GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAIPUR
LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION
PRESENTED BY
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
According to Levis
ETIOLOGY
1. Allergic reactions
2. Upper Airway infection
3. Foreign body partials
4. Collection of Infected Material
throat debris
5. Peritonsilar Abscess
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
It occurs when you're exposed to the allergen
and congestion in the sinuses drains down the
throat. This causes tickling or soreness.
Seasonal allergies can also make it difficult to
swallow. This inflammation can lead to
narrowing of the esophagus, and laryngeal
edema which can lead to difficulty swallowing.
UPPER AIRWAY INFECTION
An upper respiratory
infection affects the upper part of
respiratory system, including
sinuses and throat and laryngeal
area Upper respiratory infection
symptoms include a runny nose,
sore throat and cough.
FOREIGN BODY PARTIALS
Foreign bodies in the throat. A
foreign body in the throat can
cause choking and is a medical
emergency that needs immediate
attention.
THROAT DEBRIS
Tonsil stones form when debris, such as food,
dead cells, bacteria, and other substances,
becomes trapped on the tonsils. The debris
hardens as calcium builds up around it, forming
tonsil stones. These stones are also called
“tonsil calculi” or “tonsilloliths.” They are
usually visible as white or yellowish lumps.
PERITONSILAR ABSCESS
Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) refers
to pus collection between the
tonsillar capsule and the
pharyngeal constrictor muscle
infection spread laryngeal area
and bacteria invasion
ETIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors such as allergic reaction ,bacterial
infections.
Antigens enter body through the nose and mouth
Antigen and antibodies reaction and release the inflammatory
mediators
Swelling of the laryngeal mucous membrane
Obstruction of the larynx
Leading to life threatening condition hypoxia or suffocation
• 1. Agitation- anxiety or
nervous excitement.
• 2. Headache
• 3. Fatigue
• 4. Breathing difficulty
• 5. Change consciousness level
6. Wheezing sound
• 7. High pitch breathing sound
• Investigations
• H/T
• P/E
• CBC
• X-ray, MRI,CT SCAN
• Laryngoscopy
MANAGEMENT
• Medical management
• Pharmacological
• Surgical management
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• To identification of causative
agents.
• To give antibiotics agents
• To give anti-inflammatory drugs
• To give analgesic drugs
• To give oxygen therapy
• Emergency tracheotomy
PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
• Antibiotics drugs - penicillin used to
manage and treat a wide range of
infections.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs- Ibuprofen is
used to relieve pain Acetaminophen
can also be combined with other active
ingredients in medicines that treat
allergy, cough,
• Aspirin for pain relief
• Antihistamines: Epinephrine
injection An antihistamine
blocks the histamine receptor
and reduces respiratory allergy
symptoms. Decongestants:
These reduce congestion.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1. Tracheostomy
2. Cricothyrotomy
TRACHEOSTOMY
A tracheostomy is an opening
created at the front of the neck so
a tube can be inserted into the
windpipe (trachea) to help you
breathe. If necessary, the tube can
be connected to an oxygen supply
and a breathing machine called a
ventilator.
CRICOTHYROTOMY
Cricothyrotomy (also called
cricothyroidotomy) is a procedure
that involves placing a tube
through an incision in
the cricothyroid membrane (CTM)
to establish an airway for
oxygenation and ventilation.
COMPLICATION
Respiratory failure.
Arrhythmias.
Cardiac arrest.
Death.
