\ GHWHFWLRQ WKDW LV WKH IUHTXHQF\ RI WKH VLJQDO LV REWDLQHG &RQIHUHQFHLQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6FLHQFH ,&,6 ,(((
>@ <:&KRL':.DQJDQG'..LP³'HVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SKDVH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ DGMDFHQW VDPSOLQJ RI KLJK VSHHG $' FRQYHUWHU XVLQJ WLPH LQWHUOHDYLQJ´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
SRLQWV /HW 5 W EH WKH FRQMXJDWH PXOWLSOLFDWLRQ RI DGMDFHQW &RQIHUHQFHRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\&RQYHUJHQFH
GDWDDIWHUFKDQQHOL]DWLRQWKHQ ,(((

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on June 18,2021 at 23:23:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.