Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  30

cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUvi ev †bUIqv‡K©iB wbR¯^ wbivcËv e¨e¯’v _v‡K, †KD †hb †mB
wbivcËvi †`qvj †f‡O XzK‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi †Póv Kiv nq| wbivcËvi G A`„k¨ †`qvj‡K
dvqviIqvj ejv nq| cÖvq me‡ÿ‡ÎB mwVK cvmIqvW© †`qvi ciI GKRb‡K XzK‡Z †`qv nq
bv| GKUv we‡kl †jLv c‡o †mwU UvBc K‡i w`‡Z nq| GKRb mwZ¨Kvi gvbyl †hwU mn‡RB
eyS‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ GKwU hš¿ ev †iveU Zvi g‡g©v×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| gvbyl Ges hš¿‡K
Avjv`v Kivi GB c×wZ‡K ejv nq captcha| g¨vjIq¨vi GK ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi, hv wKbv Ab¨
mdUIq¨vi‡K Kvw•¶Z Kg©m¤úv`‡b evavi m„wó K‡i| evav Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi
ev Gwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi Df‡qi Rb¨B n‡Z cv‡i| ïay †h evavi m„wó K‡i Zv bq, †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv g¨vjIq¨vi e¨enviKvixi Kw¤úDUv‡i iwÿZ Z_¨ Pzwi K‡i| ÿwZKi mdUIq¨v‡qii D‡Ïk¨
ZLbB mdj nq, ZLb †mwU‡K ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq bv| GRb¨
A‡bK ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi fv‡jv mdUIq¨v‡ii QÙvei‡Y wb‡R‡K Avovj K‡i iv‡L| e¨enviKvix
mij wek¦v‡m †mwU‡K e¨envi K‡i| we‡k¦i ÿwZKviK fvBivm I g¨vjIq¨v‡ii g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv : †eªBb, wf‡qbv, †RiæRv‡jg, wcscs, gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv, WvK© G‡fÄvi,
wmAvBGBP (†Pi‡bvwej) fvBivm, A¨vbvKzwb©‡Kvfv, †KvW †iW Iqvg©, wbgWv,
Wvc‡ivwm Iqvg© BZ¨vw`|
n¨vwKs ej‡Z †evSv‡bv nq mswkøó KZ…©c‡ÿi ev e¨envKvixi webv AbygwZ‡Z Zvi
Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g ev †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek Kiv| hviv GB KvR K‡i _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq
Kw¤úDUvi n¨vKvi ev n¨vKvi| `yb©xwZ K‡i Avw_©K †jb‡`b Kiv n‡j †mwU Z_¨fvÊv‡i P‡j
Avm‡Q Ges ¯^”QZvi Kvi‡Y †mwU Ab¨‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y
`yb©xwZcivqY e¨w³ wKsev cÖwZôvb A‡bK mg‡qB Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq bv|
DBwKwjKm bvgK GKwU cÖwZôvb GB ai‡bi KvR K‡i mviv c„w_ex‡Z Av‡jvob m„wó
K‡i‡Q| eo eo ivóª ch©šÍ †bUIqvK©wfwËK †QvU †QvU GB ai‡bi msMVb‡K mgxn Ki‡Z ïiæ
K‡i‡Q| Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡b Z_¨ ej‡Z †Kv‡bv KZ…©c‡ÿi MVb, KvVv‡gv I `vßwiK Kg©KvÊ
msµvšÍ †h‡Kv‡bv ¯§viK, eB, bKkv, gvbwPÎ, Pzw³, Z_¨-DcvË, jMeB, Av‡`k, weÁwß, `wjj,
bgybv, cÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, wnmve weeiYx, cÖKí cÖ¯Íve, Av‡jvKwPÎ, AwWI, wfwWI,
Aw¼ZwPÎ, wdj¥, B‡jKUªwbK cÖwµqvq cÖ¯‘ZK…Z †h‡Kv‡bv Bb÷ªy‡g›U, hvwš¿Kfv‡e
cvV‡hvM¨ `wjjvw` Ges †fŠwZK MVb I ˆewkó¨ wbwe©‡k‡l Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨en e¯‘ ev
G‡`i cÖwZwjwc AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. †KvbwU ÿwZKi mdUIq¨vi? 3. Shaymol 4. Piku2014

K gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©  †UªvRvb nm© 4. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †Kvb
M ¸Mj †µvg N gwRjv dvqvid· cvmIqvW©wU †ewk Dc‡hvMx?
2. Gw_K¨vj n¨vKvi Kv‡`i‡K ejv nq? K 1 ˜ 2 M 3 N 4
K eø¨vK-n¨vU n¨vKvi  †nvqvBU-n¨vU 5. Dc‡hvMx cvmIqvW©wU Qvov Ab¨¸‡jv
n¨vKvi e¨envi Ki‡j
M eøy-n¨vU n¨vKvi N †MÖ-n¨vU n¨vKvi i. A‡b¨iv mn‡RB cvmIqvW©wU †R‡b †h‡Z
3. cvmIqvW© wbivcËvq Avgv‡`i cv‡i
i. `xN© cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e ii. †MvcbxqZv bó n‡Z cv‡i
ii. RwUj ai‡bi cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e iii. cvmIqvW© g‡b ivLv KwVb n‡Z cv‡i
iii. wbqwgZ cvmIqvW© cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ki ˜i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Ki Li I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 6. †Zvgvi Kw¤úDUviwU fvBivm
wb‡Pi †jLvwU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi AvµvšÍ n‡j Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e?
`vI : DËi : Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv GK ai‡bi
K‡qKwU bgybv cvmIqvW© : ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi ev g¨vjIq¨vi hv
1. rakib 2. baBualAmin 1985
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  31
cybiƒrcv`‡b mÿg Ges GK Kw¤úDUvi Ggb wQj †Kv‡bv Awe‡ePK ˆ¯^ikvmK
†_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i msµwgZ n‡Z ev ivóªcÖav‡bi Kvi‡Y mvaviY gvbyl‡`i
cv‡i| bvbv ai‡bi wech©q Ges `ytL-`y`©kvi
Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm AvµvšÍ n‡j Acv‡iwUs gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘, Z_¨ I
wm‡÷g cybivq Bb÷j Kiv Qvov Zv †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y c„w_exi
e¨envi Kiv wec`RbK| mvaviY gvbyl cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv iv‡óªi eo
Avgvi Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm AvµvšÍ n‡j eo AcKg© m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hv‡”Q|
Gw›UfvBivm e¨envi K‡i fvBivmwU‡K DBwKwjKm bvgK GKwU cÖwZôvb GB
A‡K‡Rv K‡i ivLe ev gy‡Q †dje| hw` ai‡bi KvR K‡i mviv c„w_ex‡Z Av‡jvob
Gw›UfvBivm Øviv gy‡Q †djv m¤¢e bv m„wó K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
nq Z‡e Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g cybivq Bb÷j cÖhyw³ `yb©xwZ wbim‡b e¨vcK
Kie| f‚wgKv ivL‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
7. cvmIqvW© e¨env‡ii cuvPwU 9. †Kvb †Kvb KvR mvBevi Aciva
myweav wjL| wn‡m‡e MY¨?
DËi : Z_¨cÖhyw³ Ges B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi
DËi : cvmIqvW© e¨env‡ii cuvPwU
K‡i †h Aciva¸‡jv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K mvBevi
myweav wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
Aciva ejv nq| †h KvR¸‡jv mvBevi Aciva
1. cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡j e¨enviKvix wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq †m¸‡jv wbgœiƒc:
Qvov Ab¨ †KD Zvi A¨vKvD‡›U cÖ‡ek ¯ú¨vg : ¯ú¨vg n‡”Q hš¿ w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AcÖ‡qvRbxq, D‡Ïk¨g~jK wKsev AvcwËKi
2. cvmIqvW© e¨envi Kivi d‡j B-†gBj, †h¸‡jv cÖwZ gyn‚‡Z© †Zvgvi
e¨enviKvixi msiwÿZ Z_¨ wbivc` Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv n‡”Q| ¯ú¨v‡gi AvNvZ †_‡K
_v‡K| iÿv Kivi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z
3. cvmIqvW© n¨vKvi‡`i Amr D‡Ïk¨ wM‡q mevi A‡bK mgq Ges m¤ú‡`i AcPq
ev¯Íevq‡b evav †`q| nq|
4. cvmIqvW© e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y cÖZviYv : mvBevi Aciv‡ai GKUv eo Ask
e¨enviKvix Zvi A¨vKvD‡›U †h Z_¨ n‡”Q cÖZviYv| fzj cwiPq Ges fzj Z_¨ w`‡q
†hfv‡e iv‡L wVK †mB fv‡eB _v‡K| mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q bvbvfv‡e
5. cvmIqvW© e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K bvbvfv‡e
I‡qemvBU cÖ¯‘ZKvix e¨w³ ev cÖZvwiZ Kivi †Póv Kiv nq|
cÖwZôvb Zvi I‡qemvBU ˆZwii D‡Ïk¨ AvcwËKi Z_¨ cÖKvk : A‡bK mg‡qB
ev¯Íevq‡b mÿg nq| B›Uvi‡b‡U †Kv‡bv gvbyl m¤ú‡K© fzj
8. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ `yb©xwZ wKsev AvcwËKi Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i †`Iqv
wbim‡b e¨vcK f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i nq| †mUv kÎæZvg~jKfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i, ivR
e¨vL¨v Ki| ‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡Z cv‡i wKsev Ab¨
DËi : c„w_exi me †`‡kB †Kv‡bv bv †h‡Kv‡bv Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv ai‡bi `yb©xwZ i‡q‡Q| ûgwK cÖ`k©b : B›Uvi‡bU, B-†gBj ev
Z_¨cÖhyw³ `yb©xwZi weiæ‡× †Kv‡bv GKwU mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
cÖ_gevi GKUv kw³kvjx A¯¿ wn‡m‡e mvBU e¨envi K‡i KL‡bv KL‡bv †KD
cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv GKRb‡K bvbvfv‡e R¡vjvZb Ki‡Z
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mKj Z_¨ cv‡i|
mevi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q mvBevi hy× : e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q
weavq †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv `yb©xwZ Kiv n‡j GKR‡bi mv‡_ Av‡iKR‡bi msNvZ A‡bK
†mwU mevi mvg‡b cÖKvk †c‡q hv‡”Q| mgq AviI eo AvKvi wb‡Z cv‡i| GKwU `j
†Kv‡bv gvby‡li mivmwi gy‡LvgywL bv ev †Mvôx GgbwK GKwU †`k bvbv
n‡q ïay Z_¨¸‡jv †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g Kvi‡Y msNe× n‡q Ab¨ GKwU `j, †Mvôx
mieivn Kiv nq e‡j `yb©xwZ Kivi ev †`‡ki weiæ‡× GK ai‡bi mvBevi hy×
my‡hvM A‡bK K‡g wM‡q‡Q| GKmgq †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

10.†KvbwU ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi? 12.Kv‡Ri ai‡bi wfwˇZ fvBivm‡K Kqfv‡M

K gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© L Avfv÷ fvM Kiv nq?
 †UªvRvb nm© N biUb  2 L 3 M 4 N 5
11.KZ cÖKv‡ii g¨vjIq¨vi me‡P‡q †ewk 13.KZ mv‡j Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx Rb fb
†`Lv hvq? wbDg¨vb Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm
K 5 L 4  3 N 2 †cÖvMÖvg wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib?
K 1940  1949 M 1982 N 1986
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  32
14.KZ mv‡j GjK †K¬vRvi bv‡gi fvBivmwU 19.†KvbwU ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi?
Zvi Rb¥¯’vb †Q‡o †ewi‡q c‡o?  †UªvRvb nm© L Avfv÷ M biUb N
K 1949 L 1980  1982 N 2000 Kvmcv‡iw¯‹
15.Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ AvBb 2006 20.†Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g g¨vjIq¨v‡ii
(ms‡kvwaZ 2009) Abymv‡i msL¨v Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk _v‡K?
n¨vwKs‡qi Rb¨ KZ eQ‡ii Kviv`‡Êi K Wm L BDwb· M wjbv·  DB‡ÛvR
weavb i‡q‡Q? 21.we‡k¦ cÖ_g B›Uvi‡bU Iqvg© †KvbwU?
K 3 †_‡K 4  3 †_‡K 7 M 4 †_‡K 7 N 5 †_‡K 8
K ûK Iqvg© L jK Iqvg©  gwim
16.2013 mvj ch©šÍ we‡k¦i KZwU †`‡k
Iqvg© N iæUwKUm
RvZxq Z_¨ Rvbv‡K AvBbx AwaKvi
wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? 22.g¨vjIq¨vi e„w×i cÖavb KviY Kx?
 B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi L †cb WªvB‡fi e¨envi
K 50 L 60 M 80  93
M †ggwi KvW© wiWv‡ii e¨envi N
17.evsjv‡`‡k Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb KZ mvj †_‡K
ejer i‡q‡Q? wW.wf.wW-i e¨envi
K 1990 L 1995 M 2000  2009
23.†UªvRvb nm© Kx?
 g¨vjIq¨vi L wm‡÷g
18.¯ú¨vg †KvbwUi mv‡_ m¤úK© hy³?
K Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g  B-†gBj
mdUIq¨vi
M c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi N wWRvBb mdUIq¨vi
M eªvDRvi N mvP©
BwÄb

31.B›Uvi‡b‡U hviv n¨vwKs K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Kx

cvV-15 : wbivcËvwelqK e‡j? (Ávb)
aviYv  n¨vKvi L dvqviIqvj M †bUIqvK© N fvBivm
32.gvB‡Kj K¨vjwm KZ mv‡j Bqvû
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖwZôvb n¨vK K‡ib? (Ávb)
cÖ‡kœvËi K 1990  2000 M 2010 N 2020
24.ivóª cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb cÖhyw³ 33. gvB‡Kj K¨vjwm †Wj, Bqvû cÖwZôvb¸‡jv n¨vK
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? (Ávb) K‡i KZ Wjvi ÿwZ K‡iwQj? (Ávb)
K †iwWI  Z_¨ M †Uwjwfkb N †gvevBj K 50 †KvwU Wjvi L 80 †KvwU Wjvi
†dvb M 90 †KvwU Wjvi  100 †KvwU Wjvi

25.gvby‡li Rxeb‡K `ÿfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wK‡mi 34.2000 mv‡j wmGbG‡bi g‡Zv eo eo
mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb? (Ávb) cÖwZôvb n¨vK K‡iwQj †K? (Ávb)
K †gvevBj †dvb L B‡jKUªwbK  gvB‡Kj K¨vjwm L gvB‡Kj K¬vK©
mvgMÖx M gvB‡Kj nvwm N gvB‡Kj iweb

M AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ ˜ Z_¨cÖhyw³ 35. Captcha c×wZwU g~jZ Kx K‡i?

26.cÖ‡Z¨K †bUIqv‡K©i wbR¯^ Kx _v‡K? (Abyaveb)
(Ávb) gvbyl Ges hš¿‡K Avjv`v K‡i

K wVKvbv L K¬vB›U L wbivcËv Ges SuywK‡K Avjv`v K‡i
 wbivcËv e¨e¯’v N M Kw¤úDUvi Ges †bUIqvK©‡K Avjv`v K‡i
mxgve×Zv N `„k¨gvb Ges A`„k¨gvb wbivcËv‡K
27.†bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËvi A`„k¨ †`qvj‡K Kx Avjv`v K‡i
e‡j? (Ávb) 36.†bUIqvK© Gi †fZi w`‡q hvevi mgq
K wmwKDwiwU †`qvj  dvqviIqvj wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Kx e¨envi
M †mdwU †Wvi N Kiv nq? (Ávb)
†bUIqvK© MvW© K Gw›U-fvBivm  cvmIqvW©
28.Amvay gvbyl †bUIqv‡K©i †fZi w`‡q †Kvb M †nv÷ Kw¤úDUvi N dvqviIqvj
Amr KvRwU K‡i? (Abyaveb) 37.†bUIqvK© G eo eo Z_¨ fvÊvi¸‡jv‡K Kx
K A_© AvZ¥mvr Kivi †Póv K‡i ejv nq? (cÖ‡qvM)
L A‡b¨i m¤ú` jyU Kivi †Póv K‡i K †WUv e¨vsK L †WUv‡em M †WUv
 A‡b¨i †Mvcb Z_¨ †`Lvi †Póv K‡i  †WUv †m›Uvi
N A‡b¨i wVKvbvq B-†gBj cvVvq
29.wK‡mi Kvi‡Y c„w_exi mKj gvbyl GLb  eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ hy³? (Abyaveb) enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K †iwWI L †gvevBj cÖhyw³ 
38.Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†bUIqvK© N Kw¤úDUvi
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i- (Abyaveb)
30.A‡b¨i GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i Zvi Z_¨ bó i. ivóª cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î ii. iv‡óªi wbivcËvi
Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb) †ÿ‡Î
 n¨vwKs L Iqvg© M wieyU N wµcvi
iii. Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  33
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi hš¿‡K A¨vKvD‡›U
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii XzK‡Z evav †`Iqv
39.Z_¨cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv Rxe‡bi iii. e¨enviKvix‡K GKev‡ii †ewk A¨vKvD‡›U
†h‡Kv‡bv †ÿ·K- (Abyaveb) XzK‡Z evav †`Iqv
i. my›`i Ki‡Z cvwi ii. mnR Ki‡Z cvwi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. `ÿfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvwi  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii cvV-16 : ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi
40. n¨vKvi A‡b¨i GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i -
(Abyaveb)
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. A‡b¨i Z_¨ †`L‡Z ii. A‡b¨i Z_¨ bó Ki‡Z 47.†KvbwU †bUIqvK© g¨vjIq¨vi?
iii. A‡b¨i Z_¨fvÊvi mg„× Ki‡Z [h‡kvi wRjv ¯‹zj]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Iqvg© L gwRjv M fvBivm N ¯‹vBwc
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 48.dvqviIqvj Kx? [Gm.wf. miKvwi evwjKv
D”P we`¨vjq]
41.cvmIqvW© †`qvi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e
KivDUvi L †bUIqvK©
†hb Zv (Abyaveb) M wbivcËvKg©x
i. `xN© nq ii. mnR nq
 †bUIqv‡K©i Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv wbivcËv †`qvj
iii. Ab¨ †KD Abygvb Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
49.wb‡Pi †KvbwU g¨vjIq¨vi?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [jvjgwbinvU miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, bxjdvgvix miKvwi
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii D”P we`¨vjq]
42.A‡b¨i cvmIqvW© †ei Kivi Rb¨ Amvay wcscs L biUb M cvÛv N
†jvKRb e¨envi K‡i- (cÖ‡qvM) Kvmcv‡iw¯‹
i. we‡kl Kw¤úDUvi ii. we‡kl †iveU 50.†KvbwU ÿwZKi mdUIq¨vi?
iii. we‡kl c×wZ [ivRevwo miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? KgvB‡µvmdU IqvW©  †UªvRvb
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii nm©
43.hZB w`b hv‡”Q Avgiv ZZB wbf©ikxj M ¸Mj †µvg N gwRjv
n‡q cowQ- (Abyaveb) dvqvid·
i. Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ici ii. Z_¨cÖhyw³i Ici 51.g¨vjIq¨vi GK ai‡bi [gvwbKMÄ miKvwi D”P
we`¨vjq]
iii. †bUIqv‡K©i Ici
K CD  ÿwZKi mdUIq¨vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M hš¿cvwZ N
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†cbWªvBf
44.†bUIqvK© wKQzÿ‡Yi Rb¨ APj n‡q †M‡j
c„w_ex‡Z - (D”PZvi `ÿZv)
52.Kw¤úDUv‡i †h‡Kv‡bv KvR wK‡mi
i. wech©q †b‡g Avm‡e ii. fvBiv‡mi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb)
we¯Ívi n‡e K BbcyU L †g‡gvwi  †cÖvMÖvwgsN
iii. wbqš¿Ynxb Ae¯’v m„wó n‡e gvwëwgwWqv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 53.Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi g~j KvR †KvbwU?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii (Abyaveb)
K Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iqvimg~‡ni Kv‡R
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb weNœ NUv‡bv
cÖ‡kœvËi L Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iqvimg~‡ni wbivcËv

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi wbwðZ Kiv

DËi `vI :  Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iqvimg~n e¨env‡ii

Bqvû‡Z wgi‡bi GKwU B-†gBj A¨vKvD›U Av‡Q| cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv

gv‡S gv‡S mwVK cvmIqvW© †`qvi ciI Zv‡K B- N †cÖvMÖvwgs‡qi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUv‡ii

†gBj A¨vKvD‡›U XzK‡Z †`Iqv nq bv| ZLb Zv‡K we‡kl KvR Kiv
GKUv we‡kl †jLv c‡o UvBc K‡i w`‡Z nq| 54.mvaviYZ Kw¤úDUv‡i Kq ai‡bi
45.Aby‡”Q‡` DwjøwLZ A¨vKvD‡›Ui †cÖvMÖvg _v‡K? (Ávb)
wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z wgib‡K Kx Ki‡Z  `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP
n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) 55.†Kv‡bv we‡kl KvR m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
 cvmIqvW© w`‡Z n‡e L †Kvb mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv nq?
†bUIqvK© eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e (Ávb)
M †iveU e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e N we‡kl K e¨vP cÖ‡mwms mdUIq¨vi 
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi
46.B-†gBj A¨vKvD›U †Lvjvi †ÿ‡Î wgib‡K †h M wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi N UvBg †kqvwis
we‡kl KvRwU Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi g~j mdUIq¨vi
D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- (D”PZi `ÿZv) 56.Kw¤úDUv‡i I‡qemvBU †`Lvi Rb¨ Avgiv
i. †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †iveU‡K A¨vKvD‡›U Kx e¨envi Kwi? (Ávb)
XzK‡Z evav †`Iqv  eªvDRvi L
gvBGmKz‡qj
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  34
M wjeiv Awdm N IivKj  eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
mdUIq¨vi enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
57.Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ ÿwZKviK
†cÖvMÖvgmg~n‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb) 69.g¨vjIq¨vi AšÍfz©³Ñ [mvZÿxiv miKvwi evwjKv
D”P we`¨vjq]
K wieyU L wf‡qbv M wµcvi 
i. Iqvg© ii. gwRjv dvqvid·
†gwjwmqvm
iii. wKjMvi
58.Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨v‡ii mdUIq¨vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
B›Uvi‡dm webó Ki‡Z cv‡i †K?
Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb)
70.A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi n‡jv -
K eªvDRvi L Gw›UfvBivm  g¨vjIq¨vi
(Abyaveb)
N †WUv‡em
i. gvB‡µvmdU Awdm ii. IivKj
59.†gwjwmqvm mdUIq¨vi‡K ms‡ÿ‡c Kx iii. ¸Mj‡µvg
ejv nq? (Ávb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K g¨vjI‡qe L gvjIqvi g¨vjIq¨vi N gvj‡fm
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
60.g¨vjIq¨vi Kx K‡i? (Abyaveb)
71.wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi n‡jv-
K mdUIq¨vi‡K `ªæZ Kvh© m¤úv`‡b (D”PZi `ÿZv)
mvnvh¨ K‡i i. wjeiv Awdm ii. DB‡ÛvR
 mdUIq¨vi‡K Kvw•ÿZ Kvh© m¤úv`‡b
iii. wjbv·
evav †`q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M wewfbœ Kv‡R fzj †ei K‡i Zv ms‡kvab
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K‡i 72.eªvDRvi mdUIq¨vi n‡jv-
N wµcvi bvgK fvBivm‡K AKvh©Ki K‡i (Abyaveb)
†Zv‡j i. B›Uvi‡bU G·‡cøvivi ii. gwRjv dvqvid·
61.†Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡i iwÿZ Z_¨ Pzwi K‡i iii. ¸Mj‡µvg
†KvbwU? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K eªvDRvi L †WUv‡em  g¨vjIq¨vi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
N Gw›U-fvBivm 73.eZ©gv‡b Ggb †cÖvMÖvwgs †KvW †jLv
62.e¨enviKvixi ARv‡šÍ Zvi Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g m¤¢e hv - (Abyaveb)
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i †K? (Ávb) i. mKj mdUIq¨v‡ii Kv‡R weNœ NUv‡Z cv‡i
K †WUv‡em  g¨vjIq¨vi M ii. nvW©Iq¨v‡ii mdUIq¨vi B›Uvi‡dm webó
Gw›UfvBivm N eªvDRvi Ki‡Z cv‡i
63.we‡k¦ †Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi iii. m¤ú~Y© Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kvh©ÿgZv‡K bó
e¨enviKvixi msL¨v †ewk? (Ávb) Ki‡Z cv‡i
K BDwb·  DB‡ÛvR M g¨vK I‡qm N wjbv· wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
64.eZ©gv‡b †Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
g¨vjIq¨v‡ii msL¨v †ewk? (Ávb) 74.g¨vjIq¨v‡ii AšÍfz©³ n‡jv-
K wjbv·  DB‡ÛvR M BDwb· N (Abyaveb)
g¨vKI‡qm i. Gw›UfvBivm ii. †UªvRvb
65.wK‡mi gva¨‡g g¨vjIq¨vi‡K Qwo‡q †`qv n‡m©m
iii. ¯úvBIq¨vi
m¤¢e n‡”Q? (Ávb)
 B›Uvi‡bU L Kw¤úDUvi M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†gvevBj N d¨v·
75.ïiæi w`‡K †ewkifvM g¨vjIq¨vi -
66.ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨v‡ii g‡a¨ †KvbwUi (Abyaveb)
msL¨v Kg? (Ávb) i. k‡Li e‡k ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q ii.
 fvBivm L †UªvRvb nm© M Iqvg© N cixÿvg~jKfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q
iæUwKUm iii. Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q
67.Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g mdUIq¨vi wbivcËv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e¨e¯’vq ÎæwU _vK‡j †KvbwU N‡U? i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb) 76.Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i-
K Kw¤úDUvi wWRvB‡b Mj` †`Lv †`q (Abyaveb)
L Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ggwi AKvh©Ki n‡q hvq i. †h‡Kv‡bv Kvh©Kix dvB‡ji mv‡_ hy³ n‡q
 g¨vjIq¨vi ˆZwii my‡hvM m„wó nq ii. e¨enviKvixi webv n¯Í‡ÿ‡c
N Kw¤úDUv‡i Gw›U-fvBivm `ªæZ KvR K‡i iii. fvBivmhy³ †cbWªvBf Kw¤úDUv‡i
68.QÙ‡ek aviY K‡i †KvbwU? e¨envi Ki‡j
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KKw¤úDUvi Gw›UfvBivm L K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm 77.Iqvg© Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i -
M Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg©  †UªvRvb nm© (Abyaveb)
i.†bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g ii.
†cbWªvB‡fi gva¨‡g
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  35
iii.Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g 84.†Kvb fvBivmwU cÖwZ eQi 26 GwcÖj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? nvW©wW‡¯‹i A‡Uv dig¨vU †d‡j †`q?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii [Lyjbv wRjv
¯‹zj]
78.†UªvRvb nm© n‡jv- (Abyaveb)
 wmGmAvB L biUb M Avfv÷ N
i. QÙ‡ekx mdUIq¨vi ii. ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi
c¨vÛv
iii. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm
85.Avicv‡bU wµcvi Kx? [K¨v›Ub‡g›U †evW©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AvšÍtwe`¨vjq, XvKv]
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  fvBivm L Iqvg© M mvf©vi N wcwm
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb 86.Reaper bv‡gi mdUIq¨viwU †Kvb
cÖ‡kœvËi fvBivm‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z cviZ?
[BbwRwbqvwis BDwbfvwm©wU ¯‹zj
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 79 I 80 bs cÖ‡kœi A¨vÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
DËi `vI : K Ping pong L Dark Avenger
M Dap recyworm  Cripper
myiæR wgqv GKwU cÖwZôv‡b wnmveiÿK 87.cÖ_g †Kvb fvBivm Zvi Rb¥¯’vb †_‡K
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| GRb¨ wZwb gvB‡µvmdU bvbv RvqMvq Qwo‡q c‡o?
G‡·j mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡ib| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ [bvwi›`v miKvwi D”P
wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb Zvi Kw¤úDUviwU g¨vjIqqvi we`¨vjq, XvKv]
Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q| [†R.we D”P we`¨vjq] K wicvi L †eªBb
79.myiæR wgqvi Kw¤úDUviwU †Kvb ai‡bi  GjK †K¬vRvi fvBivm N Avicv‡bU
g¨vjIq¨vi Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q? wµcvi
K Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm L Iqvg© 88.†Kvb Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx me©cÖ_g
M gwimIqvg©  †UªvRvb fvBivm wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib?
nm© [bvwi›`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
80.g¨vjIq¨viwUi Kvh©c×wZ n‡jv K wb‡Kvj †KvWg¨vb L Gwjm gyb‡iv
i. e¨enviKvixi n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci Rb¨ A‡cÿv Kiv M gvwU©b Kzcvi  Rb fb
ii. fv‡jv mdUIq¨v‡ii QÙvei‡Y wb‡R‡K wbDg¨vb
jywK‡q ivLv 89.†Kvb fvBivm ¯’vqxfv‡e †g‡gvwi‡Z
iii. wb‡R †_‡KB †bUIqv‡K© Qwo‡q cov emevm K‡i bv?
[jvjgwbinvU miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, mvZÿxiv miKvwi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K Iqvg© L Awbevmx fvBivm
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 81 I 82 bs cÖ‡kœi  wbevmx fvBivm N †g‡gvwi fvBivm
DËi `vI : 90.e¨enviKvixi ARv‡šÍ Zvi wm‡÷‡gi ÿwZ
ivwd Zvi †cbWªvBf e¨envi K‡i wjU‡bi K‡i †KvbwU?
Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K GKwU †Mg Kwc K‡i Av‡b| ZLb [mvZÿxiv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
wjU‡bi Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K GKwU ÿwZKi mdUIq¨vi K mdUIq¨vi L Iqvg©  fvBivm N
†cbWªvB‡f P‡j Av‡m Ges ivwd Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i nvW©Iq¨vi
†cbWªvBfwU hy³ Ki‡j mdUIq¨viwU mwµq n‡q 91.Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg‡K fvBivm
I‡V| wn‡m‡e cÖ_g m‡¤^vab K‡ib †Kvb
81.ivwdi Kw¤úDUvi †Kvb ÿwZKviK weÁvbx?
mdUIq¨viwU Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q? [gvwbKMÄ miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
(cÖ‡qvM) K wbDg¨vb  †Kv‡nb M †WwiK N
 Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm L Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© wWDK
M †UªvRvb nm© N 92.Ô†eªBbÕ fvBivm mdUIq¨viwU KZ mv‡j
Wvc‡ivwm Iqvg© ˆZwi nq?
[gvwbKMÄ miKvwi D”P
82.D³ mdUIq¨v‡ii nvZ †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq we`¨vjq]
n‡jv- (D”PZi `ÿZv) K 1936 L 1956  1986 N 2000
i. Gw›UfvBivm e¨envi Kiv ii. 93.†Kvb †cÖvMÖvg wb‡Ri Kwc ˆZwi Ki‡Z
Gw›Ug¨vjIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv cv‡i? [†R.we D”P we`¨vjq]
iii. dvqviIqvj e¨envi Kiv K A¨vfv÷ L biUb  fvBivm N c¨vÛv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 94.mËi `k‡K Aicv‡b‡U †Kvb fvBivmwU
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wPwýZ Kiv n‡qwQj?
[knx` exi DËg †jt Av‡bvqvi Mvj©m
cvV-17 : Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm K‡jR]
K wbgWv fvBivm L †RiæRv‡jg fvBivm
 wµcvi fvBivm N gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi fvBivm
83.Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Ges Iqv‡g©i g‡a¨ 95. CIS fvBivm Kw¤úDUv‡ii †Kvb ÿwZi Rb¨
we`¨gvb †Kvb cv_©K¨‡K †ewk `vqx? [wewRGdGmwm]
¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq? [BwÄwbqvwis  nvW©wW· dig¨vU K‡i L evi evi
BDwbfvwm©wU ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, XvKv] Reboot K‡i
 msµg‡Yi L AvPiYMZ M M dvBj Pzwi K‡i N Kw¤úDUvi n¨vs K‡i
e¨enviMZ N ˆewkó¨MZ 96.Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Kx ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi?
(Abyaveb)
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  36
KDcKvix  ÿwZKviK M Wvqvjvi N 106. mËi `k‡K wPwýZ nIqv
Iqvg© fvBivm †KvbwU? (Ávb)
97.Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg fvBivm wn‡m‡e K GWIq¨vi  wµcvi M iæUwKUm N
wPwýZ nq Gi †Kvb ÿgZvi Rb¨? (Abyaveb) Wvqvjvi
K mdUIq¨vi Gi Rb¨  cybiærcv`bkxjZvi 107. cybiærcv`bkxj Kw¤úDUvi
Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †K cÖ_g fvBivm wn‡m‡e
M †bUIqvK©-Gi Rb¨ N msµg‡Yi Rb¨
m‡¤^vab K‡ib? (Ávb)
K Rb fb wbDg¨vb  †d«WwiK we
98.Kw¤úDUvi fvBiv‡mi ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU?
(Abyaveb) †Kv‡nb
K cybiærcv`b ÿgZv †bB M gvB‡Kj K¨vjwm N m‡Z¨b †evm
 Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i msµwgZ nq 108. KZ mv‡j fvBiv‡mi weaŸsmx
M fv‡jv mdUIq¨v‡ii QÙvei‡Y Avovj n‡q AvPiY cÖKvwkZ nq? (Ávb)
_v‡K  1986 L 1987 M 1988 N 1989
N wbR †_‡KB †bUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUv‡i 109. fvBiv‡mi weaŸsmx AvPiY cÖ_‡g
Qwo‡q c‡o †Kvb fvBiv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ nq? (Ávb)
99.†Kvb g¨vjIq¨viwU cybiærcv`‡bi Aÿg? K wµcvi L wf‡qbv  †eªBb N wbgWv
(Ávb) 110. †eªBb fvBivm ˆZwi nq †Kvb
 GWIq¨vi L iæUwKUm M †`‡k? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
Wvqvjvi N Iqvg© K fviZ  cvwK¯Ívb M
100. wmAvBGm bvgK fvBivmwU Av‡gwiKv N Rvcvb
KLb mwµq n‡q I‡V? (Ávb) 111. mKj fvBivm †cÖvMÖv‡gi
K cÖwZeQi 17 †deªæqvwi L †Kvb welqwU mywbw`©ó _v‡K? (Ávb)
cÖwZgv‡mi 7 ZvwiL K myweav L Amyweav M wbqg
M Awae‡l©i 26 gvP©   c¨vUvb©
cÖwZeQi 26 GwcÖj
101. fvBivm Zvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi Rb¨
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
Kx K‡i? (Abyaveb)
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K wb‡Ri †KvWwU wb‡RB cwiPvjbv K‡i 112. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv [knx`
L g~j †cÖvMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q wbqš¿Y w`‡q †`q Avjx Avnv¤§` miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, mvZÿxiv]
M wb‡R wb‡R †g‡gvwi‡Z †jLvi ÿgZv AR©b i. GK ai‡bi g¨vjIq¨vi
K‡i ii. GK ai‡bi ÿwZKi †cÖvMÖvg †KvW
 wb‡Ri †KvWwU Kvh©Kix dvB‡ji †cQ‡b iii. GK ai‡bi ÿwZKi mdUIq¨vi hv Kvh©Kix
XzwK‡q †`q dvB‡j mshy³ nq
102. g~j †cÖvMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wbqš¿Y w`‡q wbw®Œq n‡q hvq †Kvb K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
fvBivm? (Ávb) 113. Kw¤úDUvi fvBiv‡mi Kvi‡Y hv
K wmAvBGm L Wvqvjvi M wbevmx n‡Z cv‡i [bovBj mi. evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
 Awbevmx i . Kw¤úDUv‡ii MwZ n«vm cvq ii.
103. wbevmx fvBiv‡mi ˆewkó¨ Kw¤úDUvi eÜ n‡q hvq
†KvbwU? (Abyaveb) iii. nvW©wW· d‡g©U
K msµg‡Yi ci g~j †cÖvMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wbqš¿Y w`‡q †`q K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
L msµg‡Yi ci wb‡R wb‡R wbw®Œq n‡q 114. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv [wf.†R.
miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v]
hvq
i. wicvi ii. wbgWv iii.
 Pvjy nIqvi ci †g‡gvwi‡Z ¯’vqx n‡q e‡m
A¨vbvKzwb©‡Kvfv
_v‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N mwµq nIqvi ci msµg‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†Luv‡R 115. fvBivm msµg‡Yi jÿY¸‡jv n‡jv
104. Rxe‡`‡ni fvBivm Avi [Avg©W cywjk e¨vUvwjqb ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, e¸ov]
Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvBiv‡mi g‡a¨ wgj †Kv_vq? i. Kw¤úDUvi n¨vs n‡q hvq ii. Nb Nb
(Abyaveb)
wieyU Kiv
K Giv ïay Rxe‡`‡ni ÿwZ K‡i
iii. A™¢yZ g¨v‡mR cÖ`k©b Kiv
L Giv ïay Kw¤úDUv‡ii ÿwZ K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 Giv DfqB cybiærcvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
N Giv †bUIqv‡K©i ÿwZ K‡i 116. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm
105. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm wel‡q n‡jv GK ai‡bi ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi hv-
me©cÖ_g Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib †K? (Ávb) (Abyaveb)
K †cÖmcvi GKvU© L DBwjqvg wiwP i. cybiærcv`‡b Aÿg
 Rb fb wbDg¨vb N †jwW GWv ii. GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i
msµwgZ nq
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  37
iii. Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡gi bvbv ai‡bi ÿwZ K Ms word  Lastpass
K‡i _v‡K M Windows-xp N Unix

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 124. wb‡Pi †KvbwU myiwÿZ

K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii cvmIqvW©? [bvwi›`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq,
117. fvBiv‡mi cybiærcv`‡b hv XvKv]
K ABCD L 123456
cÖ‡qvRb - (Abyaveb)
 aA123B45C3D N 213D
i. †KvW Pvjv‡bvi mÿgZv ii.
125. gvB‡Kj K¨vjwm †K?
†cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bvi mÿgZv [Avigvwb‡Uvjv miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
iii. †g‡gvwi‡Z †jLvi mÿgZv K wm‡÷g BwÄwbqvi L †W‡fjcvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M nvW©Iq¨vi BwÄwbqvi  GKRb
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
n¨vKvi
118. Kv‡Ri ai‡bi wfwˇZ fvBiv‡mi
126. †Kvb gva¨‡g jMBb K‡i G‡K
cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv- (Abyaveb)
A‡b¨i mv‡_ P¨vU Kiv hvq?
i. wbevmx fvBivm ii. Awaevmx fvBivm [mvZÿxiv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
iii. Awbevmx fvBivm K †iwWI L †Uwjwfkb M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †Uwj‡dvb  †dmeyK
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
127. Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi
119. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv-
(Abyaveb)
cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î wbivcËvi f‚wgKv cvjb
i. wicvi ii. †KvW †iW Iqvg©
K‡i †KvbwU?
[mvZÿxiv m`i _vbv]
iii. Wvc‡ivwm Iqvg©  Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ L †gvevBj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†dvb
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M CCTV K¨v‡giv N B›Uvi‡bU
120. RbwcÖq Kw¤úDUvi
Gw›UfvBivm n‡jv - (Abyaveb)
128. GKwU RbwcÖq Gw›UfvBivm
i. wcscs ii. Avfv÷ iii. Kvmcv‡iw¯‹
mdUIq¨vi n‡jv
[gvwbKMÄ miKvwi D”P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? we`¨vjq]
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K we‡qbv L wbgWv  Kvmcv‡iw¯‹ N

 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb †eªBb

cÖ‡kœvËi 129. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aciva RM‡Z
bZzb? [†R.we. D”P we`¨vjq]
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 121 I 122 bs K Pzwi L WvKvwZ  mvBevi Aciva N
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wQbZvB
mgy Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i KvR Kivi mgq gwbU‡ii 130. B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK Aciva‡K Kx
c`©vq wKQzÿY ci ci fvBiv‡mi GjvU© †jLv e‡j? [knx` exi DËg †jt Av‡bvqvi Mvj©m K‡jR]
GKwU e· †`L‡Z cvq| Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq  mvBevi Aciva L mvBevi n¨vK
m¤§yLxb nIqv QvovB †m e·wU wgwbgvBm K‡i M mvBevi †bU N mvBevi
Zvi KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| jvBb
121. mgyi Kw¤úDUv‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb 131. Z_¨ †kqvi Kiv hvq wK‡mi
jÿYwU †`Lv w`‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
gva¨‡g? [wewRGdGmwm]
K Kv‡Ri MwZ e„w× cvIqv  Kv‡Ri  eøM L †gvevBj M msev`cÎ N †mvm¨vj
MwZ n«vm cvIqv 132. †dmey‡K †XvKvi mgq †Kvb
M AvcbvAvcwb Pvjy nIqv N we‡kl mZK©Zv c`‡ÿcwU _v‡K?
wKQz Kv‡R `ÿ nIqv [wewRGdGmwm]
122. mgyi Kw¤úDUvi AvµgYKvix K cvmIqvW©  Captcha M bvg N
g¨vjIq¨viwU ZLbB cybiærcv`‡b mÿg wVKvbv
n‡e hLb †m- (D”PZi `ÿZv) 133. hZ w`b hv‡”Q gvby‡li Kv‡Q
i. wb‡RB wb‡Ri †KvW Pvjv‡Z cvi‡e †KvbwUi e¨envi ZZ e„w× cv‡”Q (Ávb)
ii. wb‡R wb‡R †g‡gvwi‡Z wjL‡Z mÿg n‡e K †iwWI L j¨vÛ‡dvb  B›Uvi‡bU
iii. e¨enviKvixi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e N UvBc ivBUvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 134. B›Uvi‡b‡U e¨enviKvixi †Kvb
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ai‡bi Dcw¯’wZ wb®úÖ‡qvRb? (Abyaveb)
K ZvrÿwYK  kvixwiK M
cvV-18 : AbjvBb cwiPq I Zvi mve©ÿwYK N ev¯Íe

wbivcËv 135. B›Uvi‡b‡U †ewkifvM

e¨enviKvix †Kvb KvRwU K‡i? (Abyaveb)
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K Zvi cÖK…Z cwiPq †Mvcb iv‡L
 Zvi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ mËv Zz‡j a‡i
123. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvmIqvW© M wb‡R‡K AeZviiƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i
g¨v‡bRvi? N wb‡R‡K QÙ cwiP‡q Dc¯’vcb K‡i
[gwZwSj miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  38
136. Kv‡iv AbjvBb cwiwPwZ †_‡K eø¨vK n¨vU n¨vKvi
K L †iW
Zv‡K hw` ev¯Í‡e †Pbv hvq Zv n‡j n¨vU n¨vKvi
e¨vcviwU †Kgb nq?  †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi N µ¨vKvi
(Abyaveb) 147. Avgv‡`i †`‡k n¨vwKs‡K Kx
 wek¦vm ÁvcK L Awek¦vm¨ M wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq? (Ávb)
m‡›`nfvRb N mnR‡eva¨ K DcKvi L AcKvi M µ¨vKvi  Aciva
137. e¨w³i AbjvBb cwiwPwZ 148. evsjv‡`‡k n¨vwKs cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
wb‡Pi †Kvb cwiPq Ávc‡Ki gva¨‡g Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv AvB‡bi bvg Kx? (Ávb)
cÖKvk Kiv hvq? (Abyaveb) K Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 2005
K †gvevBj bv¤^vi L evwoi wVKvbv  Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ AvBb 2006
 B-†gBj wVKvbv N RvZxq cwiPqcÎ M Z_¨cÖhyw³ AvBb 2005
138. wb‡Ri †dmeyK GKvD‡›U N †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ AvBb 2005
Ab¨‡`i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z evav w`‡Z Kx Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb?  eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
(Abyaveb) enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K cvmIqvW© e¨envi Kiv 
we‡klfv‡e m‡PZb _vKv 149. †dmeyK w`‡q Kx Kx Kiv hvq
[b~i †gvt cvewjK ¯‹zi A¨vÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
M wb‡Ri cwiPq †Mvcb ivLv N mswÿß
i. Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv hvq
bvg e¨envi Kiv
ii. ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiv hvq
139. †ewki fvM AbjvB‡b wK‡mi
iii. mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv hvq
kw³gvÎv hvPvB‡qi my‡hvM _v‡K? (Ávb)
K Kw¤úDUv‡ii L †gvevB‡ji
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M cÖZx‡Ki 
150. Kw¤úDUvi n¨vwKs ej‡Z
cvmIqv‡W©i
†evSvq [mvZÿxiv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
140. mygb Zvi cvmIqv‡W©i
i. Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm
†MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ †m
ii. e¨enviKvixi webv AbygwZ‡Z Zvi
†Kvb KvRwU Ki‡e?
(cÖ‡qvM) KwgvDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv
K mswÿß cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡e iii. Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨enviKvixi Z_¨ Pzwi Kiv
L RwUj cvmIqvW© cwinvi Ki‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ïay eY© w`‡q cvmIqvW© wjL‡e K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 wbqwgZ cvmIqvW© cwieZ©b Ki‡e 151. GKRb B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix Zvi
141. cvmIqv‡W©i †MvcbxqZv AbjvBb cwiwPwZ cÖKvk K‡i- (Abyaveb)
iÿvq A‡bK e¨enviKvix wb‡Pi †KvbwU i . eø‡M ii. I‡qemvB‡U
e¨envi K‡ib? iii. mvgvwRK I‡qemvB‡U
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 cvIqvW© g¨v‡bRvi L captcha K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M Kw¤úDUvi N †gvevBj 152. A‡bK e¨w³ AbjvB‡b wb‡Ri -
142. webv AbygwZ‡Z Kv‡iv (Abyaveb)
Kw¤úDUv‡i AbycÖ‡ek Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? i. cÖK…Z bvg e¨envi K‡i _v‡K ii. QÙbvg
(Ávb) cwiPq e¨envi K‡i
 n¨vwKs L n¨vKvi M µ¨vKvi N iii. cÖK…Z ev QÙ †Kv‡bv cwiPq cÖKvk K‡i
µ¨vKvi bv
143. e¨enviKvixi AbygwZ Qvov wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hviv A‡b¨i GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡`i Kx K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
e‡j? (Ávb) 153. B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix bxZzi
 n¨vKvi L AbycÖ‡ekKvix GKUv †Mvcb cvmIqvW© i‡q‡Q| GB
M Amr e¨enviKvix N wicvi cvmIqvW©wU †m e¨envi K‡i-
144. Kw¤úDUvi wbivcËv we‡klÁMY (cÖ‡qvM)
n¨vKvi‡`i Kx ej‡Z cQ›` K‡ib? (Ávb) i. wb‡Ri-B-†gBj GKvD‡›U †XvKvi †ÿ‡Î
K Kw¤úDUvi n¨vKvi L †nvqvBU n¨vU ii. †dmey‡K wb‡Ri GKvD‡›U †XvKvi †ÿ‡Î
n¨vKvi iii. †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi I‡qemvB‡U
M Amr AbycÖ‡ekKvix  µ¨vKvi †XvKvi †ÿ‡Î
145. †Kvb ai‡bi n¨vKviiv Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A‡b¨i GjvKvq AbycÖ‡ek K‡i? (Ávb)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi  eø¨vK 154. †h‡Kv‡bv mvB‡Ui Rb¨
n¨vU n¨vKvi cvmIqvW© ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvq-
(Abyaveb)
M †MÖ n¨vU n¨vKvi N eøy n¨vU n¨vKvi
i. †h‡Kv‡bv wcÖq evK¨
146. †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡gi wbivcËv
ii. eY©, msL¨v, cÖZxK GK‡Î
wQ`ªmg~n Luy‡R †ei K‡i †K? (Ávb)
iii. †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨K eY© ev msL¨v
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  39
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 162 I 163 b¤^i
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
155. A‡b‡KB e¨envi K‡i Ggb †ivnvb GKwU mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb‡Z PvKwi K‡i|
wm‡÷g n‡jv- (Abyaveb) wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi g¨v‡bRv‡ii wb‡`©‡k GKwU
i. BDwbqb Z_¨ I †mev‡K›`ª ii. Kj‡m›Uvi we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †Kv¤úvwbi wm‡÷g
iii. mvBevi K¨v‡d †bUIqvK©wU n¨vK K‡ib Ges wb‡Ri Kv‡R mdjZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AR©b K‡ib| G Kvi‡Y †Kv¤úvwbi g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii GKRb †hvM¨ n¨vKvi e‡j ab¨ev` Rvbvq|
156. wewfbœ ai‡bi cvmIqvW© 162. †ivnvb †Kv¤úvwbi
g¨v‡bRvi n‡jv - (Abyaveb) wm‡÷gwU n¨vK K‡i‡Q - (cÖ‡qvM)
i. Lastpass ii. Lastic iii. Keepass i. wm‡÷gwU aŸsm Ki‡Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. wm‡÷gwUi DbœwZ Ki‡Z
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii iii. wm‡÷gwUi wbivcËv wQ`ªmg~n Luy‡R
157. n¨vKvi m¤cÖ`vq n‡jv - †ei Ki‡Z
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. eø¨vK n¨vU n¨vKvi ii. †iW n¨vU n¨vKvi K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi 163. †ivnv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ we‡ePbvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ivL‡j Zv‡K Kx ai‡bi n¨vKvi ejv h_v_©
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii n‡e? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
K eø¨vK n¨vU n¨vKvi L †MÖ n¨vU n¨vKvi
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb M eøy n¨vU n¨vKvi  †nvqvBU n¨vU
cÖ‡kœvËi n¨vKvi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 158 I 159 bs
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cvV-19 : mvBevi Aciva
iwdK I kwdK `yB eÜz| Giv `yÕR‡bB Kw¤úDUvi
wel‡q cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i‡Q| Giv `yRbB  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
mdUIq¨vi †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi K‡i| wKš‘ iwdK ˆZwi 164. AbjvB‡b msNwUZ Aciva‡K
K‡i fv‡jv †KvW Avi kwdK ˆZwi K‡i ÿwZKi †KvW Kx e‡j? [wf.†R. miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v]
Gi mdUIq¨vi|  mvBevi µvBg L n¨vswKs
158. iwdK †h ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi M n¨vKvi N K¬vKvi
K‡i Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? 165. †ev÷‡bi †evgv nvgjvi †cQ‡b
[ewikvj wkÿK mwgwZ] `vqx †KvbwU?
 dvqviIqvj L [mvZÿxiv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi K †bUIqvK©  mvBevi µvBg M B-
M g¨vjIq¨vi N †UªvRvb †gBj N B›Uvi‡bU
159. eZ©gv‡b Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv nq 166. †Kvb Zvwi‡L PÆMÖv‡gi
wK‡m? ivgy‡Z AmsL¨ †eŠ×wenvi cywo‡q
K eB‡q  †WUv‡e‡R M KvM‡R N †`qv n‡qwQj?
†cv÷v‡i (Ávb)
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 160 I 161 bs K 9 Ryb, 20011 L 15 GwcÖj, 2011
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  30 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2012 N 15 GwcÖj, 2013
Rb †Kwi bvgK 15 eQi eqmx GK hyeK webv 167. `ye„©Ëiv Kxfv‡e AbjvB‡b
AbygwZ‡Z Av‡gwiKvi SSF Software †Kv¤úvwbi e¨vs‡Ki †µwWU KvW© b¤^i †ei K‡i? (D”PZi
Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i aiv c‡o hvq| `ÿZv)
c‡ii w`b wewfbœ cwÎKvq Zv‡K †nvqvBU n¨vU K Kw¤úDUvi n¨vK K‡i L †gvevBj
n¨vKvi e‡j D‡jøL K‡i msev` Qvcv nq| n¨vK K‡i
160. Aby‡”Q‡`i Rb †Kwi-  e¨vs‡Ki Z_¨fvÊvi n¨vK K‡i N e¨vs‡Ki
(cÖ‡qvM) †Mvcb dvBj Pzwi K‡i
i. GKRb µ¨vKvi ii. GKRb Gw_K¨vj 168. B›Uvi‡bU †Kvb AcivawU Rb¥
n¨vKvi w`‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
iii. GKRb Kw¤úDUvi n¨vKvi K e¨vsK jyU  mvBevi M Z_¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †Mvcb N Z_¨ cvPvi
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 169. ¯ú¨vg ej‡Z †KvbwU †evSvq?
161. Rb †Kwii SSF Software (Abyaveb)
†Kv¤úvwbi Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g cÖ‡ek K cÖ‡qvRbxq B-†gBj  AvcwËKi B-†gBj
Kivi h_v_© KviY Kx? M AcÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ N D‡Ïk¨g~jK
(D”PZi `ÿZv) †cÖvMÖvg
K UvKv Kvgv‡bv L cÖwZev` Kiv 170. ¯ú¨vg MwVZ nq wK‡mi
M P¨v‡jÄ Kiv  mvnv‡h¨? (Ávb)
wm‡÷‡gi DbœwZ Kiv
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  40
K B›Uvi‡bU  hš¿ M †gvevBj N 180. mvBevi hy× n‡jv
B-†gBj [Gm.wf. miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
171. mvBevi Acivaxiv B›Uvi‡bU i. mvgbv mvgwb hy× ii.
e¨enviKvixi wKiƒc ÿwZ K‡i? (Abyaveb) B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡i hy×
K Z_¨ Ges mgq AcPq K‡i L kªg Ges iii. AbjvBb hy×
mgq AcPq K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 mgq Ges m¤ú` AcPq K‡i N A_© Ges K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
m¤ú` AcPq K‡i 181. GB gyn‚‡Z© cÖPwjZ mvBevi
172. mvBevi Acivaxiv Aciva n‡jv- (Abyaveb)
mvaviY gvby‡li mv‡_ Kxfv‡e i. ¯ú¨vg ii. mvBevi hy×
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i? (Abyaveb) iii. AvcwËKi Z_¨ cÖKvk
K mwVK bvg I cwiPq w`‡q  fzj cwiPq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
I fzj Z_¨ w`‡q K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M mwVK cwiPq I fzj Z_¨ w`‡q N QÙ bvg I 182. ¯ú¨vg n‡”Q hš¿ w`‡q ˆZwi
fzj Z_¨ w`‡q Kiv- (Abyaveb)
173. fzj cwiPq I Z_¨ Øviv i. AcÖ‡qvRbxq B-†gBj ii.
msNwUZ Aciva †KvbwU? (Abyaveb) D‡Ïk¨nxb B-†gBj
K ¯ú¨vg L mvBevi hy×  cÖZviYv N iii. AvcwËKi B-†gBj
µvKvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
174. mvBevi hy× Kx? K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(Ávb) 183. B›Uvi‡b‡U †Kv‡bv gvbyl
K AbjvB‡b e¨w³MZ Ø›Ø msNvZ m¤ú‡K© AvcwËKi Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki KviY
L AbjvB‡b cÖwZØ›Øx cÖwZôv‡bi evKhy× n‡Z cv‡i- (Abyaveb)
 mvBevi RM‡Z msNwUZ hy× i. kÎæZv ii. ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨
N `jMZ, †MvôxMZ ev RvwZMZ hy× iii. †h‡Kv‡bv Amr D‡Ïk¨
175. B›Uvi‡b‡U we‡Øl Qov‡bvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb I‡qemvBU eÜ Kiv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
n‡qwQj? (Ávb) 184. mvBevi Acivaxiv gvbyl‡K
K Bqvû  †dmeyK M ¸Mj N UzBUvi ûgwK cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z e¨envi K‡i- (Abyaveb)
176. AbjvB‡b msNwUZ hyׇK Kx i. B›Uvi‡bU ii. B-†gBj
e‡j? (Abyaveb) iii. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mvBU
K B-†gBj hy× L mvBevi µvBg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M B-hy×  mvBevi hy× K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
177. mvBevi hy× msNwUZ nq  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
†Kv_vq? (Abyaveb)
cÖ‡kœvËi
K †gvevB‡j L Kw¤úDUv‡i 
B›Uvi‡b‡U N †Uwjwfk‡b wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 185 I 186 bs
178. mvBevi Aciva bZzb e‡j Avgiv cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†Kvb mgm¨vwUi m¤§yLxb nw”Q? QzwUi w`‡b eÜz‡`i †LuvRLei wb‡Z mvw¤§ Zvi
(Abyaveb) †dmeyK GKvD›UwU †Lv‡j| wKš‘ †mLv‡b Zvi
K Gi ÿwZ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv fv‡jvfv‡e Rvwb evevi Qwe Ges Zvi cv‡k wKQz AvcwËKi K_v
bv †jLv _vKvq Zvi gb Lvivc n‡q hvq|
L Gi cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i fv‡jv aviYv 185. Aby‡”Q‡`i Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki
†bB NUbvwU wK‡mi AšÍfz©³? (cÖ‡qvM)
M Gi Rb¨ Kviv Acivax Zv Avgiv GL‡bv K cÖZviYv Aciva L gvbnvwb Aciva
Rvwb bv M †`k‡`ªvnx Aciva  mvBevi Aciva
 Gi wbqš¿Y c×wZ Avgiv GLbI fv‡jv K‡i 186. †dmey‡K Acivaxiv Giƒc Z_¨
Rvwb bv cÖKvk K‡i- (D”PZi `ÿZv)
i. kÎæZv K‡i ii. Amr
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK D‡Ï‡k¨
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii. ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨
179. mvBevi Aciva‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
n‡j [b~i †gvt cvewjK ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, XvKv] K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. ˆbwZK wkÿv w`‡Z n‡e
ii. K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb Ki‡Z n‡e cvV-20 : `yb©xwZ wbimb
iii. Aciva m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z
n‡e  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 187. Z_¨cÖhyw³ wK‡mi weiæ‡×
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii kw³kvjx A¯¿ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q?
(Ávb)
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  41
 `yb©xwZ L mvBevi K B‡jKUªb †UÛvi  B‡jKUªwbK †UÛvi
Aciva M B‡jKwUªK †UÛvi N B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bU
M A_© AvZ¥mvr N Z_¨ Pzwi †UÛvi
188. †KvbwU †Mvc‡b Kiv nq? 198. B-†UÛvwis‡qi d‡j †UÛvi
(Ávb) cÖwµqvq †Kvb e¨vcviwU N‡U‡Q?
K Z_¨msMÖn  (Abyaveb)
K `yb©xwZ wbimb n‡q‡Q 
`ybx©wZ
`yb©xwZ Kivi my‡hvM K‡g †M‡Q
M B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi N mvBev‡i cÖ‡ek
M `yb©xwZ Kivi my‡hvM †e‡o †M‡Q N
189. `yb©xwZ †Mvc‡b Kivi KviY
`yb©xwZevR‡`i n¯Í‡ÿc n«vm †c‡q‡Q
Kx? (Abyaveb)
199. Drcv`bKvix Zvi cY¨ mivmwi
K `yb©xwZ cÖKv‡k¨ Kiv m¤¢e bq
†µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i †KvbwUi
L mgv‡R A‡b‡KB `yb©xwZ‡K AcQ›` K‡i
gva¨‡g? (Ávb)
 †Kv‡bv mgvR `yb©xwZ‡K cÖkªq †`q
 B-Kg©vm L B-weR‡bm M
bv †dmeyK N B-†gBj
N `yb©xwZevR †jvKRb †MvcbxqZv cQ›`
200. `vjvj †kªwYi mvnvh¨ Qvov cY¨
K‡i µq-weµq Kivi gva¨g †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
190. †KvbwU cÖ_gevi mKj Z_¨  B›Uvi‡bU L B-†gBj M Kw¤úDUvi
mevi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q? (Ávb) N d¨v·
K B›Uvi‡bU L B-†gBj M †gvevBj  201. B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i cY¨
Z_¨cÖhyw³ weµ‡qi myweav †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
191. †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b `ybx©wZ K †QvU †kviæ‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq
Kiv n‡j †mwU mevi mvg‡b cÖKvk L ¯^í mgq cY¨ ¸`v‡g ivL‡Z nq
†c‡q hv‡”Q wK‡mi Kvi‡Y? M †ewk A_© I m¤ú` wewb‡qvM nq
(Ávb)  Drcv`bKvix I †µZv `yR‡bB jvfevb nq
K B›Uvi‡bU L B-†gBj  202. iv‡óªi eo eo AcKg© m¤ú‡K©
Z_¨cÖhyw³ N d¨v· c„w_exi gvbyl‡K aviYv w`‡”Q †Kvb
192. cÖwZôv‡bi wnmve Z_¨ msiÿY I cÖwZôvb?
(Abyaveb)
cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? (Abyaveb)
K gvB‡µvmdU L Bqvû 
K hveZxq wnmve Z_¨ LvZvq wj‡L ivL‡Z
DBwKwjKm N UzBUvi
n‡e
203. wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exi
 cy‡iv c×wZUv‡K Z_¨cÖhyw³i AvIZvq
gvbyl iv‡óªi AcKg© m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Avb‡Z n‡e
cv‡”Q? (Abyaveb)
M cy‡iv c×wZUv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii AvIZvq
K d¨v· L B-†gBj M Kw¤úDUvi
Avb‡Z n‡e
B›Uvi‡bU
N cy‡iv c×wZUv‡K †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq
Avb‡Z n‡e  eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
193. Kviv A‡bK mgq Z_¨cÖhyw³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq bv? (Ávb)
204. cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq
K mr gvbyl L
Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡j- (Abyaveb)
ivRbxwZwe` i. Z_¨‡K mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv hvq
M A`ÿ wnmveiÿK  `yb©xwZcivqY ii. Z_¨‡K mwVKfv‡e cÖwµqvKiY Kiv hvq
gvbyl iii. `yb©xwZ wbimb Kiv hvq
194. †h mg¯Í Kv‡R A‡bK UvKv e¨q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
nq †m¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq? (Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K miKvwifv‡e Ki‡Z nq L 205. †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b
†emiKvwifv‡e Ki‡Z nq Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv n‡j - (Abyaveb)
 †UÛv‡ii gva¨‡g Ki‡Z nq N wbw`©ó i. mKj Z_¨ mevi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z Kiv hvq
wbq‡g Kiv hvq bv ii. cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡R mgš^qnxbZv e„w×
195. Av‡M iv‡óªi eo eo KvR cvq
†UÛv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv n‡jI eZ©gv‡b iii. †Kv‡bv `ybx©wZ n‡j mevi mvg‡b
wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Kiv nq? cÖKvk Kiv hvq
(cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K I‡qe‡cR  B-†UÛvwis M †gvevBj N
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
d¨v· 206. `yb©xwZ K‡i Avw_©K †jb‡`b
196. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k B-†UÛvi Kiv n‡j- (Abyaveb)
Kivi Rb¨ Kx ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q? (Abyaveb) i. Z_¨cÖhyw³ †mB Z_¨ Z_¨fvÊv‡i †cuŠ‡Q
K B‡jKUªwb· wgwWqv L B- †`q
Mfb©¨vÝ ii. Z_¨cÖhyw³ †mB Z_¨ mevi mvg‡b Zz‡j
 we‡kl †cvU©vj N B-Kgvm©
a‡i
197. B-†UÛvi Kx?
(Ávb)
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  42
iii. Z_¨cÖhyw³ †mB Z_¨ †Mvcb ivL‡Z GLb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i mivmwi †µZv‡`i
mvnvh¨ K‡i wbKU mewR wewµ K‡ib|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 212. Rbve kvgx‡gi e¨eüZ
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii cÖhyw³wU Zv‡K Avw_©K myweav
207. Z_¨cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq w`‡”Q- (cÖ‡qvM)
bv- (Abyaveb) i. †`vKvb fvovi †ÿ‡Î ii. ¸`vg fvovi †ÿ‡Î
i. `yb©xwZ we‡ivax gvbyl ii. iii. `vjvj e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î
`yb©xwZcivqY gvbyl wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. `yb©xwZMÖ¯Í cÖwZôvb K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 213. cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y Rbve
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii kvgxg †h AwZwi³ gybvdv cv‡”Qb Zvi
208. B-†UÛvwis cÖwµqvq - †ewki fvM Ask Av‡M †K †fvM KiZ?
(Abyaveb) (D”PZi `ÿZv)
i. †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K mivmwi KZ©„c‡ÿi K †`vKvb`vi L Avor`vi M †fv³v 
gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq bv `vjvj
ii. cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨¸‡jv †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g
mieivn Kiv nq cvV-21 : Z_¨ AwaKvi I Z_¨ AwaKvi
iii. `yb©xwZcivqY cÖwZôv‡bi n¯Í‡ÿc Kivi AvBb
my‡hvM Kg _v‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
214. Z_¨ Kwgkb MV‡bi D‡Ïk¨
209. `ybx©wZ wbim‡b [cviæwjqv Gm.Gm gva¨wgK we`¨vjq,
Z_¨cÖhyw³ - (Abyaveb) mvZÿxiv]
i. †UÛvi cÖwµqvq `yb©xwZevR‡`i n¯Í‡ÿc i. Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv
n«vm Ki‡Q ii. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi ev¯Íevqb Z`viK Kiv
ii. iv‡óªi eo eo AcK‡g©i K_v mvaviY iii. wewfbœ Awf‡hvMcÎ MÖnY Kiv
gvbyl‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡”Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. ˆ¯^ikvmK‡`i †Mvcb Z_¨ c„w_exi gvby‡li K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
mvg‡b cÖKvk K‡i w`‡”Q 215. wew”Qbœfv‡e cÖvß DcvË
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? mymsMwVZ n‡q wK‡m cwiYZ nq?
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii (Ávb)
K eY© Lms‡KZ M wmMb¨vj  Z_¨
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb 216. Z_¨ AwaKvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
cÖ‡kœvËi (Abyaveb)
K †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 210 I 211 bs L wbR iv‡óªi †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M wbR cÖwZôv‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbvi
wjqvKZ mv‡ne GKwU wkí-KviLvbvi gvwjK| Zvi AwaKvi
cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvixiv `xN©w`b †_‡K
 RbM‡Yi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨
`ybx©wZ K‡i Avm‡Q| ZvB wZwb Zvi
Rvbvi AwaKvi
cÖwZôvb‡K `ybx©wZgy³ Kivi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©
217. wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU
cÖwZôvbwU‡K bZzb cÖhyw³i AvIZvq Avb‡jb|
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡b evB‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q?
210. wjqvKZ mv‡n‡ei (Abyaveb)
cÖwZôvbwU GLb †hme myweav †fvM K we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©xi msL¨v L we`¨vj‡qi
Ki‡e- (cÖ‡qvM) wkÿ‡Ki msL¨v
i. †Kv‡bv `ybx©wZ n‡j mevi mvg‡b M we`¨vj‡qi cixÿvi wd  cixÿvq
cÖKvk n‡q hv‡e Kx cÖkœ Avm‡e
ii. cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i Kv‡R 218. Z_¨ AvB‡bi ei‡Ljvc n‡j Kx
mgš^qnxbZv n«vm cv‡e Abyhvqx kvw¯Í †c‡Z nq? (Ávb)
iii. cÖwZôvbwU `ybx©wZ gy³ n‡e K aib  AvBb M mgq N wbqg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 219. evsjv‡`‡k Z_¨ AvBb ev¯Íevqb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Kivi Rb¨ Kx MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
211. wjqvKZ mv‡n‡ei cÖwZôv‡b
K we‡kl KwgwU L Z_¨ KwgwU
e¨eüZ bZzb cÖhyw³wUi bvg Kx?
 Z_¨ Kwgkb N Z_¨
(Abyaveb)
 Z_¨cÖhyw³ L msMVb
Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ 220. evsjv‡`‡k Z_¨ Kwgk‡bi
M B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³ N †Kvqv›Uvg cÖhyw³ I‡qemvB‡Ui wVKvbv †KvbwU? (Ávb)
K http.www.information gov.bd
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 212 I 213 bs L http.www.inform.gov.bd
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  http://www.infocom.gov.bd/
Rbve kvgxg GKRb mewR Drcv`bKvix| Av‡M N http.www.info.com.gov.bd
wZwb cvBKvi‡`i wbKU mewR wewµ Ki‡Zb|
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  43
221. Z_¨ Kwgkb Z_¨ AvB‡bi Kx i. gvbwPÎ ii. cÖwZ‡e`b iii. cÖKí
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Ávb) cÖ¯Íve
 AwffveK L iÿK M wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ms‡kvabKvix N cÖ¯‘ZKviK K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
222. †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Z_¨ AwaKvi 227. evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨ Kwgkb-
AvB‡bi AvIZvq Z_¨ †c‡Z ewÂZ n‡j Kvi (Abyaveb)
Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM `vwLj Ki‡Z cv‡i? i. evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨ AvB‡bi AwffveK wn‡m‡e
(Ávb) KvR K‡i
K AvBb Kwgkb L AwaKvi Kwgkb ii. †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Z_¨ AvB‡bi AvIZvfz³
 Z_¨ Kwgkb N cÖhyw³ Z_¨ †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
Kwgkb iii. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb ei‡LjvcKvix‡K AvBb
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK Abyhvqx kvw¯Í †`qvi e¨e¯’v K‡i
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
223. cÖvß DcvˇK mymsMwVZ
K‡i cÖwZwbqZ Z_¨ m„wó Ki‡Q-  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
(cÖ‡qvM) cÖ‡kœvËi
i.
e¨w³ ii. cÖwZôvb iii. miKvwi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 228 I 229 bs
ms¯’v
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
bxZz Rb¥MZfv‡e evsjv‡`wk wKš‘ `xN© `k eQi
224. wgZz evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK| hver Av‡gwiKvq evm Ki‡Q| Z‡e Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv
evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi AvIZvq evOvwji g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq Kvh©vewji
†m Rvb‡Z cvi‡e (cÖ‡qvM)
mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges RbM‡Yi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
i. ivóªxq Kvh©vewji m‡½ m¤ú„³ Z_¨ ii. RbM‡Yi
†h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi Zvi Av‡Q|
Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ 228. evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨ AvB‡bi
iii. iv‡óªi wbivcËvmsµvšÍ †Mvcb Z_¨
AvIZvaxb †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ †c‡Z bxZz
†Kv_vq Awf‡hvM `vwLj Ki‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K wbR cÖkvm‡Ki eivei
225. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡b Z_¨  evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨ Kwgkbv‡ii eivei
cÖvw߇K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡QÑ (Abyaveb) M Av‡gwiKvi Z_¨ Kwgkbv‡ii eivei
i. e¨w³i wPšÍvi c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e ii. e¨w³i N RvwZms‡Ni Z_¨ Kwgkbv‡ii
we‡e‡Ki c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e 229. bxZzi D³ AwaKvi cÖwZôv
iii. e¨w³i evK¯^vaxbZvi c~e©kZ© cvevi KviY n‡jv- (D”PZi `ÿZv)
wn‡m‡e i. evsjv‡`k miKvi Z_¨ Rvbv‡K AvBwb AwaKvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii. evsjv‡`‡k Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb cÖYxZ I
226. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi AvIZvfz³ ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q
Z_¨ n‡jv - (Abyaveb) iii. Av‡gwiKvq Z_¨ Kwgkb MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

230. g¨vjIq¨vi Ggb GK ai‡bi iii. P¨v‡jÄ Kiv

mdUIq¨vi hv- (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi‡K Kvh© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
m¤úv`‡b evav †`q 232. Z_¨cÖhyw³ I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
ii. A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi‡K Kvh© Kvi‡Y - (Abyaveb)
m¤úv`‡b evav †`q i. AmsL¨ bZzb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó
iii. e¨enviKvixi Kw¤úDUv‡i iwÿZ Z_¨ Pzwi n‡q‡Q
K‡i ii. bZzb Aciv‡ai m„wó n‡q‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. mvBevi hy× msNwUZ n‡”Q
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
231. n¨vKviiv mswkøó KZ©„c‡ÿi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
webv AbygwZ‡Z Zv‡`i Kw¤úDUvi 233. Z_¨ AwaKvi n‡jv
wm‡÷g ev †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek K‡i| i. e¨w³MZ Z_¨
Zv‡`i Giƒc Kv‡Ri †cQ‡b †hme D‡Ïk¨ ii. ivóªxq Kvh©vewji m‡½ m¤ú„³ Z_¨
_v‡K- (D”PZi `ÿZv) iii. iv‡óªi RbM‡Yi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨
i. UvKv Kvgv‡bv ii. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖwZev` Kiv K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  44
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 234 I 235 bs K Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm L Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg©
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ˜ †UªvRvb nm© N
Rvwn` Zvi B-†gBj A¨vKvD‡›U Xz‡K Bbe‡· †gBj Kw¤úDUvi Gw›UfvBivm
†PK KiwQj| nVvr †Kv‡bv wKQz ey‡S IVvi wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 236 I 237 bs
Av‡MB Zvi Kw¤úDUviwU n¨vs n‡q †Mj| cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
NUbvwU †m Zvi evev‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb e‡jb, ivKv Zvi †gBj e· cÖwZw`b †PK K‡i| GKw`b †m
wKQz wKQz ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi QÙvei‡Y wb‡Ri †gBj e‡· GKUv †gBj †`‡L wKQzUv weeªZ
wb‡R‡K Avovj K‡i iv‡L| n‡jv Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv gy‡Q w`j|
234. Rvwn‡`i Kw¤úDUviwU n¨vs 236. ivKvi †gBj e‡·i B-†gBjwUÑ
nIqvi KviY n‡jv - (cÖ‡qvM) (cÖ‡qvM)
i. Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi ÎæwU i.
AcÖ‡qvRbxq ii. D‡Ïk¨g~jK iii.
ii. QÙ‡e‡k _vKv ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨v‡ii AvcwËKi
AvµgY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. Kw¤úDUv‡i DbœZ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
e¨envi 237. ivKvi †gBj e‡· Avmv B-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †gBjwU‡K Kx bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii h_v_© n‡e?
235. D³ NUbvi Rb¨ †KvbwU `vqx? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
(D”PZi `ÿZv) KcÖZviYv L mvBevi hy× M n¨vwKs
¯ú¨vg

cÖkœ \ 1 \ `ybx©wZ wbim‡b Z_¨ I A‡bK cÖwZôvb Gme Z_¨ mvaviY

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| gvby‡li mvg‡b cÖKvk K‡i w`‡”Q| d‡j
DËi : c„w_exi me †`‡ki †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv mvaviY gvbyl iv‡óªi eo eo Aciva
ai‡bi `ybx©wZ i‡q‡Q| c„w_ex †_‡K Kxfv‡e Kiv nq †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv
`ybx©wZ Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ mevB bvbvfv‡e cv‡”Q|
†Póv K‡i hv‡”Q| Z_¨cÖhyw³ G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_gevi cÖkœ \ 2 \ Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm ej‡Z Kx
GKUv kw³kvjx A¯¿ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ eyS? GwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kx ai‡bi ÿwZ
n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi `ybx©wZ K‡i?
wbim‡b Z_¨cÖhyw³i ¸iæZ¡ wb‡P Av‡jvPbv DËi : Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv GK ai‡bi
Kiv n‡jv :
ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi ev †cÖvMÖvg hv
1. `ybx©wZ Kiv nq †Mvc‡b| KviY †Kv‡bv
mgvRB `ybx©wZ cÖkªq †`q bv| mvaviY mdUIq¨v‡ii Kv‡R weNœ NUvq,
Z_¨cÖhyw³ cÖ_gevi mKj Z_¨ mevi wewfbœ nvW©Iq¨v‡ii mdUIq¨vi B›Uvi‡dm
mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB webó K‡i wKsev m¤ú~Y© Kw¤úDUv‡ii
†Kv_vI †Kv‡bv `ybx©wZ n‡j †mUv Kg©ÿgZv‡K webó K‡i †`q| GwU
mevi mvg‡b cÖKvk †c‡q hv‡”Q| e¨enviKvixi A‡MvP‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i msµwgZ
2. †hme Kv‡R A‡bK UvKv e¨q Ki‡Z nq nq|
†m¸‡jv mvaviYZ †UÛv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Kw¤úDUv‡ii †h ai‡bi
GK mgq `ybx©wZcivqY cÖwZôvb ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv :
gvbyl‡K fqfxwZ †`wL‡q me KvR wb‡Riv Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡gi
wb‡q wbZ| GLb Gme KvRÑ †UÛvwis bvbv ai‡bi ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ `„k¨gvb
cÖwµqvq nq e‡j `ybx©wZ Kivi my‡hvM ÿwZ †hgb : Kw¤úDUv‡ii MwZ K‡g hvIqv,
A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q| n¨vs n‡q hvIqv, Nb Nb wieyU (Reboot) nIqv
3. Av‡M †µZv Ges we‡µZvi gv‡S `vjvj BZ¨vw`| Z‡e, †ewkifvM fvBivmB e¨enviKvixi
†kªwY Ae¯’vb K‡i GKUv weivU A¼ ARv‡šÍ Zvi wm‡÷‡gi ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| wKQz
gybvdv wn‡m‡e jy‡d wbZ| wKš‘ GLb wKQz fvBivm wm‡÷‡gi ÿwZ K‡i bv, †Kej
we‡µZviv Z_¨cÖhyw³ Ges B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨enviKvixi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| wmAvBGm
Kvi‡Y `vjvj †kªwYi mvnvh¨ QvovB bv‡g GKwU mvov RvMv‡bv fvBivm
†µZvi wbKU mivmwi cY¨ weµq Ki‡Z
cÖwZeQi 26 GwcÖj mwµq n‡q Kw¤úDUvi
cvi‡Q| d‡j †µZv I we‡µZv Df‡qB jvfevb
n‡”Q| nvW©wW¯‹‡K dig¨vU K‡i †d‡j|
4. c„w_exi A‡bK ÿgZvkxj †`k ev cÖkœ \ 3 \ Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm KZ
cÖKvi I Kx Kx ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i ÿgZvi Kvi‡Y c„w_exi
DËi : Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm `yB cÖKvi| h_v :
bvbv †`‡k bvbv ai‡bi AwePvi K‡i _v‡K| 1. wbevmx fvBivm (Resident Virus)
GKmgq Zv‡`i weiæ‡× K_v ejvi g‡Zv 2. Awbevmx fvBivm (Non-Resident Virus)
†KD wQj bv| GLb B›Uvi‡bU nIqvi Kvi‡Y
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  45
1. wbevmx fvBivm : wbevmx fvBivm 2. Awbevmx fvBivm : Awbevmx
n‡jv GK ai‡bi ÿwZKviK †cÖvMÖvg hv fvBivm n‡jv GK ai‡bi ÿwZKviK
mwµq n‡q IVvi ci †g‡gvwi‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e †cÖvMÖvg hv mwµq n‡q IVvi ci, †Kvb
Ae¯’vb †bq Ges hLbB Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg‡K msµgY Kiv hvq
†cÖvMÖvg Pvjy nq ZLbB †mB †mwU Lyu‡R †ei K‡i, msµgY Kivi ci g~j
†cÖvMÖvg‡K msµwgZ K‡i| †cÖvMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q wbqš¿Y w`‡q
wbw®Œq n‡q hvq|

cÖkœ \ 4 \ †bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËvwelqK gva¨g wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e| d‡j gvby‡li

aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µg gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ÿwZi
DËi : †bUIqv‡K©i Kvi‡Y Avgiv GLb Avi †KD m¤§yLxb n‡e|
Kv‡iv †_‡K Avjv`v bB, mevB GK mv‡_ hy³| cÖkœ \ 6 \ Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© Ges
GKw`K w`‡q GwU GKwU AmvaviY e¨vcvi, fvBiv‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k Ki|
Ab¨w`K w`‡q GwU bZzb GK ai‡bi SuywK [K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, iscyi]
ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| wKQz Amvay gvbyl GB DËi : cÖPwjZ I kbv³K…Z g¨vjIq¨vimg~‡ni
†bUIqv‡K©i †fZi w`‡q †hLv‡b Zvi hvIqvi g‡a¨ †h wZb ai‡bi g¨vjIq¨vi me‡P‡q †ewk
K_v bq, †mLv‡b hvIqvi †Póv K‡i| †h Z_¨¸‡jv †`Lv hvq Zvi g‡a¨ Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© Ges
†Mvcb ivLv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv †`Lvi †Póv K‡i| Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm Ab¨Zg| wb‡P GB `yB
†bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖKvi g¨vjIq¨v‡ii cv_©K¨ †`Iqv n‡jv :
†bUIqv‡K©i †fZi w`‡q hvevi mgq Kw¤úDUvi Kw¤úDUvi
cvmIqvW© †`Iqv nq| cvmIqvW© Ggbfv‡e Iqvg© fvBivm
†`Iqv nq hv‡Z †KD †mwU mn‡R Abygvb 1. Kw¤úDUvi 1. Kw¤úDUvi
Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| wKš‘ cvmIqvW© †ei K‡i †djvi Iqvg© †mB fvBivm Ggb
Rb¨ we‡kl Kw¤úDUvi ev we‡kl †iveU ˆZwi †cÖvMÖvg hv ai‡bi g¨vjIq¨vi
n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv mvivÿYB m¤¢ve¨ mKj †Kv‡bv hv †Kv‡bv
cvmIqvW© w`‡q †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K, hZÿY bv †bUIqv‡K© Kvh©Kix dvB‡ji
mwVK cvmIqvW©wU †ei nq| †mRb¨ Qwo‡q c‡o Ges mv‡_ hy³ nq
AvRKvj cÖvq me‡ÿ‡ÎB mwVK cvmIqvW© Ab¨vb¨ Ges dvBjwU
†`Iqvi ciI GKRb‡K XzK‡Z †`Iqv nq bv| GKUv Kw¤úDUvi‡KI Lyj‡j Ab¨vb¨
we‡kl †jLv c‡o †mwU UvBc K‡i w`‡Z nq| msµwgZ K‡i| Kvh©Kix dvB‡j
GKRb mwZ¨Kvi gvbyl †mwU mn‡RB eyS‡Z msµwgZ nq|
cv‡i wKš‘ GKwU hš¿ ev †iveU Zvi 2. Kw¤úDUvi 2. Kw¤úDUvi
g‡g©v×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| gvbyl Ges hš¿‡K Iqvg© wb‡R
Avjv`v Kivi GB c×wZ‡K ejv nq captcha| †_‡KB †bUIqvK© fvBivm
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †bUIqvK© APj n‡q †M‡j c„w_ex‡Z †_‡K †bUIqv‡K© e¨enviKvixi
Kx ai‡bi wech©q NU‡Z cv‡i †jL| Qwo‡q c‡o| n¯Í‡ÿc Qvov
DËi : †bUIqvK© APj n‡q †M‡j c„w_ex‡Z hv Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i
NU‡e Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv : bv|
1. c„w_exi †bUIqvK© APj n‡j †bUIqvK©
wbf©i m¨v‡UjvBU ev K…wÎg DcMÖn, 3. evRv‡ii cÖPwjZ 3. Kw¤úDUvi
mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi BZ¨vw` cy‡ivcywi cÖvq me fvBivm n‡Z
APj n‡q hv‡e| d‡j GK‡`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡ki Gw›UfvBivmB wb®‹…wZ †c‡Z
†hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e| Kw¤úDUvi we‡kl ai‡bi
2. mKj I‡qemvBU, †bUIqvK© mieivnKvix Iqv‡g©i Gw›UfvBivm
cÖwZôvb Ges AbjvBb wbf©i weiæ‡× e¨envi Kiv
cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©µg eÜ n‡q hv‡e| Kvh©Kix| cÖ‡qvRb nq|
3. †bUIqvK© wbf©i hvbevnb †hgb : cÖkœ \ 7 \ cvmIqvW© Kx?
wegvb, i‡KU, RvnvR, AZ¨vaywbK †Uªb cvmIqv‡W©i †MvcbxqZv iÿv Kivi Rb¨
BZ¨vw`i PjvPj eÜ n‡q hv‡e| K‡qKwU wUcm eY©bv Ki| [gwZwSj miKvwi
4. mviv we‡k¦i wUwf P¨v‡bj, †gvevBj evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
†bUIqvK© B›Uvi‡bUmn mKj cÖKvi DËi : cvmIqvW© : cvmIqvW© n‡jv GK
†QvU ev eo †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg eÜ ai‡bi wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v| GB e¨e¯’v
n‡q hv‡e| e¨enviKvix‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_¨i
5. GK‡`k †_‡K Av‡iK †`k wKsev GKB †`‡ki †MvcbxqZv iÿvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K
gvby‡li g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM Kivi
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  46
e¨enviKvix‡K Zvi cvmIqv‡W©i I‡qemvBU gvby‡li g‡a¨ mvgvwRK
†MvcbxqZv iÿvq m‡Pó _vK‡Z nq| †hvMv‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K mvgvwRK
cvmIqv‡W©i †MvcbxqZv iÿvi †hvMv‡hvM mvBU e‡j|
cÖ‡qvRbxq wUcm : cvmIqv‡W©i Kw¤úDUvi n¨vwKs : n¨vwKs ej‡Z
†MvcbxqZv iÿvi K‡qKwU wUcm wb‡P †evSv‡bv nq mswkøó KZ©„c‡ÿi ev
†`Iqv n‡jv : e¨enviKvixi webv AbygwZ‡Z Zvi
1. mswÿß cvmIqv‡W©i cwie‡Z© `xN© Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g ev †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek
cvmIqvW© e¨envi Kiv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Kiv| hviv GB KvR K‡i _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq
GgbwK †Kv‡bv wcÖq evK¨I e¨envi Kiv Kw¤úDUvi n¨vKvi ev n¨vKvi|
†h‡Z cv‡i| bvbv Kvi‡Y GKRb n¨vKvi A‡b¨i Kw¤úDUvi
2. wewfbœ ai‡bi eY© e¨envi Kiv A_©vr wm‡÷g †bUIqvK© ev I‡qemvB‡U
†Kej †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi e¨envi bv K‡i eo AbycÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ UvKv
nv‡Zi Ges †QvU nv‡Zi eY© e¨envi Kiv| Kvgv‡bv, cÖwZev` wKsev P¨v‡jÄ Kivi
3. RwUj cvmIqvW© e¨envi Kiv A_©vr kã, welqI i‡q‡Q| Z‡e A‡bK Kw¤úDUvi wbivcËv
evK¨, msL¨v Ges cÖZx‡Ki mgš^‡q we‡klÁMY n¨vKvi‡`i Amr AbycÖ‡ekKvix
cvmIqvW© ˆZwi Kiv| ej‡Z Pvb bv| Zviv Amr D‡Ïk¨
4. †ewki fvM AbjvBb mvB‡U cvmIqv‡W©i AbycÖ‡ekKvixi µ¨vKvi wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
kw³gËv hvPvB‡qi my‡hvM _v‡K| Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| Z‡e wek¦e¨vcx Kw¤úDUvi
wbqwgZ †m my‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡q wm‡÷g †bUIqvK© ev I‡qemvB‡U webv
cvmIqv‡W©i kw³gËv hvPvB Kiv Ges AbygwZ‡Z AbycÖ‡ekKvix‡K mvaviYfv‡e
kw³gËv Kg n‡j Zv evwo‡q †bIqv| n¨vKviB ejv n‡q _v‡K|
5. A‡b‡KB e¨envi K‡ib (†hgb : mvBevi
K¨v‡d, BDwbqb Z_¨ I †mev †K›`ª) Ggb we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k n¨vwKs‡K Aciva
wm‡÷g e¨envi Ki‡j Avmb Z¨v‡Mi wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k GwU
c~‡e© mswkøó mvBU †_‡K jM AvDU Aciva| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ AvBb
Kiv| 2006 (ms‡kvwaZ 2009) Abymv‡i
6. A‡b‡KB cvmIqvW© g¨v‡bRvi e¨envi n¨vwKs‡qi Rb¨ 3 †_‡K 7 eQ‡ii Kviv`‡Êi
K‡ib| †hgb : lastpass, keepass BZ¨vw` weavb i‡q‡Q|
e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ \ 10 \ n¨vKvi‡`i cÖKvi‡f` ms‡ÿ‡c
7. wbqwgZ cvmIqvW© cwieZ©‡bi Af¨vm eY©bv Ki|
M‡o †Zvjv| DËi : wewfbœ cÖKvi n¨vKvi n‡jv :
cÖkœ \ 8 \ g¨vjIq¨vi Kx? Kxfv‡e 1. †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi
g¨vjIq¨vi n‡Z wb®‹…wZ cvIqv hvq? 2. eø¨vK n¨vU n¨vKvi
DËi : g¨vjIq¨vi : g¨vjIq¨vi n‡”Q ÿwZKviK 3. †MÖ n¨vU n¨vKvi|
mdUIq¨vi, hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii wm‡÷g 1. †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi : †h mKj
mdUIq¨vi I A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨v‡ii n¨vKvi †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡gi DbœwZi Rb¨
Kvw•ÿZ Kv‡R weNœ NUvq, wewfbœ D³ wm‡÷‡gi wbivcËv ÎæwUmg~n
nvW©Iq¨v‡ii mdUIq¨vi B›Uvi‡dm webó Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Zv‡K Gw_K¨vj n¨vKvi ev
K‡i, GgbwK m¤ú~Y© Kw¤úDUv‡ii †nvqvBU n¨vU n¨vKvi e‡j|
Kvh©ÿgZv bó K‡i †`q| 2. eø¨vK n¨vU n¨vKvi : eø¨vK n¨vU
g¨vjIq¨vi n‡Z wb®‹…wZ cvIqvi Dcvq : n¨vKv‡ii KvR n‡”Q A‰eafv‡e †Kv‡bv
we‡kl ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi e¨enviKvixi Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g ev
K‡i g¨vjIq¨vi Z_v fvBivm, Iqvg© wKsev †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek K‡i Amr D‡Ïk¨ mvab
†UªvRvb nm© BZ¨vw` †_‡K wb®‹…wZ Kiv|
cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq Gw›UfvBivm ev 3. †MÖ n¨vU n¨vKvi : †MÖ n¨vU n¨vKvi
Gw›Ug¨vjIq¨vi mdUIq¨vi| †ewkifvM n‡”Q †nvqvU n¨vU n¨vKvi Ges eø¨vK
Gw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨vi wewfbœ n¨vU n¨vKv‡ii gvSvgvwS ch©vqfz³|
g¨vjIq¨v‡ii weiæ‡× Kvh©Kix n‡jI cÖ_g GB ai‡bi n¨vKviiv KL‡bv n¨vwKs K‡i
†_‡K Gw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨vi bv‡g cwiwPZ| fv‡jv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv
evRv‡i cÖPwjZ cÖvq mKj Gw›UfvBivm n¨vwKs K‡i _v‡K e¨enviKvixi ÿwZmvab
mdUIq¨vi fvBivm wfbœ Ab¨vb¨ g¨vjIq¨v‡ii Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨|
weiæ‡× Kvh©Kix| cÖkœ \ 11 \ Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© Kxfv‡e
cÖkœ \ 9 \ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM Kw¤úDUv‡i we¯Ívi jvf K‡i eY©bv Ki|
mvBU Kx? Kw¤úDUvi n¨vwKs DËi : Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© n‡”Q GKwU
m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL| ÿwZKviK mdUIq¨vi| mvaviYZ Kw¤úDUvi
DËi : mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM mvBU : fvBivm GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨
Iqvì© IqvBW I‡qe-Gi gva¨‡g †h mKj Kw¤úDUv‡i GKvKx Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i bv|
 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  47
wKš‘ Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© wb‡R †_‡KB msµwgZ nq| cÿvšÍ‡i, Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg©
†bUIqvK© †_‡K †bUIqv‡K© Qwo‡q c‡o n‡jv †mB †cÖvMÖvg, hv †Kv‡bv
Ges †bUIqvK©fz³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K AvµvšÍ †bUIqv‡K© Qwo‡q c‡o Ges Ab¨vb¨
K‡i| Gici Kw¤úDUv‡i msiwÿZ wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi‡KI msµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kw¤úDUvi
Z_¨, dvBj wKsev wewfbœ mdUIq¨vi-Gi fvBivm e¨enviKvixi n¯Í‡ÿc Qvov Qwo‡q
Kvh©KvwiZv bó K‡i| A_©vr B›Uvi‡b‡Ui co‡Z cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K, Iqvg© wb‡R
gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi Iqvg© Lye mn‡RB Ab¨ †_‡KB †bUIqvK© †_‡K †bUIqv‡K© Qwo‡q
Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwo‡q e¨enviKvixi c‡o Ges †bUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvi‡K AvµvšÍ
Kw¤úDUvi‡K ÿwZ Ki‡Q| K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 12 \ Kw¤úDUvi‡K fvBivmgy³ cÖkœ \ 15 \ Z_¨ AwaKvi Kx? Z_¨
Ki‡Z Kx Kx Kiv hvq ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki| AwaKvi AvBb m¤ú‡K© †jL|
DËi : †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ [wSbvB`n miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
n‡j KvR Kivi MwZ K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i ev wW‡¯‹i DËi : Z_¨ AwaKvi : ivóªxq Kvh©vewji
bvg cwieZ©b I A‡hŠw³K evZ©v mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges RbM‡Yi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cÖ`wk©Z n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Kw¤úDUviwU‡K Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKviB n‡jv Z_¨ AwaKvi|
fvBivmgy³ Kivi Rb¨ fvBivm cÖwZ‡ivax Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb : Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡b
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Z_¨ ej‡Z †Kv‡bv KZ©„c‡ÿi MVb, KvVv‡gv I
fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ Kw¤úDUv‡i me©‡kl `vßwiK Kg©KvÊ msµvšÍ †h‡Kv‡bv ¯§viK,
fvm©‡bi kw³kvjx Gw›UfvBivm Bb÷j K‡i eB, bKkv, gvbwPÎ, Pzw³, Z_¨ DcvË, jMeB,
Kw¤úUv‡ii AšÍfz©³ mKj dvBj ¯‹¨vb Ki‡Z Av‡`k, weÁwß, `wjj, bgybv, cÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b,
n‡e| AwiwRbvj jvB‡mÝavix Gw›UfvBivm wnmve weeiYx, cÖKí cÖ¯Íve, Av‡jvKwPÎ,
e¨envi Ki‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hv‡e| GQvov AwWI, wfwWI, Aw¼ZwPÎ, wdj¥,
Gw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨viwU wbqwgZ B‡jKUªwbK cÖwµqvq cÖ¯‘ZK…Z †h‡Kv‡bv
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Avc‡WU Ki‡Z n‡e| Bb÷ªy‡g›U, hvwš¿Kfv‡e cvV‡hvM¨
Zvic‡iI fvBivm `~i bv n‡j Kw¤úDUviwU‡Z `wjjvw` Ges †fŠwZK MVb I ˆewkó¨
e¨eüZ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷gwU AvbBb÷j K‡i wbwe©‡k‡l Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨en e¯‘ ev
Avevi bZzbfv‡e Bb÷j Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡`i cÖwZwjwc AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
cÖkœ \ 13 \ evwYwR¨K I‡qemvBU-Gi cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡k wKQz we‡kl Z_¨‡K GB AvB‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv K‡i| AvIZv †_‡K gy³ ivLv n‡q‡Q| †hgb : †Kv‡bv
DËi : evwYwR¨K I‡qemvBU n‡jv †h mKj we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x©i msL¨v, wkÿ‡Ki
I‡qemvB‡U cY¨ †ePv‡Kbv Kiv ev cY¨ msL¨v, cixÿvi wd BZ¨vw` Z_¨ RvbvUv
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 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  48
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 Aóg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  49
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