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LIVING WORLD

Biology Smart Booklet

Theory + NCERT MCQs + NEET PYQs
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 THE LIVING WORLD

Physical and Biological Hierarchies

There is a physical (non-living) hierarchy and biological hierarchy in the
organization of living body. In physical hierarchy, various non-living components
aggregate to form compounds, which finally enter the living world in the form of
cells. These cells organize to form tissues, that form organs and several organs
combustive to form organ-systems. Finally, many organ systems organize and
form a living organism.

The properties of tissues are not present in the constituent cells but arise as a result
of interactions among the constituent cells. For example, bone is a hard tissue,
which provides framework to the body. But the cells present inside it do not have
this property. This phenomenon of interactions between various components of
the body results in the hierarchy of organization.

The various life processes are the result of this interaction and coordination. The
complexity in organization enables living organisms as to be self-replicating,
evolving, self-regulating and responding to external stimuli. All living organisms
along with their ancestors and descendants are linked to one another by sharing
of common genetic material in the form of DNA in varying degrees. This DNA is
responsible for the expression of specific traits in organisms. Thus, Biology is the
story of life on earth. It is the story of evolution of living organisms on the earth.

Taxonomic Categories
In 1956 the term Taxon was introduced and in 1964, Mayr defined taxon to be the
various categories based on different characters of the organisms that consist of
a taxonomic group of any rank.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Various organisms in different categories depending upon their common
characters to make classification easier. These groups together are called
taxonomic hierarchies. The taxonomic hierarchy includes. Kingdom, division of
the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Species are the
lowest while the kingdom is the highest rank within the hierarchy. It is also called
the Linnaean hierarchy as it was first proposed by Carolus Linnaeus, the Father of
Systematic Botany. The hierarchy includes seven obligate categories.

They are as follows:

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Species: It is the lowest category of the taxonomic hierarchy. There are around
8.7 million species observed on earth till now while their rest are left undiscovered.
It refers to a group of organisms that are similar in shape, form, generative options.
Species may be more divided into subspecies. It was first defined by Ernst Mayr in
1964 that the species are the interbreeding populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such groups. The term species was first introduced by the
biologist John Ray. E.g., sapiens.

Genus: A category that is placed above species as they consist of a group of

related species. Genus are of various types based on the number of species
present like monotypic (one genus present), and polytypic (several species
present). For e.g., the genus Panthera constitutes both lion and tiger.

Family: This taxonomic category consists of related genera having similar

characteristics. For e.g., the families Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, etc. come under
one order Carnivora.

Order or Cohort: This taxonomic category is more specific than the class as it
consists of one or more similar families. The class Mammalia consists of around
twenty-six orders that include primates, Carnivora, etc.

Class: It was the most general taxonomic category before the introduction of
phyla. In the animal kingdom, there are around 108 classes that include Pisces,
reptilia, aves, etc. The categories used in classification now are different from
those of the Linnaeus taxonomy.

Phylum: This category is more specific than the kingdom. In the animal kingdom,
there are around thirty-five phyla that include phylum Arthropoda, Chordata,
etc.

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 Kingdom: The highest level of classification is the kingdom which is further divided
into various subgroups. The total kingdoms of the living organisms are five in
number that includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Generic Name Specific Epithet Common Name

Mangifera indica Mango

Solanum tuberosum Potato

Solanum nigrum Nightshade
Panthera leo Lion
Panthera tigris Tiger
Homo Sapiens Man

Commo Biological Genus Family Order Class Phylum/Divisio

n Name Name n
Man Homo Homo Hominidae Primata Mammalia Chordata
sapiens
Housefl Musca Musca Muscidae Diptera Insecta Arthropoda
y domestic
a
Mango Mangifera Mangifer Anarcardiac Sapindal Dicotyledona Angiosperma
indica a eae es e e
Wheat Triticum Triticum Poaceae Poales Monocotyled Angiosperma
aestivum onae e

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS

What is living?
1. The characteristics of growth include Pg-3, Easy
A) increase in mass B) increase in number
C) increase in length D) both A. and B.
2. Unicellular organisms grow by Pg-4, Easy
A) cell elongation B) cell division
C) accumulation of material on the surface D) none of these
3. Mountains, boulders and sand mounds also grow, but they are not considered as living organisms
because they grow by Pg-4, Easy
A) Accumulation of material on their inner surface.
B) the division of their particles.
C) accumulation of material on their outer surface.
D) both A. and B.
4. Choose the correct statement about growth in plants. Pg-4, Easy
A) Growth occurs continuously throughout their lifespan by cell division.

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 B) The growth is seen only upto a certain age.
C) Growth occurs by the accumulation of material on the upper surface of their cells.
D) Growth occurs only in certain cells.
5. In yeast and Hydra, reproduction occurs by Pg-4, Easy
A) conjugation B) sporulation
C) budding D) none of these
6. The organism(s) that can multiply by fragmentation is/are Pg-4, Easy
A) fungi B) filamentous algae
C) protonema of moss D) all of these
7. In Amoeba, reproduction is synonymous with Pg-4, Easy
A) digestion B) growth
C) locomotion D) none of these
8. Living organisms that do not reproduce are Pg-4, Easy
A) mule B) worker bees
C) infertile human couples D) all of these
9. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below.
Pg-4, Medium
Column-I Column-II
(Organism) (Method of reproduction)
a Planaria (1) Fragmentation
b Hydra (2) Regeneration
c Fungi (3) Binary fission
d Amoeba (4) Budding
Codes
abcd abcd
A) 2 4 1 3 B) 4 2 3 1
C) 3 1 4 2 D) 1 3 2 4
10. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is Pg-5, Easy
A) anabolism B) catabolism C) metabolism D) none of these
11. An isolated metabolic reaction outside the body of an organism, performed in a test tube is
Pg-5, Easy
A) living B) non-living
C) neither living nor non-living
D) sometimes living and sometimes nonliving depending upon environmental factors
12. Choose the incorrect statement from the following: Pg-5, Easy
A) All living organisms exhibit metabolism.
B) Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in our body.
C) Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms.
D) Metabolic reactions cannot be demonstrated outside the body in cellfree systems.
13. Isolated metabolic reactions occurring invitro are not living things, but surely living reactions. It proves
that ‘A’ of the body is the defining feature of life forms. Here ‘A’ is Pg-5, Easy
A) reproduction B) cellular organization
C) metabolic reactions D) growth
14. Identify the defining characteristics of living organisms from the following. Pg-5, Easy
A) Growth B) Ability to make sound
C) Reproduction D) Response to external stimuli
15. Photoperiod affects Pg-5, Easy
A) reproduction B) metabolism
C) growth D) cellular organization
16. Living organisms respond to environmental stimuli which could be Pg-5, Easy
A) physical B) chemical C) biological D) all of these
17. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:
Pg- 3-5, Easy

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 Column-I Column-II
a Growth (1) Production of progeny
b Reproduction (2) Sum of all chemical reactions occurring
in body
c Metabolism (3) Sense and respond to environmental
stimuli
d Consciousness (4) Increase in mass and number
Codes
abcd abcd
A) 3 2 4 1 B) 4 1 2 3
C) 1 3 2 4 D) 2 4 3 1
18. All living organisms are linked to each other because Pg-5, Easy
A) they show a common cellular organization.
B) they possess common genetic material of the same type.
C) they share common genetic material but to varying degrees.
D) all of these.
19. Assertion: Non-living objects also grow.
Reason: They grow by accumulation of material on the surface. Pg-3, Medium
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
20. Assertion: Reproduction is not a defining property of living organisms.
Reason: Mules do not reproduce. Pg-4, Medium
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
21. Assertion: Non-living objects also exhibit metabolism.
Reason: Isolated metabolic reactions occurring, invitro are living things. Pg-5, Medium
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
Diversity in the living World
22. The process of naming of living organisms is called Pg-4, Easy
A) systematics B) taxonomy C) nomenclature D) none of these
23. Identification of an organism means Pg-4, Easy
A) its correct description B) its correct classification
C) its correct nomenclature D) all of these
24. ICBN stands for Pg-4, Easy
A) International Code for Biological Naming
B) International Centre for Botanical Nomenclature
C) Indian Code for Biological Nomenclature
D) International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
25. Choose the correct statement about scientific names. Pg-4, Easy
A) They ensure that each organism has only one name.
B) Description of any organism should enable the people to arrive at the same name.
C) They ensure that such a name has not been used for any other organism.
D) All of these.
26. The system of providing a name with two components is called Pg-4, Easy
A) trinomial nomenclature B) binomial nomenclature
C) uninominal nomenclature D) none of these

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27. The naming system, which is practised by biologists all over the world, was given by
Pg-4, Easy
A) Carolus Linnaeus B) Whittaker
C) Haeckel D) Woese
28. Match the Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below.
Pg-6, Difficult
Column-I Column-II
a Biodiversity (1) Correct description of an organism
b Nomenclature (2) The variety of living organisms
c Identification (3) A system of providing a name with two
components
d Binomial nomenclature (4) Naming of living organisms
Codes -
abcd abcd
A) 2 4 1 3 B) 4 3 2 1
C) 1 2 4 3 D) 3 1 4 2
29. Select correctly written scientific name of mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus.
Pg-7, Easy
A) Mangifera indica Car Linn. B) Mangifera indica Linn.
C) Mangifera indica D) Mangifera Indica
30. In Mangifera indica Linn., the specific epithet is Pg-7, Easy
A) Mangifera B) indica C) Linn. D) Both A. and B.
31. Choose the incorrect statement about rules of nomenclature. Pg-7, Easy
A) Biological names are generally given in Latin.
B) The first word in biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the
specific epithet.
C) When hand written, both words of biological names are separately underlined.
D) Both the words of biological name start with capital letter.
32. Which of the following is against the rules of ICBN? Pg-7, Easy
A) Handwritten scientific names should be underlined.
B) Every species should have a generic name and a specific epithet.
C) Scientific names are in latin and should be italized.
D) Generic and specific names should be written starting with small letters.
33. Biological names are generally written in Pg-7, Easy
A) Greek language B) Latin language
C) English language D) Hindi language
34. The process by which organisms are grouped into convenient categories based on some easily
observable characters, is called Pg-7, Easy
A) taxonomy B) identification
C) classification D) nomenclature
35. The scientific term used for the categories of organisms to study them is Pg-7, Easy
A) taxa B) biological name C) systematics D) none of these
36. The process of classification is called Pg-7, Easy
A) systematics B) taxonomy C) nomenclature D) identification
37. The modern taxonomic studies are based on Pg-8, Easy
A) cell structures B) external and internal structure
C) development process D) all of these
38. Among the following process which one is not the basic to taxonomy? Pg-8, Easy
A) Identification B) Classification
C) Collection of specimen D) Nomenclature
39. Systematics refers to Pg-8, Easy
A) diversities of different kinds of organisms and their relationship.
B) identification and study of organ systems of organisms.

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 C) identification and preservation of organisms.
D) study of habitat of organisms and their classification.
40. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below.
Pg-8, Difficult
Column-I Column-II
a Mammalia (1) Specific epithet
b Mangifera (2) Branch of study
c indica (3) Taxa
d Systematics (4) Generic name
Codes -
abcd abcd
A) 3 4 1 2 B) 2 1 3 4
C) 1 2 4 3 D) 4 3 2 1
41. Assertion: Binomial nomenclature given by Linnaeus is being practiced by biologists all over the world.
Reason: Each name of this system has two components, the generic name and the specific epithet.

Pg-8, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
42. Assertion: The process of classification of organisms is taxonomy.
Reason: It is merely based on the external features of organisms. Pg-7, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
43. Assertion: Systematics is the study of organisms, their diversities but not the relationships among them.
Pg-7, Medium
Reason: Systematics is derived from a English word ‘systema’.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Taxonomic Categories
44. All the taxonomic categories together constitute the Pg-8, Easy
A) taxon B) family C) kingdom D) hierarchy
45. The lowest taxonomic category is Pg-8, Easy
A) agenus B) species C) class D) family
46. The basic requirement for placing an organism in various categories is the knowledge of
Pg-9, Easy
A) characters of an individual B) characters of group of organisms
C) binomial nomenclature D) both A and B
47. Solanum includes species Pg-9, Easy
A) nigrum B) melongena C) tuberosum D) all of these
48. The taxonomic category, genus represents Pg-9, Easy
A) an individual organism B) a collection of organisms
C) a group of closely related species of organisms
D) none of these
49. Match Column-I and Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below.
Pg-9, Medium
Column-I Column-II
(Organism name) (Scientific name)
a Lion (1) Panthera tigris
b Leopard (2) Panthera leo
c Tiger (3) Solanum nigrum

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 d Potato (4) Panthera pardus
Codes -
abcd abcd
A) 2 4 1 3 B) 4 2 1 3
C) 1 2 4 3 D) 3 4 2 1
50. ‘Suffix’ used for a unit of classification in plants to indicate ‘family’ taxonomic category is
Pg-9, Easy
A) -ales B) –onae C) -aceae D) ae
51. The taxonomic category ‘order’ lies between Pg-10, Easy
A) Genus and species B) Genus and family
C) Family and class D) Class and phylum
52. Choose the incorrect statement from the following. Pg-9, Easy
A) Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets representing different organisms.
B) Potato and brinjal are two different species but both belong to the genus Solanum.
C) ‘Families’ are characterized on the basis of merely reproductive features of plant species.
D) ‘Order’ is a higher taxonomic category and is identified on the basis of aggregates of characteristics.
53. Fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds represent which taxonomic category? Pg-9, Easy
A) Class B) Phylum C) Order D) Kingdom
54. The ‘phylum’ taxon of animal classification is equivalent to which taxon of plant classification?
Pg-10, Easy
A) Class B) Division C) Order D) Family
55. Refer to the given figure showing hierarchical arrangement of taxonomic categories in the ascending
order. In the figure some taxa are labeled as A, B, C and D. Which taxon will show maximum similar
characters among its members? Identify it. Pg-10, Easy

A) B B) A C) C D) D
56. The kingdom that comprises all plants from various divisions is Pg-10, Easy
A) Plantae B) Animalia C) Chordata D) Mammal
57. Match the Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:
Pg-9-10, Difficult
Column-I Column-II
a Order (1) Solanum
b Kingdom (2) Solanaceae
c Family (3) Plantae
d Genus (4) tuberosum
e Species (5) Polymoniales
Codes
abcde abcde
A) 5 3 2 1 4 B) 4 2 5 3 1
C) 1 5 3 4 2 D) 3 4 1 5 2
58. In a taxonomic hierarchy, on moving from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics
Pg-9-10, Medium
A) will increase B) remain same C) will decrease D) may increase or decrease
59. Choose the correct statements from the following: Pg-9-10, Easy
I. In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are aligned to a higher category called phylum.
II. Sub-categories have also been developed in the taxonomic hierarchy to facilitate more sound and
scientific placement of various taxa.
III. Class includes related orders.
IV. Convolvulaceae family is included in polymoniales order on the basis of its floral characters.
Select the correct option.

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 A) I and IV B) II and III C) II, III and IV D) All of these
60. Match Column-I with Column-II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes
given below. Pg-9-10, Medium
Column-I Column-II
a Family (1) Diptera
b Order (2) Arthropoda
c Class (3) Muscidae
d Phylum (4) Insecta
Codes
abcd abcd
A) 4 3 2 1 B) 4 2 1 3
C) 3 1 4 2 D) 3 2 4 1
61. Assertion: Genus may have one or more than one species epithets.
Reason: Genus comprises a group of related species. Pg-9, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
62. Assertion: Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
Reason: Plant family polymoniales is included in the order solanaceae based on the floral characters.
Pg-9, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
63. Assertion: Wheat belongs to the family poaceae.
Reason: Wheat is a member of order poales. Pg-9, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
64. Which of the following options represents the correct classification for the given animal?
Pg-11, Difficult

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

A) Chordata Vertebrata Chiroptera Felidae Canis Tigris
B) Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera Tigris
C) Vertebrata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera Tigris
D) Mammalia Felidae Carnivora Feliaceae Panthera Leo
Taxonomical Aids
65. Taxonomic studies of various organisms are useful in Pg-11, Easy
A) agriculture B) forestry C) industry D) all of these
66. Taxonomic studies require Pg-11, Easy
A) correct classification
B) correct identification of organisms
C) intensive laboratory and field studies

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 D) all of these
67. A store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets is a
Pg-11, Easy
A) herbarium B) botanical garden
C) zoological park D) catalogue
68. Among the following, which information is not provided by the herbarium sheet about a plant?
Pg-12, Easy
A) Collector’s name B) Place of collection
C) Economic importance of plant species D) Botanical name of the plant
69. The specialized gardens having collections of living plants for reference are Pg-12, Easy
A) Herbarium B) Botanical gardens
C) Zoological parks D) Museum
70. Match the Column-I and Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:
Pg-12, Easy
Column-I Column-II
a Kew Botanical Garden (1) Dehradun
B Indian Botanical Garden (2) Lucknow
c National Botanical Research Institute (3) England
d Forest Research Institute (4) Howrah
Codes -
abcd abcd
A) 3 4 2 1 B) 4 2 3 1
C) 1 3 4 2 D) 2 1 3 4
71. National Botanical Research Institute is situated at Pg-12, Easy
A) Howrah B) Lucknow C) Dehradun D) Delhi
72. Choose the incorrect statement from the following: Pg-12, Easy
A) Herbarium is a storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on
sheets.
B) Herbaria serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.
C) Botanical gardens have collection of preserved plant materials also.
D) Indian Botanical Garden is situated at Howrah, India.
73. Biological museums have collection of Pg-12, Easy
A) preserved plant specimens B) preserved animal specimens
C) live plants and animals D) both A and B
74. Insects are preserved in insect boxes Pg-12, Easy
A) in preservative solutions B) after stuffing
C) after collecting, killing and pinning D) as skeletons
75. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:
Pg- 11-12, Difficult
Column-I(Organism) Column-II (Method of preservation)
a Birds (1) Skeleton
b Human (2) Preservative solution
c Insects (3) Stuffing
d Small animals (4) In boxes after killing and pinning
Codes -
abcd abcd
A) 3 1 4 2 B) 4 3 2 1
C) 1 2 3 4 D) 2 4 1 3
76. The place where wild animals are kept in protected environment is Pg-13, Easy
A) botanical garden B) zoological park
C) museum D) herbarium

77. Zoological parks are commonly known as Pg-13, Easy

A) museum B) garden C) zoo D) none of these

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78. Zoological parks and botanical gardens have a collection of Pg- 12-13, Easy
A) exotic living species only B) endemic living species only
C) both A and B D) only local plants and animals
79. Plants and animals are identified by key on the basis of their Pg-13, Easy
A) morphology B) anatomy
C) similarities and dissimilarities D) all of these
80. The keys are based on contrasting characters generally in a pair called Pg-13, Easy
A) couplet B) doublet C) triplet D) all of these
81. The contrasting characteristics generally in a pair used for identification of animals in Taxonomic key
are referred to as Pg-13, Easy
A) Lead B) Couplet C) Doublet D) Alternate
82. Taxonomic key is used in the preparation of the Pg-14, Easy
A) monographs B) flora C) both A and B D) none of these
83. Each statement of the key is called a Pg-13, Easy
A) couplet B) lead C) monograph D) none of these
84. Match items given in Column-I with those in Column-II and select the correct option given below.
Pg- 12-14, Difficult
Column-I Column-II
a Herbarium (1) It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals.
b Key (2) A list that enumerates methodically all the species
found in an area with brief description aiding identification.
c Museum (3) It is a place where dried and pressed plant specimens
mounted on sheets are kept.
d Catalogue (4) A booklet containing a list of characters and their alternates
which are helpful in identification of various taxa.
Codes –
abcd abcd
A) 1 4 3 2 B) 3 2 1 4
C) 2 4 3 1 D) 3 4 1 2
85. Choose the correct statements about taxonomic keys. Pg- 13-14, Easy
I. It is used for the identification of only plants.
II. Each statement in the key is called a lead.
III. No separate taxonomic keys are required for different taxonomic categories.
A) II and III B) I and II C) III and I D) II only
86. Among the following which one is not a taxonomic aid? Pg-14, Easy
A) Flora B) Manual C) Taxon D) Key
87. Among the following which one contains information on any one taxon? Pg-14, Easy
A) Flora B) Monograph C) Manual D) Catalogue
88. Assertion: Herbarium is a storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved
on sheets.
Reason: Herbaria serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies. Pg-14, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

89. Assertion: Museums have collection of live plants and animals.

Reason: In museums, as far as possible, conditions similar to their natural habitat are provided.
Pg-14, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
90. Assertion: The taxonomical keys are based on the contrasting characters.

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 Reason: Each statement in the key is called a couplet. Pg-14, Medium
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

1. Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:
[2018]
Column I Column II
A. Herbarium I. It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals.
B. Key II. A list that enumerates methodically all the species found in an area with brief
description aiding identification.
C. Museum III. It is a place where dried and pressed plant specimens mounted on sheets are kept.
D. Catalogue IV. A booklet containing a list of characters and their alternates which are helpful in
identification of various taxa.
(a) A – I; B – IV; C – III; D – II (b) A – III; B – II; C – I; D – IV
(c) A – III; B – IV; C – I; D – II (d) A – II; B – IV; C – III; D – I
2. Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules
of nomenclature? [2016]
(a) Biological names can be written in any language.
(b) The first word in a biological name represents the genus name, and the second is a specific epithet.
(c) The names are written in Latin and are italicised.
(d) When written by hand, the names are to be underlined.
3. It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because [2016]
(a) it is easier to carry a small body weight.
(b) smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate.
(c) small animals have a lower O2 requirement.
(d) the efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small animals.
4. Select correctly written scientific name of Mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus
(NEET-2019)
(a) Mangifera indica Car. Linn. (b) Mangifera indica Linn.
(c) Mangifera indica (d) Mangifera Indica
5. The contrasting characteristics generally in a pair used for identification of animals in Taxonomic Key
are referred to as : (NEET-2019 ODISSA)
(a) Lead (b) Couplet (c) Doublet (d) Alternate

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 NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – ANSWERS
1) D 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) D 7) B 8) D 9) A 10) C
11) C 12) D 13) B 14) D 15) A 16) D 17) B 18) C 19) A 20) A
21) D 22) C 23) D 24) D 25) D 26) B 27) A 28) A 29) B 30) B
31) D 32) D 33) B 34) C 35) A 36) B 37) D 38) C 39) A 40) A
41) A 42) C 43) D 44) D 45) B 46) D 47) D 48) C 49) A 50) C
51) C 52) C 53) B 54) B 55) B 56) A 57) A 58) C 59) B 60) C
61) A 62) C 63) B 64) B 65) D 66) D 67) A 68) C 69) B 70) A
71) B 72) C 73) D 74) C 75) C 76) B 77) C 78) C 79) C 80) A
81) B 82) C 83) B 84) B 85) D 86) C 87) B 88) D 89) C 90) C

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4(2) 5(2)

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS

1. (c) Herbarium is a place where dried and pressed plant specimen mounted on sheets are
kept systematically.
Key is the Identification of various taxa. Museum is an institution where plant and
animal specimen are exhibited to public. A collection may include scientific specimen
works of arts etc. Catalogue is an alphabetical listing of species.

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2. (a) Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving
each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms,
although they can be based on words from other languages.
3. (b) Basal metabolic rate is inversely proportional to body size. So, smaller animals have a
higher metabolic rate. Hence, production of energy is more.

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