TRADE PROJECT

PROJECT TITLE: MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION

PRESENTED BY: GEOFREY OTIENO ASANYO

INDEX NUMBER: 6161040048

COURSE CODE: 1305

COURSE: CERTIFICATE IN PLUMBING

SUPERVISOR: JOHN NDURURU

CENTER NAME: SIGALAGALA NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

PRESENTED TO: KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIN COUNCIL FOR

THE AWARD OF CERTIFICATE IN PLUMBING

 DECLARATION
I have declared that this is my original work and it has not been presented to any other examining
body for the award of craft certificate in plumbing.
NAME: GEOFREY OTIENO ASANYO
SIGN: __________________________
DATE: __________________________

SUPERVISOR
NAME: JOHN NDURURU
SIGN:__________________________
DATE:__________________________

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 DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this project to my dear family members, relatives and friends who have
extremely supported me with all necessary health funding both financially and spiritually support
while undertaking may learn activities move so when writing the project. Lastly I dedicate to my
contractor who assisted me to acquire plumbing skills.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to acknowledge my trainee Mr. John Ndururu for the tireless effort in guiding me during
the entire period of performing the project.
I also acknowledge my classmates for the cooperation we had while working toward the success
of the project.
Lastly I wish to acknowledge God for giving me good health and energy us perform this project.

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 ABSTRACT
A good draining system should be accessible for inspection and clearing, manholes are
constructed in drainage system orderly for accessing and inspecting the drainage system. This
project has been designed to assist appreciate the importance of proper design and construction
of manholes on the key drainage requirement.

Contents
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DECLARATION...............................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................1
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM..........................................................................................................1
1.2 AIMS OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE.......................................................................................................................1
1.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT............................................................................................................1
1.3.1 FINACIAL CONSTRAINS....................................................................................................................1
1.3.2 TIME FACTOR..............................................................................................................................1
1.3.3 AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS...........................................................................1
1.4 EQUIPMENT USED.............................................................................................................................2
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT.....................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................3
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................................3
2.1 BACKGROUND I NFORMATION..........................................................................................................3
2.2 EXISTING OFFICE TOOLS....................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................4
3.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................4
3.1 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................4
3.2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS.................................................................................................................4
3.3 TASKS.................................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................5
4.0 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION VIEW OF A MODERN MANHOLE................................................................5
PROVIDE PLAN AND ELEVATION VIEW....................................................................................................6
4.1 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................7
4.2 RECOMMENDATION..........................................................................................................................7
4.3 REFERENCE........................................................................................................................................8

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
A good drainage system must have a mean of access for inspection and clearing blockages of
drains usually results from the molecules of the salutary facility and if not remove may cause
flooding of sewage or open ground. Building regulation requires manhole on drains or private
sewer at the following parts;
(i) Change of direction.
(ii) Change of gradient.
(iii) On drain with 12.5 m from the joint.
(iv) At the highest point of the drainage.
(v) Every 90m along a strait runs of a drain in private sewer.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

With the current situation flooding of sewage in open grounds can be health hazard to public
health apart from providing means of access to the drainage system. Manhole are also points of
installation for renovation of the system.

1.2 AIMS OF THE PROJECT

1.2.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To enhance inspection and cleaning.

 To facilitate treatment of waste water.

 To enhance accessibility of the draining system.
 To ensure proper drainage.
1.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.3.1 FINACIAL CONSTRAINS
It was difficult to get the financial to facilitate my project to a completion. The purchase of
current water proof and sand was expensive hence it was a big challenge to me.

1.3.2 TIME FACTOR

It took me a lot of time during the study and data analysis from the researching contacts on how
to come up with a well-designed manhole.
1.3.3 AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
The construction material for the materials was not easy to get e.g. some materials like cement
and basemesh were expensive and easily accessed.

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1.4 EQUIPMENT USED
Most of the equipment’s were not in good condition thus lead to struggle when working
with them. Equipment’s like trowels, jembes and plumb bob had broken handles and
some ropes were worn out. I therefore decided to repair them fast hence the maintained
and repair took a lot of time it was costly in term of funding the project.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project will cover the following areas, materials and equipment used in the design,
cutting hits, and produce for constructing, drawing of the design, safety precautions and a
proposed budget for the design.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 BACKGROUND I NFORMATION
Shallow manhole which one sometimes called inspection chambers may be built on 113mm of
brick wall work providing that they are not in a road or water logged ground.
2.2 EXISTING OFFICE TOOLS
They are as follows;
 Trowels
 Spirit levels
 Spade
 Jembe
 Plumb bob
 Float

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 INTRODUCTION
I carried out the project in two major steps namely;
 Research of existing design.
 Project design.
3.1 METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS
The materials I used to cater for my project were as follows;
 Bricks
 Cement
 Sand
 Ballasts
 Man hole cover
3.2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
The tools and equipment’s I used to cater for my project were as follows;
 Spade
 Trowel
 Plumb bob
 Spirit level
 Building spring
 Tape measure

3.3 TASKS
1. Excavating of ground to house the manhole.
2. Laying of concrete bed 1:3:6 mix.
3. Building of walls with provision for inlet and outlet drains.
4. Placing of concrete for benching.
5. Benching of the manhole.
6. Pasting of the upper walls of the manhole.
7. Pasting of the top part of the manhole with cover frame in position.
8. Covering of the manhole with appropriate manhole cover.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION VIEW OF A MODERN MANHOLE

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PROVIDE PLAN AND ELEVATION VIEW

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4.1 CONCLUSION
The construction of their manhole was not easy because of the construction tools are inadequate
in the collage workshop. Many students were in need of the few working tools we have in our
workshop. The material and machine used for construction was difficult to find them upon
completion of manhole was tested and the flow was found to be desired and the outcome part of
the project was nice and presentable in the modern designing field.
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
I highly recommend to our institution to purchase more working tools in our workshop so as to
serve more students and also to do the same on machine and equipment to improve skill of
students.

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4.3 REFERENCE
During the desingin and construction of my manhole I met some reference from;
 Bulding construction, principle and practise; Denis Walton 1995.
 International students education revise; PP/09.