Here are 100 questions of all types from Chapter: Light – Reflection and Refraction

(Class 10 Science), covering all key concepts, diagrams, numericals, and HOTS:

🔹 I. Objective Type Questions (1 mark each)

1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ______.

2. The image formed by a plane mirror is always ______.
3. Concave mirrors can form ______ images.
4. Convex mirrors are used as ______ mirrors.
5. The SI unit of focal length is ______.
6. If the focal length is positive, the lens is ______.
7. Real images are always ______.
8. Which mirror always forms virtual, erect, and diminished images?
9. The radius of curvature is ______ times the focal length.
10. Light travels in a ______ line.

🔹 II. Very Short Answer Questions (1-2 marks)

11. Define reflection of light.

12. What is the principal axis of a mirror?
13. Write the mirror formula.
14. Define refractive index.
15. Name the lens that always forms virtual images.
16. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
17. Write one use of concave mirror.
18. What is lateral inversion?
19. State the laws of reflection.
20. What is the magnification produced by a plane mirror?

🔹 III. Short Answer Questions (3 marks)

21. Differentiate between real and virtual images.

22. What are the uses of convex mirrors?
23. Explain the formation of image by a concave mirror when the object is at the center of
curvature.
24. Draw a ray diagram for refraction through a glass slab.
25. Explain why a pencil in water appears bent.
26. Derive the mirror formula.
27. Why do we prefer concave mirrors for shaving?
28. Explain lateral inversion with the help of a diagram.
29. Define power of a lens and write its unit.
30. What happens when light passes from air into glass?
🔹 IV. Long Answer Questions (5 marks)

31. Describe image formation by concave mirror for different positions of the object.
32. Derive the lens formula and explain the sign convention.
33. Describe refraction through a convex lens with ray diagrams.
34. What is total internal reflection? Explain with examples.
35. Explain the working of the human eye in terms of refraction.
36. A concave mirror and a convex lens both have a focal length of 20 cm. Compare their
image formation.
37. Explain the real and apparent depth phenomenon.
38. Describe the construction and working of a periscope.
39. Discuss the application of reflection and refraction in optical instruments.
40. Write the differences between convex and concave lenses (at least five).

🔹 V. Numerical Problems (3–5 marks)

41. A concave mirror has a focal length of 15 cm. Find the image distance for an object
placed 30 cm from the mirror.
42. An object is placed at 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find the
image distance.
43. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. Where should an object be placed to get a
real image at 20 cm?
44. An object 5 cm tall is placed at 25 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.
Find the size of image.
45. A lens forms an image 30 cm from the lens when the object is placed at 15 cm. Find
the focal length.
46. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. What is the speed of light in glass? (Speed in
vacuum = 3×10⁸ m/s)
47. An object is placed 10 cm in front of a lens and forms an image 20 cm behind. Find
focal length.
48. A convex mirror produces an image half the size of the object at 10 cm. Find the focal
length.
49. An object 2 cm tall is placed 20 cm from a concave mirror. The image is inverted and
4 cm tall. Find magnification.
50. A lens has a power of +4D. Find its focal length and type.

🔹 VI. HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills)

51. Why can’t a convex mirror form a real image?

52. Why do we prefer convex mirrors in vehicles?
53. Why is a concave mirror used in solar cookers?
54. Why does a coin appear raised in a glass of water?
 55. Can a concave lens form a real image? Why/why not?
56. Why does light bend when it enters a different medium?
57. Can a virtual image be formed on a screen? Why not?
58. Why do stars twinkle but planets do not?
59. Why does the sky appear blue due to light behavior?
60. What would happen if the refractive index of water and air were the same?

🔹 VII. Match the Following

61. Convex mirror – Used in vehicles

62. Concave mirror – Used in shaving
63. Plane mirror – Lateral inversion
64. Convex lens – Converging lens
65. Concave lens – Always virtual image

🔹 VIII. Fill in the Blanks

66. The center of a spherical mirror is called the ______.

67. A lens that diverges rays is called a ______ lens.
68. Refractive index = speed of light in vacuum ÷ ______.
69. Convex mirror always gives a ______ image.
70. In concave mirror, if the object is beyond C, the image is formed ______.

🔹 IX. True/False

71. A concave mirror always forms a virtual image.

72. The image formed by a plane mirror is inverted.
73. Power of convex lens is positive.
74. Speed of light increases when it goes from glass to air.
75. A concave lens always forms an enlarged image.

🔹 X. Assertion & Reasoning

76. A: Concave mirror can form real images.

R: Concave mirrors converge light rays.
77. A: Plane mirror forms real and inverted image.
R: Plane mirrors show lateral inversion.
78. A: Convex mirror has positive focal length.
R: Convex mirror is diverging.
 79. A: Refractive index is always more than one.
R: Speed of light is always less in medium than vacuum.
80. A: Convex lens is also called converging lens.
R: It brings parallel rays to a focus.

🔹 XI. Diagram-Based Questions

81. Draw ray diagram for image formation by concave mirror for an object at infinity.
82. Draw image formation by convex mirror for any position.
83. Show refraction through a convex lens.
84. Draw a labeled diagram of a ray passing through glass slab.
85. Show image formation by a concave lens.

🔹 XII. Application-Based Questions

86. Why do opticians use concave mirrors?

87. Why are convex mirrors safer for rear view?
88. Why are objects in mirrors closer than they appear?
89. How does a lens help in correcting vision?
90. How do telescopes use mirrors and lenses?

🔹 XIII. Mixed Numericals

91. A lens forms an image twice the size of object at 20 cm. Find object distance.
92. Find image distance when object is at 10 cm from concave lens of f = -15 cm.
93. Light travels from air (n = 1.0) to glass (n = 1.5). Find speed in glass.
94. A convex mirror produces image at 6 cm for an object 12 cm in front. Find f.
95. Find the power of a lens whose focal length is 25 cm.

🔹 XIV. Practical / Real-Life Based

96. Why do our legs appear shorter in water?

97. Why are shop mirrors usually convex?
98. Why does a spoon appear bent in water?
99. Why are magnifying glasses convex lenses?
100. How do optical fibers work using refraction?
Concave Mirror-Based HOTS Numericals

1. A 3 cm tall object is placed 18 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. Find
the nature, position, and size of the image.
2. An object is placed between the focus and pole of a concave mirror. Prove that the
image is virtual and magnified.
3. A concave mirror forms a 4x magnified real image of an object 5 cm tall. The image
is 20 cm from the mirror. Find object distance and focal length.
4. If a concave mirror forms a virtual image 10 cm behind the mirror and the object is 5
cm tall placed 6 cm in front, calculate the mirror’s focal length.
5. A concave mirror is used in a torch to produce a parallel beam. At what distance from
the mirror should the bulb be placed?

Convex Mirror-Based HOTS Numericals

6. A 2 cm tall object is placed 10 cm from a convex mirror. The focal length is 15 cm.
Find the position, nature, and size of the image.
7. A convex mirror produces an image at 6 cm behind it when the object is 12 cm in
front. Find its focal length.
8. Prove that the magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than 1 using
an example.
9. A convex mirror is used in a shop’s security system. It forms a ⅓ sized image. If the
object is 30 cm in front, find image distance and focal length.
10. A vehicle’s convex mirror shows a car appearing at 20 cm. If its real distance is 60
cm, calculate magnification and focal length of the mirror.

Lens-Based HOTS Numericals

16. A convex lens forms an image 30 cm from it when the object is at 15 cm. Find focal
length and nature of image.
17. A concave lens always forms virtual images. Prove this numerically for an object
placed at 20 cm with f = -10 cm.
18. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Where should the object be placed to get
an image of equal size?
19. A 5 cm tall object is placed 10 cm from a convex lens of f = 15 cm. Find image
distance and size.
20. An image formed by a lens is real, inverted, and 3x magnified. The image is 60 cm
behind the lens. Find object position and focal length.
Lens Power and Combination

21. Find the power of a convex lens with focal length 25 cm.
22. A lens has power -2.5 D. Find its focal length and nature.
23. Two lenses of powers +2 D and -4 D are placed in contact. Find the power and focal
length of the combination.
24. A person uses a spectacle lens of power +1.5 D. What is the focal length?
25. Two lenses of +5 D and +10 D are used together. An object is placed 30 cm from the
combination. Find image position.

Magnification-Based Analysis

31. An object is placed 25 cm in front of a concave mirror. It forms an image 75 cm

away. Find magnification and nature of the image.
32. A lens forms an image 2x the object size. If the object is 10 cm from the lens, find
focal length.
33. An image is virtual, erect, and 0.25 times the object size. What kind of lens or mirror
can produce this?
34. If an image is three times the object and inverted, what type of lens is used, and what
is the object distance for a focal length of 20 cm?
35. A student claims a concave mirror forms a virtual image larger than the object. Justify
with calculation.

Application-Based HOTS Numericals

36. A solar cooker uses a concave mirror with radius of curvature 1 m. Find the focal
length and position of the food vessel.
37. A dentist uses a concave mirror to magnify teeth 3 times. If focal length is 15 cm, find
the object distance.
38. A car’s rear-view mirror is convex with f = 20 cm. Find the image of a vehicle 100 m
away.
39. A flashlight uses a concave mirror with f = 10 cm and a bulb at focus. Describe the
nature and direction of the beam.
40. A camera uses a convex lens of power +20 D. Find image position for an object 5 cm
away.

Multi-Step or Combined Concept HOTS

41. A light ray enters glass at 30° to normal. If angle of refraction is 20°, find refractive
index.
 42. A convex lens forms an image 50 cm away when the object is at 10 cm. Find focal
length and type of image.
43. Light travels from air into a medium and slows down by 25%. Find refractive index of
the medium.
44. The apparent depth of a fish in water is 0.75 m. Real depth is 1 m. Find refractive
index.
45. A convex lens forms an image 4x the object on a screen 100 cm away. Find object
position and focal length.

Challenging Word Problems

46. A candle 6 cm tall is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror. It forms an inverted

image 18 cm tall. Find mirror's focal length.
47. A lens forms an erect image 3 times the size of object 12 cm from the lens. Find focal
length and image position.
48. A ray of light refracts from glass to water. n_glass = 1.5, n_water = 1.33. If it enters at
45°, find angle of refraction.

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