Review: Chapter 11

2) Which element of motivation is a measure of intensity or drive?

A) direction
B) energy
C) persistence
D) achievement

3) The direction of an individual's motivation can be channeled to benefit ________.

A) only an organization
B) both individuals and/or organizations
C) only an individual
D) an individual's family only

4) Motivation is a process that leads to a goal.

A) TRUE By definition, motivation is the process by which a person applies persistent,
energized efforts in pursuit of a goal. Diff: 1 Objective: 11.1 Learning Outcome: Summarize the
major theories of motivation and discuss factors that can affect motivation within an organization
B) FALSE
11) Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ________.
A) all needs are equal
B) all needs are important
C) needs are satisfied sequentially
D) needs are never truly satisfied

13) According to Maslow, a person stranded on a desert island would ________ before he or she
worried about making weapons.
A) look for other people
B) build a house
C) start a family
D) establish his or her status on the island

14) An individual who wants to buy a home in a neighborhood with a low crime rate is satisfying
which need?
A) esteem
B) safety
C) physiological
D) self-actualization

15) Maslow argued that once a need is substantially satisfied, ________.

A) the next need becomes dominant
B) individuals no longer require that need
C) that need continues to be the primary motivation of an individual
D) it becomes a higher-order need

23) Theory X assumes that people work hard when they ________.
A) are closely controlled
B) enjoy a sense of accomplishment
C) are not compensated

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D) experience a sense of fairness

26) Workers with a Theory X point of view would be most likely to respond to ________.
A) kindness
B) a hands-off approach
C) fear of losing their job
D) freedom to modify their job

27) Workers with a Theory Y point of view would be likely to ________.

A) just want to collect a paycheck
B) love their job more than the money they make
C) avoid work unless rewards were high
D) avoid responsibility for their actions

28) According to Herzberg, which kinds of characteristics are most closely associated with job
dissatisfaction?
A) intrinsic things that come from within themselves
B) extrinsic things that come from the outside
C) lack of advancement
D) the goals of the job

31) According to Herzberg, favorable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel ________.
A) satisfied
B) not dissatisfied
C) dissatisfied
D) indifferent

33) According to Herzberg, when an extremely dissatisfied employee gets an improved salary
and working conditions, he or she ________.
A) becomes more motivated and more satisfied
B) becomes less motivated and less satisfied
C) becomes more dissatisfied, and his or her motivation increases
D) becomes less dissatisfied, and his or her motivation is unaffected

43) Which one of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close
interpersonal relationships?
A) need for achievement
B) need for power
C) need for fulfillment
D) need for affiliation

45) Why are individuals with a high nAch not the most successful managers?
A) They are concerned more about effectiveness than efficiency.
B) They are more focused on organizational goals than their own desires for promotion.
C) They focus too much on their own goals rather than the goals of others.
D) They can easily be distracted by trying to build a better mousetrap.

83) Equity theory is based primarily on ideas about which of the following?

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A) objectivity
B) the importance of work
C) fairness
D) automation

84) Equity theory recognizes that individuals are concerned with ________.
A) making enough money to live on
B) employers sharing profits
C) comparing their rewards to those of others
D) justice for all people who work

85) Equity theory uses the ratio of outcomes you get from your job to the amount of ________.
A) input you put into your job
B) outcome a referent gets from a job
C) benefit you get from your job
D) compensation you get from your job

89) Inequity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio ________ that of the referent.
A) is greater than but not less than
B) is less than but not greater than(
C) is equal to
D) is greater than or less than

90) Equity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio ________ that of the referent.
A) is greater than
B) is less than
C) is equal to
D) is greater than or less than

96) In equity theory, an under-rewarded individual is likely to ________.

A) have high motivation to show his or her value to the organization
B) lack motivation because he or she does not receive enough reward for what he or she does
C) have just the right motivation to get the job done
D) have high motivation due to high self-esteem

103) If salespeople in John's company meet their sales goals for the month, they are given an all-
expense-paid trip to a Denver Broncos football game. Football is not one of John's favorite
sports, and the Denver Broncos are definitely not John's favorite team. John's performance might
be influenced by the ________ part of Vroom's expectancy theory.
A) effort-performance linkage
B) performance-reward linkage
C) effort-reward linkage
D) attractiveness

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 Review: Chapter 12
1) Because leading is one of the four basic managerial functions, ________ leaders.
A) all managers are
B) all managers should be
C) some managers are
D) some managers should be

3) Leadership identifies a process while leader identifies a person.

A) TRUE
B) FALSE

5) Early leadership trait research looked to find characteristics that might ________.
A) distinguish ordinary leaders from great leaders
B) define charisma
C) identify the physical traits of leaders
D) differentiate leaders from non-leaders

6) Leaders are ________.

A) individual people, while leadership is a process
B) the first step in the leadership process
C) individual people who study the leadership process.
D) the final step in the leadership process.

8) Which one of the following is NOT one of the eight traits associated with leadership?
A) drive
B) intelligence
C) introversion
D) job-relevant knowledge

9) Why was the trait theory of leadership mainly unsuccessful?

A) Researchers were not able to identify a set of traits that always differentiated a leader from a
nonleader.
B) Organizations found the trait theory of leadership too expensive to implement due to the high
costs of testing potential leaders.
C) Research has shown that leadership traits are gender specific, so the process of choosing
leaders based on traits is discriminatory.
D) Too much emphasis was placed on personality traits rather than physical traits, which have
been found to successfully predict leadership.

10) Behavioral theories of leadership focused on ________.

A) who effective leaders were
B) what characteristics effective leaders had
C) how to identify effective leaders
D) what effective leaders did

12) The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT
________ leadership.
A) laissez-faire

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B) democratic
C) benevolent
D) autocratic

13) Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?
A) cultural style
B) autocratic style
C) democratic style
D) laissez-faire style

14) Jared's boss encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process but does not
give them complete freedom to do as they like. She has this kind of leadership style.
A) monarchial
B) autocratic
C) laissez-faire
D) democratic

15) Monica's boss allows her to make any decision she thinks is important on the spot without
consulting anyone. The style of leadership demonstrated by Monica's boss is ________.
A) laissez-faire
B) autocratic
C) democratic
D) hands-on

16) The University of Iowa studies indicated that the ________ style was the most successful
leadership style.
A) autocratic
B) laissez-faire
C) combination of autocratic and laissez-faire
D) democratic

23) Jamiel is always busy, working diligently every day in pursuit of the organization's goals. He
often comes up with new ideas to streamline production, reducing both time and effort in the
manufacture of the product. Jamiel is exhibiting the ________ characteristic of leadership.
A) job-relevant knowledge
B) drive
C) extraversion
D) intelligence

24) Although her ideas don't always work out, Carlotta never doubts herself. Her coworkers
would follow her into the fire and back out because they trust her judgment. Carlotta displays the
leadership characteristic of ________.
A) self-confidence
B) desire to lead
C) extraversion
D) intelligence

46) The key to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership is to match ________.

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A) leader and follower
B) leader and leadership style
C) leadership style and follower
D) leadership style and situation

50) The ________ dimension reflects the degree of trust and respect subordinates had for their
leader in Fiedler's model.
A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) task structure
D) effectiveness

51) Your boss has total control over hiring, firing, and promotions in your department.
According to Fiedler's ratings of the situation, your boss has ________.
A) low position power
B) high position power
C) high task structure
D) low task structure

52) Jobs in a firm are quite informal. Workers are versatile and switch tasks and responsibilities
depending on the situation. In Fiedler's model, this firm would be said to have ________.
A) good leader-member relations
B) high position power
C) high task structure
D) low task structure

56) In the situational leadership theory (SLT), readiness is defined as ________ to perform a
task.
A) the ability
B) the willingness
C) both the ability and willingness
D) the motivation one has

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