République Du Cameroun Republic Of Cameroon

Paix -Travail -Patrie Peace - Work - Fatherland

****** *******
Université De Yaoundé I University Of Yaoundé I
Sapienta – Collativia - Cognito Sapienta – Collativia - Cognito
******** *******
Ecole Nationale Supérieure National Advanced School Of
Polytechnique De Yaoundé Engineering
******** *******
Département De Mathématiques Department Of Mathematics
Et Sciences Physiques And Physical Sciences
******* *********

ENGLISH PRESENTATION
CODE: STI1012-1

THEME: THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

N0 NAMES REGISTRATION NUMBER

1 ATONFACK NGUEDON ORCHELLE CINDY 24P541

2 AVOM SONDJA GUY MARCEL 24P028

3 BELINGA ANGELE BENJAMINE 24P044

4 BIKOI NKOTHE ROGER BIENVENU 24P053

Examiner: Mr. MBIBAH

Academic year: 2024 - 2025

 TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………………………………………………2

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….…………………. 3

I. TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ………………………………………….…4

II. ADVANTAGES OVER FOSSIL FUELS…………………………………….……6
III. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS……………………………………….……7

CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………………….8

2
 INTRODUCTION

Today, the world is facing many big problems. One of the most important problems is
how to protect the environment while still helping people live better lives. Many countries use
a lot of energy for things like driving cars, lighting homes, and running factories. Most of this
energy comes from oil coal, and gas, which are called fossil fuels. These sources of energy
pollute the air, cause climate change, and will one day run out.

To solve this problem, we need to find better way to get energy-ways that are clean, safe,
and will last for a long time. This is where renewable energy comes in. Renewable energy
comes from natural sources like the sun, wind, water and plant. These sources never run out
and do not harm the planet. The help us protect nature and give people the energy they need.

In this text, we will look at how renewable energy helps the planet and support
sustainable development. We will see how it can create jobs, improve health, and make life
better for future generation

3
 I. TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

There are different kinds of renewable energy. Each one comes from nature and does not
run out. Here are the main types:

 Solar Energy: it comes from the sun. We use special panels called solar panels to
catch sunlight and turn it into electricity. It is clean and works well in sunny places.

 Wind Energy: it comes from the wind. Large machines called wind turbines use the
power of the wind to make electricity. It is a good choice in areas where the wind
blows a lot.

 Hydropower (Water Energy): it uses moving water, like rivers or dams, to create
electricity. It is one of the oldest and most used types of renewable energy.

4
  Biomass Energy: it comes from plants, wood and even food waste. These materials
are burned or changed into fuel. It is renewable because plants can grow again.

 Geothermal Energy: it comes from heat inside the Earth. In some places, we can use
this heat to warm homes or produce electricity. It works well in areas with hot
underground rocks or hot springs.

All these types of energy are better for the planet than fossil fuels. They help reduce
pollution and protect nature. That is why they are so important for the future.

5
 II. ADVANTAGES OVER FOSSIL FUELS

 Better for the Environment

Renewable energy does not pollute the air or water. Fossil fuels (like oil, coal, and gas)
release harmful gases that cause air pollution and climate change. Renewable energy is clean and
safe for nature.

 Never Runs Out

Sun, wind, and water are always available. Fossil fuels will one day run out because they take
millions of years to form. Renewable energy is unlimited.

 Fights Climate Change

Burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide (CO₂), a gas that makes the Earth hotter.
Renewable energy creates little or no CO₂, so it helps slow down global warming.

 Creates Jobs and Helps the Economy

Renewable energy industries (like solar and wind) create many new jobs for people. Building
and maintaining clean energy systems helps the economy grow.

 Improves Health
Fossil fuel pollution can cause breathing problems, heart disease, and other health issues.
Renewable energy keeps the air and water clean, which is better for everyone’s health.

 Energy Independence
Countries can use their own natural resources (like sunlight or wind) instead of buying fossil
fuels from other countries. This makes them more independent and secure.

6
 III. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS

 Weather Dependence
Some renewable sources depend on the weather. For example, solar panels need sunlight,
and wind turbines need wind. If the sun does not shine or the wind does not blow, they may
not produce enough energy.

 High Initial Cost

Building solar panels, wind turbines, or hydroelectric dams can be expensive at the
beginning. Even though they save money later, the first investment is high.

 Energy Storage Problems

Renewable energy is not always available all the time. We need good batteries or storage
systems to keep extra energy for use when the source is not active, like at night or on cloudy
days.

 Takes a Lot of Space

Wind farms and solar power plants need a lot of land or space to produce enough energy,
which can be a problem in crowded areas.

 Not Available Everywhere

Some places do not have strong wind, enough sunlight, or access to rivers for hydropower.
This makes it harder to use certain types of renewable energy in every region.

 Technology and Infrastructure

Many countries still need better technology and systems (like smart grids) to use
renewable energy well. Building this takes time and money.

These challenges are real, but scientists and engineers are working hard to solve them.
Even with some problems, renewable energy is still a much better and cleaner choice for the
future.

7
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, renewable energy is very important for the future of our planet. It helps
us fight pollution and climate change. It also gives people clean and safe energy that will not
run out. Renewable energy supports sustainable development by protecting nature, helping the
economy, and improving people's lives. If we all work together and use more renewable
energy, we can build a better world for ourselves and for the children of tomorrow. The time
to act is now, and renewable energy gives us the chance to create a cleaner, safer, and brighter
future.