Grade 10, Unit 5 - Operating Systems
Computer is a collection of
1. HARDWARE -things we can see touch and devices with shapes
2. SOFTWARE -The set of instructions that we give to the computer to
achive a specify task
3. FIRMWARE-The instructions permanently stored at the ROM in order
to basic functioning of the computer just like booting.
SOFTWARE
System software Application software
1. Operating Systems 1.Ms Word
2. Utility software 2.Ms Excel
3. Language Translators 3.paint
Eg- Assembler 4.photoshop
Compiler etc
Interpreter
Operating System creates a bridge between other software and
hardware by managing them.
Hardware Operating Systems software
(And also it makes the connection between the user and the
computer.) Input/Output/memory management is the main
function.
Utility software helps to analyze other software and to maintain
the computer
Eg.Antivirus software, screen saver, disk formatting etc
Language Translators translates the codes of a computer
programme that is made of collection of instructions to machine
language.Then only the machine can understand the instructions.
Types of Operating Systems
1..Windows 4.Android(mobile phones)
2.Mac 5.Hanthana linux(Srilankan)
3.Ubuntu
Different Categories of Operating Systems
1.Single user – only one user
2.Multi User – so many users
3.Multi Function – so many functions (downloading/copying/typing etc)
4.Real time – responds at the same time(ATM)
Services of an Operating System
1.Controling Devices
Process management
Memory management
Device management
File management
Security management
Network management
Process management
Managing the time of the CPU, memory of the space for the relevant
process is calling Process management. And also to identify input
output methods and continue the process like taking aprintout can be
considered as Process management. For that there should be a process
of a function.
Memory management
The data we entered, keep until it sends to the CPU in the memory. And
also the information we processed send to the output like monitor or
printer and stored the in the secondary memory is calling Memory
management.
Device management
When controlling devices, needs to have device controllers for the
hardware and device drivers for the software.For a example printers,
we should install device drivers to get the better usage of the printer.
File management
When storing data and information in the computer better to have files
and folders. Then it is easy to manage them like
finding/deleting/renaming/etc.
Security management
Protecting from various threats is also a major duty of an OS just like
virus threats.
Network management
Supplying facilities to manage the network is calling Network
management.Eg:Sharing resources like printers, Cloud Computing,
Remote accessing
2.Providing interfaces
There are 2 types of interfaces.
1.Command line Interface-CLI
Earlier Computers used this method to give instructions, by using
command prompt.But it is difficult and not userfriendly.eg.MS Dos OS
2.Graphical User Interface-GUI
Easy to handle this interface and very user friendly. It provides 4 main
options
WIMP 1.Windows 2.Icons 3.Menu 4.Pointer
UTILITY SOFTWARE
To work efficiently and to protect from various threats it has included
utility softwares to the operating systems.
1.Backups - to keep extra copy
2.Disk Scanning - to check the disks for errors
3.Disk defragmentation - to find the free spaces of disks(when we save
something ,It saves in different places of the disk.Getting them close
and find the missing space is calling Disk defragmentation
4.Compress softwares - WINRAR
5.Task Manager-By pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete at once we can end the
performing tasks before stuck the machine.
6.Ientifying network failures
7.Antivirus softwares
8.screen savers
9.Disk Partitioning - to divide the disk into several parts like D:/ E:/
10.Disk formatting - make the disk ready to work
File extensions
Word-.doc excel-.xls powerpoint-.ppt access-.db pictures-
.jpeg/.bmp
