2016 paper 1

1. What is an argument? How inductive arguments differ from deductive arguments. Elucidate
with the help of examples.

2. What is a proposition, and how is it different from a sentence? Also discuss the different types
of propositions with the help of examples.

3. How do informal (linguistic) fallacies differ from formal fallacies? Explain any five informal
fallacies, giving examples in support.

4. Write a detailed note on the nature, importance and scope of logic.

5. What is symbolic logic? Discuss conjunction, disjunction and implication with the help of
examples and indicating their respective symbols.

6. Discuss in detail the nature of scientific theory.

7. Write short notes on any two of the following:

2016 paper 2

1.​ Give an account of Idealism in early British philosophy.

2.​ Elaborate the difference between Pragmatism of Peirce and Pragmatism of William
James.

3.​ Discuss at length Ibn.i.Sina's contribution in Psychology.

4.​ Critically evaluate Principle of Verifiability as presented by Logical

5.​ According to Marxist philosophy the political and historical events result from the conflict
of social forces that are caused by material needs.

6.​ Iqbal's philosophy essentially revolves around the issue of the progression of human
beings, or the rise of the "self" or "ego" --- the Iqbalian khudi. Explain.
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7.​ A person who has the capacity of 'natural intelligence' and 'religious
integrity' must study philosophy; says Ibn .i. Rsuhd. Discuss.

8.​ Write a comprehensive note on Shah Wali Ullah's philosophy of history.

2016 IR

Q. No 2.
Pakistan Participation in the Cold War as a US Frontline state against Eastern Block determined
the Course of Present history and established an unopposed US hegemony. Discuss

Q. No 3.
Discuss in detail the First Discipline Defining Debate of International Relations between
"Idealists" and "Realists".

Q.No 4.
Elaborate in detail the intellectual, political and economic revolutions in Europe that led to
establishment of the State system and Capitalist world economy.

Q. No.5.
What is meant by "Nationalism"? Discuss Nationalism as an ideology and as a Social Movement
that determined the political boundaries of the World.

Q. No.6.
Describe in detail the Sources of "International Law".

Q.No.7
"Imperialism is the Highest Stage of Capitalism". Discuss in detail Lenin's theory of Imperialism.

Q.No.8
Evaluate the performance of the United Nations since 1945.

2018 IR PMS

Question 1.
Critically analyze the Josephs Nye's concept of "Soft Power" in
International Relations.

Question II.
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"Nationalism is neither inherently good nor bad, it is only a concept that can be used to achieve
good or evil ends". Elucidate.

Question III.
Balance of power is a state of stability between the competing forces, it is an equilibrium among
states or alliances to prevent any other entity to becoming too strong. In light of this statement
elaborate that how equilibrium was maintained by Great Powers during the cold war era?

Question IV.
The direct cause of World War I was the assassination of "Archduke Franz Ferdinand".
However historians feel that a number of factors contributed to the rivalry between Great powers
that led to war on such a wide scale. Comment please.

Question V.
Discuss the emergence of ISIS and its impact on National, regional and international peace and
security.

Question VI.
There may be a possible trade war between the USA and China that would rattle certain
American businesses and force consumers to pay more for products. Discuss the term trade
war and elaborate on why Trump is targeting China?

Question VII.
There are two school of thoughts regarding the conjecture of
globalization. First of the view that it is blessing and a tool for prosperity, other
of the view that it is a tool of frustration. Please elaborate.

Question VIII.
Highlight the provisions of Geneva Convention on Prisoners of
War.

2022 IR PMS

Q. 1 Critically examine if the Ukraine War is a local affair or a competition between the
two superpowers, and how it is to impact European unity. Give arguments and examples
to justify your answer.

Q.2 Discuss the salient features of US Indo-Pacific Strategy enunciated in February 2022.
Analyze its implications for the South Asian Security Environment with particular
reference to Pakistan.
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Q.3 The trade war between the US and China has jeopardized the global economic order
impacting all regions and states; Pakistan caught between these two global powers is
likely
to be affected the most. Analyze Pakistan's predicament and suggest policy options to
safeguard its national security objectives.

Q.4 In the Realist prism 'State' is the legitimate actor in the international system but the
emergence of Non-State Actor (NSA) has greatly impacted the global order; Taliban are
governing Afghanistan without recognition and Hezbollah is a major stakeholder in
Lebanon. Analyze the impact of NSA on global strategic environment with solid
arguments arid valid examples.

Q.5
The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has global outreach in Asia, Africa and Europe
at the cost of US hegemony. Discuss its main objectives and analyze challenges and
prospects of its success.

Q.6
The Abraham Accords was designed to normalize relations between Israel and the Arab
World; however, except for few Arab States the idea has not received popular support
among the public and leaders. Critically examine the implications of this Accord on
Palestinian issue.

Q.7
The Covid pandemic has introduced the concept of 'New Normal' in the psycho-social
attitudes of the public across the globe. Discuss the impact of this concept on the
individuals
and society with special reference to Pakistan.

Q.8 Climate Change has assumed alarming situation to impact the entire globe, but many
states
are least concerned to this security threat. Analyze this non-traditional security issue and
its possible impact on global warming.

EVERYDAY SCIENCE PMS PPRS

Q. 3 (a) What is Dengue fever? How does it spread? Describe its history and remedial
measures. (10 marks)

(b) Discuss the causes of Earthquakes, its prediction and management programs to combat
them. (10 marks)

Q. 4 (a) What are steroids? Explain their uses and misuses. (10 marks)

(b) What is soil salinity? How does it affect the production of crops and sustenance of forests?
(10 marks)

Q.5 Write note on any four of the following: (05 marks each)

(a) Fog and smog (b) Clothing (c) Deforestation and afforestation (d) Systolic and diastolic blood
pressure (e) Step down transformer

Q. 6 (a) What are narcotics? How are narcotics affecting the young generation? Give general
tests for any one narcotic. (10 marks)

(b) Differentiate between ceramics and organic polymers. Discuss the manufacturing and use of
ceramics as thermistors and super conductors. (10 marks)

Q. 7 (a) What are pesticides? Classify pesticides with examples. How do they enhance water
pollution? (10 marks)

(b) Differentiate between fission and fusion reactions. What type of reactions are occurring on
the surface of the sun? (10 marks)

2022 PPR

Q1.
(a) Write the contributions of at least five Muslim Scientists in the field of science. (10)

(b) Briefly explains the impact of science on society with practical examples from
everyday life. (10)

Q2.
Explain the following
(4+4+4+4+4)
(i)
Astronomy
(ii)
Solar System
(iii)
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Solar system units

Q3.
(a) What do you mean by energy? Explain the law of conservation of energy and write the
various available
sources of energy in Pakistan. (10)

(b) What is renewable energy and how many different types of renewable energy are
there? Elaborate each type
of renewable energy with example. (10)

Q4..
(a) what do you mean by ceramics? Write various types and uses of ceramics in the
modern technological word. (10)

(b) What is a computer? Write the different input and output devices of a computer. Also
explain the difference
between hardware and software with suitable examples. (10)

Q5. Write short notes on the following

Q6.
(a) Explain the structure and types of a Cell in Biology with diagrams. (10)

(b) what do chromosomes mean? Explain the function of chromosomes in the human
body. (10)

Q7.
(a) Differentiates between animals and plants in detail. (10)
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(b) Explain the DNA and RNA. (10)

Q8.
(a) Describe the function of arteries, veins, and capillaries. (10)

(b) Explain the cardiac cycle in detail. (10)

2018 PPR PMS

Q.No.1
(a).Briefly describe the services of biology for mankind.

(b).Define: Genetics, Ecology and Biotechnology. (10+10)

Q.No.2:
(a).Describe the function of arteries, veins and capillaries.
b. Explain in detail the cardiac cycle.
(10+10)

(4 marks each)
Q.No.3:
Differentiate between:
a. DNA and RNA
b. Climate and Weather
c. Phenotype and genotype
d. Fertilizer and Pesticides
e. Microscope and Telescope

Q.No.4: What is food poisoning? Give its symptoms and causes. (20)

Q.No.6: Write short notes on any TWO of the following;

a.​ Black Hole

Q.No.7: Differentiate between a camera and a human eye. Describe the working principle
of a camera. (20)

Q.No.8: What are lipids? Describe different types as per their classification. (20)