Senior Citizen Full Body Check Up-Male (Comprehensive) :: MR Rajeev Tyagi
Senior Citizen Full Body Check Up-Male (Comprehensive) :: MR Rajeev Tyagi
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 02:25 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
RBC Parameters
Hemoglobin 16.4 g/dL 13.0 - 17.0
Cyanide free spectrophotometry
RBC Count 5.4 10^6/µl 4.5 - 5.5
Electrical impedance
PCV 48.8 % 40 - 50
Calculated
MCV 89.8 fl 83 - 101
Calculated
MCH 30.1 pg 27 - 32
Calculated
MCHC 33.5 g/dL 31.5 - 34.5
Calculated
RDW (CV) 15.7 % 11.6 - 14.0
Calculated
RDW-SD 40.3 fl 35.1 - 43.9
Calculated
WBC Parameters
TLC 6.7 10^3/µl 4 - 10
Electrical impedance and microscopy
Differential Leucocyte Count
Neutrophils 49 % 40 - 80
Flow-cytometry DHSS
Lymphocytes 40 % 25 - 35
Flow-cytometry DHSS
Monocytes 8 % 2 - 10
Flow-cytometry DHSS
Eosinophils 3 % 0-5
Flow-cytometry DHSS
Basophils 0 % 0-1
Flow-cytometry DHSS
Absolute Leukocyte Counts
Neutrophils. 3.28 10^3/µl 2-7
Calculated
Lymphocytes. 2.68 10^3/µl 1-3
Calculated
Monocytes. 0.54 10^3/µl 0.2 - 1.0
Calculated
Eosinophils. 0.2 10^3/µl 0.02 - 0.5
Calculated
Basophils. 0 10^3/µl 0.02 - 0.5
Page 1 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825757
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Whole blood EDTA
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 02:25 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Calculated
Platelet Parameters
Platelet Count 170 10^3/µl 150 - 410
Electrical impedance and microscopy
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) 9.9 fL 9.3 - 12.1
Calculated
PCT 0.2 % 0.17 - 0.32
Calculated
PDW 18.9 fL 8.3 - 25.0
Calculated
P-LCR 34.3 % 18 - 50
Calculated
P-LCC 58 10^9/L 44 - 140
Calculated
Mentzer Index 16.63
Interpretation:
CBC provides information about red cells, white cells and platelets. Results are useful in the diagnosis of anemia, infections, leukemias, clotting disorders and many
other medical conditions.
Page 2 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825757
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Whole blood EDTA
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 04:06 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
ESR is also known as Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. An ESR test is used to assess inflammation in the body. Many conditions can cause
an abnormal ESR, so an ESR test is typically used with other tests to diagnose and monitor different diseases. An elevated ESR may occur in
inflammatory conditions including infection, rheumatoid arthritis ,systemic vasculitis, anemia, multiple myeloma , etc. Low levels are typically
seen in congestive heart failure, polycythemia ,sickle cell anemia, hypo fibrinogenemia , etc.
Page 3 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825757
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Whole blood EDTA
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:00 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Interpretation For HbA1c% As per American Diabetes Association (ADA)
Reference Group HbA1c in %
Non diabetic adults >=18 years <5.7
At risk (Prediabetes) 5.7 - 6.4
Diagnosing Diabetes >= 6.5
Age > 19 years
Goal of therapy: < 7.0
Therapeutic goals for glycemic control
Age < 19 years
Goal of therapy: <7.5
Note:
1. Since HbA1c reflects long term fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration, a diabetic patient who is recently under good control may still have a high
concentration of HbA1c. Converse is true for a diabetic previously under good control but now poorly controlled. 2. Target goals of < 7.0 % may be beneficial in
patients with short duration of diabetes, long life expectancy and no significant cardiovascular disease. In patients with significant complications of diabetes,
limited life expectancy or extensive co-morbid conditions, targeting a goal of < 7.0 % may not be appropriate
Comments :
HbA1c provides an index of average blood glucose levels over the past 8 - 12 weeks and is a much better indicator of long term glycemic control as compared
to blood and urinary glucose determinations ADA criteria for correlation between HbA1c & Mean plasma glucose levels.
HbA1c(%) Mean Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) HbA1c(%) Mean Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)
6 126 12 298
8 183 14 355
10 240 16 413
Page 4 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825777
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : FLUORIDE F
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 02:55 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Glucose Fasting
Interpretation:
Status Fasting plasma glucose in mg/dL
Normal 70 - 100
Impaired fasting glucose 101 - 125
Diabetes ≥126
Comment :
Blood glucose determinations in commonly used as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Elevated glucose levels
(hyperglycemia) may also occur with pancreatic neoplasm, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal cortical hyper function as well as other disorders.
Decreased glucose levels (hypoglycemia) may result from excessive insulin therapy insulinoma, or various liver diseases.
Note
1.The diagnosis of Diabetes requires a fasting plasma glucose of > or = 126 mg/dL or a random / 2 hour plasma glucose value of > or = 200
mg/dL with symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
2.Very high glucose levels (>450 mg/dL in adults) may result in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Page 5 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
The liver filters blood, metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces blood clotting proteins. Liver cells contain enzymes that facilitate
these functions. When cells are damaged, enzymes leak into the blood, detectable through blood tests.
Blood proteins, albumin and globulin, are essential for growth, development, and health.
Page 6 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Lipid Profile
Interpretation:
Lipid level assessments must be made following 9 to 12 hours of fasting, otherwise assay results might lead to erroneous interpretation.
NCEP recommends of 3 different samples to be drawn at intervals of 1 week for harmonizing biological variables that might be encountered in
single assays.
National Lipid Association Recommendations Total Cholesterol Triglyceride LDL Cholesterol Non HDL Cholesterol
(NLA-2014) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL)
Optimal <200 <150 <100 <130
Above Optimal 100-129 130 - 159
Borderline High 200-239 150-199 130-159 160 - 189
High >=240 200-499 160-189 190 - 219
Very High - >=500 >=190 >=220
HDL Cholesterol
Low High
<40 >=60
Risk Stratification for ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) by Lipid Association of India.
Page 7 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
of end organ damage 3. CHD stage 3B or 4. 4 LDL >190 mg/dl 5. Extreme of a single
High Risk
risk factor 6. Coronary Artery Calcium - CAC > 300 AU 7. Lipoprotein a >/= 50 mg/dl
8. Non stenotic carotid plaque
Moderate Risk 2 major ASCVD risk factors
Low Risk 0-1 major ASCVD risk factors
Major ASCVD (Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) Risk Factors
1. Age >/=45 years in Males
&
3. Current Cigarette smoking or tobacco use
>/= 55 years in
Females
2. Family history of
4. High blood pressure
premature ASCVD
5. Low HDL
Newer treatment goals and statin initiation thresholds based on the risk categories proposed by Lipid Association of India
in 2020.
References : Management of Dyslipidaemia for the Prevention of Stroke : Clinical practice Recommendations from the Lipid Association
of India. Current Vascular Pharmacology,2022,20,134-155.
Page 8 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Increased CRP level:
1. A high or increasing amount of CRP in the blood suggests the presence of inflammation but will not identify its location or the cause.
2. Suspected bacterial infection—a high CRP level can provide indication that patient has an infection.
3. Chronic inflammatory disease—high levels of CRP suggest a flare-up if you have a chronic inflammatory disease or that treatment has not
been effective.
If the CRP level is initially elevated and drops, it means that the inflammation or infection is subsiding and/or responding to treatment.
Page 9 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Cardio CRP In mg/L Cardiovascular Risk
<1 Low
1-3 Average
3-10 High
>10 Persistent elevation may represent Non cardiovascular inflammation
Note: To assess vascular risk, it is recommended to test hsCRP levels 2 or more weeks apart and calculate the average
Comments:
High sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) significantly improves cardiovascular risk assessment as it is a strongest predictor of future
coronary events. It reveals the risk of future Myocardial infarction and Stroke among healthy men and women, independent of traditional risk
factors. It identifies patients at risk of first Myocardial infarction even with low to moderate lipid levels. The risk of recurrent cardiovascular
events also correlates well with hsCRP levels. It is a powerful independent risk determinant in the prediction of incident Diabetes.
Page 10 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Approximately 85% of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis have detectable RA. It may also be seen in other medical conditions like Sjogren’s
syndrome and SLE.
Page 11 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Low Values are a sign of a vitamin B12 deficiency. People with this deficiency are likely to have or develop symptoms.
Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include:Not enough vitamin B12 in diet (rare except with a strict vegetarian diet), Diseases that cause
malabsorption (for example, celiac disease and Crohn's disease), Lack of intrinsic factor, Above normal heat production (for example, with
hyperthyroidism), Pregnancy. Increased vitamin B12 levels are uncommon. Usually excess vitamin B12 is removed in the urine. Conditions
that can increase B12 levels include: Liver disease (such as cirrhosis or hepatitis), Myeloproliferative disorders (for example, polycythemia
vera and chronic myelocytic leukemia).
Vitamin B12: Low Levels can cause malabsorption, Lack of intrinsic factor, Above normal heat production (for example, with hyperthyroidism),
Pregnancy.High Level Liver disease, Myeloproliferative disorders (for example, polycythemia vera and chronic myelocytic leukemia).
1. Out of 140 healthy indian population, 91% of Vitamin B 12 concentrations was at lower level: 59.00 pg/ml and upper level: 700.00 pg/ml
"Patients on Biotin supplement may have interference in some immunoassays. Ref: Arch Pathol Lab Med—Vol 141, November 2017. With
individuals taking high dose Biotin (more than 5 mg per day) supplements, at least 8-hour wait time before blood draw is recommended."
Page 12 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy
Interpretation:
25-Hydroxy vitamin D represents the main body reservoir and transport form. Mild to moderate deficiency is associated with Osteoporosis /
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism while severe deficiency causes Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults. Prevalence of Vitamin D
deficiency is approximately >50% specially in the elderly. This assay is useful for diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency and Hypervitaminosis D. It
is also used for differential diagnosis of causes of Rickets & Osteomalacia and for monitoring Vitamin D replacement therapy.
Page 13 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Pregnancy Refrence Range TSH
1st Trimester 0 .1 - 2.5
2nd Trimester 0.2 - 3.0
3rd Trimester 0.3 - 3.0
Clinical Use:
1. Diagnose Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism
2. Monitor T4 therapy
3. Measure subnormal TSH levels
Increased TSH: Primary hypothyroidism, Subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH-dependent hyperthyroidism, Thyroid hormone resistance
Decreased TSH: Graves’ disease, Autonomous thyroid hormone secretion, TSH deficiency
Thyroid malfunction (hyper or hypo) affects T3 & T4 levels. Pituitary or hypothalamic issues also influence thyroid activity.
TBG levels are stable in healthy individuals but may be altered by pregnancy, estrogens, androgens, steroids, or glucocorticoids, causing inaccurate T3 & T4
readings.
TSH T4 T3 Interpretation
High Normal Normal Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism
High Low Low Or Nomral Hypothyroidism
Low Normal Normal Mild (subclinical) hyperthyroidism
Low High Or Normal High Or Normal Hyperthyroidism
Low Low Or Normal Low Or Normal Nonthyroidal illness; pituitary (secondary) hypothyroidism
Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (a mutation in the thyroid hormone
Normal High High
receptor decreases thyroid hormone function)
Page 14 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Testosterone Total
Interpretation:
Age in Years Reference Ranges ng/dL
Males 20-49 249 - 836
Males ≥ 50 years 193 - 740
Females 20-49 8.4 - 48.1
Females ≥ 50 2.9- 40.8
Note
1. All applications that require measurement of very low level of testosterone ( eg hypogonadal men, children, virilization or intersex disorders in women etc)
recommended test is Testosterone total, Ultrasensitive
2. LC-MS/MS is the gold standard for steroid hormone assays due to increased sensitivity & specificity as compared to immunoassays
Clinical Use
Assessment of testicular function in males
Increased levels
1. Precocious puberty (Males)
2. Androgen resistance
3. Testotoxicosis
4. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Decreased levels
1. Delayed puberty ( Males)
Page 15 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
2. Gonadotropin deficiency
3. Testicular defects
4. Systemic diseases
Page 16 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
Note :
1. This test is not recommended to screen Pancreatic cancer in the general population.
2. False negative/positive results are observed in patients receiving mouse monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis or therapy
3. This assay, regardless of level, should not be interpreted as absolute evidence for the presence or absence of malignant disease. The assay value should be used
in conjunction with findings from clinical evaluation and other diagnostic procedures.
4. Persistently elevated CA 19-9 levels are usually indicative of progressive malignant disease and poor therapeutic response
Clinical Use :
1. An aid in the management of Pancreatic cancer patients
2. Monitor the course of disease and predict recurrence in patients with Pancreatic carcinoma
DISEASE PERCENTAGE POSITIVITY OF CA 19.9
Pancreatic cancer 80
Hepatobiliary cancer 67
Colorectal cancer 30
Breast cancer 15
Pancreatitis 10-20
Page 17 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825778
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Serum
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 05:09 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Interpretation:
The level of serum IgE rises during childhood and reaches adult levels during the teens. IgE is the mediator of the allergic response. Patients with atopic disease,
including allergic asthama, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis commonly have moderately elevated serum IgE levels. Total serum IgE levels may also be
elevated in the presence of some clinical conditions that are not related to allergy. These clinical conditions include parasitic infections, immunodeficiency states,
autoimmune diseases, Hodgkins disease, bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, IgE myeloma, and Sezary syndrome.
Page 18 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825779
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Spot Urine
....
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 04:23 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Physical Examination
Volume 15 mL -
Colour Pale yellow - Pale yellow
Transparency Clear - Clear
Deposit Absent - Absent
Chemical Examination
Reaction (pH) 6.0 - 4.5 - 8.0
Double Indicator
Specific Gravity 1.025 - 1.010 - 1.030
Ion Exchange
Urine Glucose (sugar) Positive ++ - Negative
Oxidase / Peroxidase
Urine Protein (Albumin) Negative - Negative
Acid / Base Colour Excahnge
Urine Ketones (Acetone) Negative - Negative
Legals Test
Blood Negative - Negative
Peroxidase Hemoglobin
Leucocyte esterase Negative - Negative
Enzymatic Reaction
Bilirubin Urine Negative - Negative
Coupling Reaction
Nitrite Negative - Negative
Griless Test
Urobilinogen Normal - Normal
Ehrlichs Test
Microscopic Examination
Pus Cells (WBCs) 2-3 /hpf 0-5
Epithelial Cells 1-2 /hpf 0-4
Red blood Cells Absent /hpf Absent
Crystals Absent - Absent
Cast Absent - Absent
Yeast Cells Absent - Absent
Amorphous deposits Absent - Absent
Bacteria Absent - Absent
Protozoa Absent - Absent
Interpretation:
URINALYSIS- Routine urine analysis assists in screening and diagnosis of various metabolic, urological, kidney and liver disorders.
Protein: Elevated proteins can be an early sign of kidney disease. Urinary protein excretion can also be temporarily elevated by strenuous
exercise, orthostatic proteinuria, dehydration, urinary tract infections and acute illness with fever
Page 19 of 20
Patient NAME : Mr RAJEEV TYAGI
DOB/Age/Gender : 59 Y 9 M 26 D/Male Report STATUS : Final Report
Patient ID / UHID : 12592759/OF12592759 Barcode NO : RL01825779
Referred BY : Dr. rajeev tyagi Sample Type : Spot Urine
Sample Collected : May 28, 2025, 01:37 PM Report Date : May 28, 2025, 04:23 PM.
Test Description Value(s) Unit(s) Reference Range
Glucose: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to presence of glucose in urine. Other causes include pregnancy, hormonal disturbances,
liver disease and certain medications.
Ketones: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to presence of ketones in urine. Ketones can also be seen in starvation, frequent vomiting,
pregnancy and strenuous exercise.
Blood: Occult blood can occur in urine as intact erythrocytes or haemoglobin, which can occur in various urological, nephrological and
bleeding disorders.
Leukocytes: An increase in leukocytes is an indication of inflammation in urinary tract or kidneys. Most common cause is bacterial urinary tract
infection.
Nitrite: Many bacteria give positive results when their number is high. Nitrite concentration during infection increases with length of time the
urine specimen is retained in bladder prior to collection.
pH: The kidneys play an important role in maintaining acid base balance of the body. Conditions of the body producing acidosis/ alkalosis or
ingestion of certain type of food can affect the pH of urine.
Specific gravity: Specific gravity gives an indication of how concentrated the urine is. Increased specific gravity is seen in conditions like
dehydration, glycosuria and proteinuria while decreased specific gravity is seen in excessive fluid intake, renal failure and diabetes insipidus.
Bilirubin: In certain liver diseases such as biliary obstruction or hepatitis, bilirubin gets excreted in urine.
Urobilinogen: Positive results are seen in liver diseases like hepatitis and cirrhosis and in cases of haemolytic anaemia.
Page 20 of 20
Bio-Rad CDM System PATIENT REPORT
VII Inst. #1. SN-16361 V2TURBO_A1c_2.0
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
0.52
%A1c
10.0
A1c -
0.80
7.5
0.41
0.23
0.88
-
0.16
0.28
5.0
0.11
-
-
1.01
-
2.5
-
-
0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Time (min.)
Terms and Conditions of Reporting
1. The presented findings in the Reports are intended solely for informational and interpretational purposes by the
referring physician or other qualified medical professionals possessing a comprehensive understanding of
reporting units, reference ranges, and technological limitations. The laboratory shall not be held liable for any
interpretation or misinterpretation of the results, nor for any consequential or incidental damages arising from
such interpretation.
2. It is to be presumed that the tests performed pertain to the specimen/sample attributed to the Customer's name
or identification. It is presumed that the verification particulars have been cleared out by the customer or his/her
representation at the point of generation of said specimen / sample. It is hereby clarified that the reports
furnished are restricted solely to the given specimen only.
3. It is to be noted that variations in results may occur between different laboratories and over time, even for the
same parameter for the same Customer. The assays are performed and conducted in accordance with standard
procedures, and the reported outcomes are contingent on the specific individual assay methods and equipment(s)
used, as well as the quality of the received specimen.
4. This report shall not be deemed valid or admissible for any medico-legal purposes.
5. The Customers assume full responsibility for apprising the Company of any factors that may impact the test
finding. These factors, among others, includes dietary intake, alcohol, or medication / drug(s) consumption, or
fasting. This list of factors is only representative and not exhaustive.