1. India recently announced a US$ 100 million 5.

Consider the following statements:

fresh line of Credit for the connectivity 1. Coral reefs are found in both tropical
project which is an infrastructure project to and deep-sea ecosystems.
link its capital with its nearby islands of
2. Great Nicobar and Sundarbans are home
Villingli, Gulhifalhu and Thilafushi. Uthuru
to some of India's major coral reef
Thilafalhu (UTF) atoll is a major atoll of this
formations.
country. It is part of the Colombo Security
Conclave which envisages peaceful 3. Coral reefs are primarily composed of
cooperation in the Indian Ocean. calcium phosphate secreted by coralline
Which of the following country is being algae.
described in the above-given passage? 4. Coral reefs require warm, shallow, and
(a) Maldives clear waters to thrive in marine
(b) Mauritius ecosystems.
(c) Sri Lanka
How many of the above statements are
(d) Fiji
correct?

2. 'Delhi Chalo Movement’ is associated with: (a) Only one

(a) Swadeshi Movement (b) Only two
(b) Quit India Movement (c) Only three
(c) Individual Satyagraha (d) All four
(d) Bardoli Satyagraha
6. Which of the following rivers primarily
3. “Extended Fund Facility” and “Stand-by
contributed to the fertility of the
Arrangement” are related to the provisions
Mesopotamian region within the Fertile
of lending by which one of the following?
Crescent?
(a) Asian Development Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund (a) Nile and Jordan
(c) United Nations Environment Programme (b) Tigris and Euphrates
Finance Initiative (c) Indus and Ganges
(d) World Bank (d) Danube and Rhine

4. In the context of Bhitarkanika National Park, 7. How many of the following tree species
consider the following statements:
depends exclusively on bats for its
1. The park is famous for having one of the
pollination in nature?
largest populations of saltwater
1. Baobab
crocodiles in India.
2. It is a dry deciduous forest ecosystem 2. Dillenia biflora
with minimal aquatic biodiversity. 3. Mango
3. The park has been included under 4. Guava
UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites Select the correct answer using the code
How many of the statements given above are given below.
correct?
(a) Only one
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(c) All three
(d) None (d) All four

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8. Which of the following best defines a ‘Blue 11. The IUCN has also raised concerns about
frankincense-producing trees (Boswellia
Moon’?
species). In this context, consider the
(a) A phenomenon when the Moon appears
following statements:
blue due to atmospheric dust during a 1. Frankincense trees are endemic to the

lunar eclipse. region of the African continent.

2. Frankincense trees grow best in dense,
(b) The occurrence of two new moons
high-rainfall tropical forests.
within the same calendar month. 3. Frankincense resin has been used as
(c) A full moon that appears closest to the incense, perfume, and medicine.
How many of the statements given above are
Earth and looks larger and brighter than
correct?
usual. (a) Only one
(d) The second full moon occurring within (b) Only two
(c) All three
the same calendar month.
(d) None

9. Arrange the following National Parks in 12. Consider the following information :
Species Name IUCN Status Distribution
India from North to South:
in India
1. Dachigam National Park 1. Malabar Critically Western
2. Khangchendzonga National Park Civet Endangered Ghats

3. Gangotri National Park 2. Snow Endangered Himalayas

Leopard
4. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
3. Lesser Critically Western
Select the correct answer using the codes Florican Endangered India
given below: In how many of the above rows is the
given information correctly matched?
(a) 1 - 2 - 4 - 3
(a) Only one
(b) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1 (b) Only two
(c) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 (c) All theee
(d) None
(d) 1 - 3 - 2 - 4

13. The Warrant of Precedence in India, which

10. Which of the following is primarily is an official order that ranks government
officials and dignitaries based on their
responsible for the current accelerated
protocol status for ceremonial and state
expansion of the universe? functions, is published by:
(a) Dark Matter (a) Prime Minister’s Office (PMO)
(b) Ministry of Home Affairs
(b) Dark Energy
(c) President’s Secretariat
(c) Antigravity (d) Ministry of Personnel, Public
(d) Cosmic Inflation Grievances and Pensions
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14. Consider the following statements regarding 17. Sasaini, Hispar, and Khordopin are best
the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): associated with which of the following?
1. The CBI is subject to dual supervision (a) Seasonal rivers in the Zanskar Valley
by the Central Vigilance Commission originating from Himalayan snowmelt
(CVC) and the Ministry of Personnel, (b) Mountain passes of the Dhauladhar
Public Grievances, and Pensions. Range used historically by traders from
2. The deputation of police officers to the Ladakh
CBI requires the approval of the (c) Glaciers in the Karakoram region
respective state government where the contributing to river systems in the
officer is serving. region
3. The CBI investigates serious and (d) Glacier-eroded plateaus in the cold
organized crimes, including cases of desert region of Himachal Pradesh and
terrorism. Ladakh
How many of the statements given above are
correct? 18. Which of the following effects are
(a) Only one
commonly associated with hyperinflation?
(b) Only two
1. Encourages hoarding of goods
(c) All three
2. Erodes real wages and savings
(d) None
3. Leads to overvaluation of domestic
currency
15. Consider the following statements:
4. Weakens the central bank's credibility
1. Police can arrest an accused involved in
Select the correct answer using the code
a cognizable crime only with a warrant
given below.
from the Court.
(a) 1 and 3 only
2. Non-cognizable offences do not need
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
express permission from courts because
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
of their serious nature.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
19. Consider the following statements about
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only Warren Hastings:
(c) Both 1 and 2 1. He ended the Dual System in Bengal and
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 made Calcutta the capital of Bengal.
2. He introduced the Ijaredari system in
16. Consider the following pairs: which the right to collect revenue was
Volcanic mountain Country given to the highest bidder.
1. Spurr : Russia 3. He stablished the Board of Revenue for
2. Lewotobi : Indonesia the Company's Diwani work and
3. Erebus : Iceland appointed ‘collectors for revenue
4. Kanlaon : Japan collection.
How many of the above pairs are correctly How many of the above statements are
matched? correct?
(a) Only one (a) Only one
(b) Only two (b) Only two
(c) Only three (c) All three
(d) All four (d) None
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20. PolG disease is a genetic disorder that 24. Consider the following:
directly affects which of the following
1. Convention on the Conservation of
organelles, leading to impaired energy
production and cellular dysfunction? Migratory Species of Wild Animals

(a) Ribosomes 2. Minamata Convention on Mercury

(b) Nucleus
3. Vienna Convention for the Protection of
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Lysosomes the Ozone Layer

4. Stockholm Convention of Persistent

21. Consider the following pairs:
Organic Pollutants
Indus Valley site Excavators
1. Harappa : R D Bannerji Arrange the above conventions in the correct
2. Mohenjodaro : Dayaram Sahani chronological order from the earliest to the
3. Lothal : J P Joshi
latest.
Which of the pairs given above is/are
correctly matched? (a) 2–3–1–4
(a) 1 only (b) 3–1–2–4
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1–3–4–2
(c) 3 only
(d) None (d) 3–2–4–1

22. Consider the following statements:

25. Consider the following statements:
1. Gujarat is the only state in India that
produces agate and chalk. 1. Recently, scientists from the University
2. Chhattisgarh is the sole producer of tin of California, Berkley, have X-rayed a
concentrate in the country.
single atom for the first time.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct? 2. An X-ray's wavelength distribution is
(a) 1 only similar to an atom's size.
(b) 2 only
3. Scientists have used the synchrotron X-
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 ray scanning tunneling microscopy

method to image a single atom of Iron

23. Delegated legislation means a legislation
and Terbium.
which is passed by a body to which the
power of legislation is delegated by the How many of the above statements are
statute. Where in the Consitution of India we correct?
find the inspiration/source of delegated
(a) Only one
legislation provisions?
(a) Article 75 (b) Only two
(b) Article 122 (c) All three
(c) Article 142
(d) None
(d) Article 312
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26. Tri Party Repo Dealing System (TREPS) is a 28. Arrange the following events in
money market platform operated by the chronological order:
Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL) 1. Launch of Golden Quadrilateral Project
for repo transactions in government 2. Launch of Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
securities, where a third-party agent manages 3. Commencement of operations of the
collateral and settlement. In this context, National Stock Exchange (NSE)
Which of the following entities are eligible Select the correct answer using the code
to participate in TREPS? given below.

1. Public Sector Banks (a) 2-1-3

2. Co-operative Banks (b) 3-1-2

3. Mutual Funds (c) 1-3-2

4. Insurance Companies (d) 3-2-1

Select the correct answer using the code

given below. 29. In the context of Sanyasi-Fakir rebellion of

(a) 1 and 2 only 18th century, consider the following

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only statements:

(c) 3 and 4 only 1. The sanyasis were descendants of the

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 'dasnami' group who were followers of

Shankaracharya.

27. With reference to the GST (Goods and 2. It was a combined armed resistance by

Services Tax) Council, consider the Sanyasis and Muslim Fakir against the

following statements: East India Company of India

1. The 100th Constitutional Amendment 3. The Sanyasis apart from being religious

Act of 2016 led to the formation of the mendicants acted as traders,

GST Council. moneylenders and mercenaries.

2. The vote of the central government shall 4. They revolted mainly against the

have equal weightage to the votes of all reversal of benefits like having tax-free

state governments in the council lands and free movement which they

proceedings. received traditionally.

Which of the statements given above is/are How many of the statements given above are

correct? correct?

(a) 1 only (a) Only two

(b) 2 only (b) Only three

(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) All four

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) None

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30. Consider the following description: 33. Consider the following statements regarding
1. It is a high-altitude wetland and an initiatives for promoting women
important breeding ground for the
entrepreneurship in India:
Black-necked Crane.
2. The site experiences extreme cold desert 1. Fifty percent of annual procurement by
conditions, with temperatures dropping Central Public Sector Enterprises
below freezing for most of the year. (CPSEs) is reserved for women-owned
3. It is located in a rain-shadow region,
MSMEs.
making it one of the driest wetlands in
the country. 2. 10 percent of the Fund of Funds for
Which of the following Ramsar sites is best Startups (FFS) managed by Small
described by the description given above? Industries Development Bank of India
(a) Loktak Lake
(SIDBI) is reserved exclusively for
(b) Wular Lake
(c) Tso Kar Wetland Complex women-led startups.
(d) Chandra Taal Wetland 3. The Indian Patent Act provides for
expedited examination of a patent
31. How many of the following are the
application if at least one applicant is a
characteristics of a mangrove ecosystem?
1. Aerial Roots female.
2. Exhibit vivipary How many of the statements given above are
3. Saline and Waterlogged Conditions correct?
4. Low Biodiversity
(a) Only one
Select the correct answer using the code
given below. (b) Only two
(a) Only one (c) All three
(b) Only two (d) None
(c) Only three
(d) All four
34. Consider the following pairs:
32. Consider the following statements regarding Tectonic Plate Location
various types of investments in an economy : 1. Macquarie : Sits south of
1. Induced Investment changes with
microplate Tasmania
income levels and economic activity.
2. Autonomous Investment is independent 2. Capricorn : Separates the Indian
of income and economic fluctuations. microplate and Australian plates
3. Impact Investment aims for both
3. Pontous : South China Sea
financial returns and positive social or
How many of the above pairs are correctly
environmental outcomes.
How many of the statements given above are matched?
correct? (a) Only one
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(c) All three
(d) None (d) None

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35. Consider the following pairs: 38. With reference to the joint session of
Term Description parliament, consider the following
1. Isohaline : Same Salinity statements:
1. A joint sitting of parliament cannot be
2. Isohyte : Same Sunshine
summoned if the bill under dispute has
3. Isohel : Same Precipitation
already lapsed due to the dissolution of
How many of the pairs given above are the Lok Sabha.
correctly matched? 2. In the absence of the speaker and deputy
(a) Only one speaker of Lok Sabha, the chairman of
(b) Only two Rajya Sabha presides over the joint
(c) All three sitting.
3. The quorum to constitute a joint sitting
(d) None
is one-tenth of the total number of
members of the two Houses.
36. Consider the following statements regarding
Which of the statements given above are
the Seagrasses: correct?
1. Seagrasses are flowering marine plants (a) 1 and 2 only
that grow in shallow coastal waters. (b) 2 and 3 only
2. Antarctica is the only continent without (c) 1 and 3 only
seagrasses. (d) 1, 2 and 3

3. Seagrasses reproduce both asexual

39. Consider the following:
clonal growth and sexual reproduction.
1. Green Credit Programme (GCP)
How many of the above statements are 2. International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)
correct? 3. One Trillion Trees Initiative
(a) Only one 4. High Ambition Coalition for Nature and
(b) Only two People
(c) All three How many of the above initiatives have been
launched by India?
(d) None
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
37. Consider the following statements about the
(c) Only three
Primary Market: (d) All four
1. Retail investors cannot participate in
Initial Public Offer (IPOs) through the 40. Which of the following has been exempted
primary market. from GST as per recent decisions of the
2. Rights issues and preferential allotments GST?
1. Fortified Rice Kernels
are part of the primary market
2. Gene Therapy
operations.
3. Penal Charges collected by Banks
Which of the statements given above is/are Select the correct answer using the code
correct? given below.
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
41. Which of the following best describes 44. Expedition 72, recently seen in the news, is
'externalities' in the context of Economics? related to which of the following?
(a) It is the total cost of production incurred
(a) A joint Indo-Pacific naval exercise
by a firm.
(b) It refers to the impact of government conducted in the South China Sea.
policies on market prices. (b) A scientific research voyage to
(c) It is the revenue generated by firms from Antarctica under the Indian Antarctic
international trade.
Programme.
(d) It is the unintended side effects of an
economic activity on third parties. (c) A long-duration crewed mission to the
International Space Station (ISS).
42. Consider the following statements: (d) A SpaceX mission involving the first
Statement I: The Global Methane Pledge,
commercial space station module
launched at COP26, aims to reduce methane
launch.
emissions by 30% by 2030 from 2020 levels.
Statement II: Methane is a long-lived climate
pollutant with a high global warming 45. Recently, a new species was identified in
potential (GWP).
Meghalaya named Channa nachi, this
Which one of the following is correct in
species marks the rich biodiversity of the
respect of the above statements?
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are region. This species is related to which of
correct, and Statement II is the correct the following?
explanation for Statement I (a) Snake
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(b) Fish
correct, but Statement II is not the
correct explanation for Statement I (c) Bamboo
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (d) Butterfly
incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II
46. Consider the following statements regarding
is correct
yakshas:
43. Consider the following statements regarding 1. In some traditions they were worshipped
'Jalvahak' scheme: as the God of fertility.
1. It incentivizes the movement of long-
2. They were regarded as demonic
haul cargo via NW-1 (River Ganga),
NW-2 (River Brahmaputra), and NW-16 creatures in some Brahmanical and
(River Barak). Buddhist texts.
2. It offers reimbursement upto 100% of 3. They were worshipped in some regions
total operating expenditure incurred
as the God of merchants and travelers.
while transporting cargo through
waterways. How many of the statements given above are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
correct? (a) Only one
(a) 1 only
(b) Only two
(b) 2 only
(c) All three
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) None
9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
47. Consider the following statements with 50. In the context of the International Trade
respect to Rig Vedic Age: Settlement in Indian Rupees (INR) initiative
1. They had the knowledge of different
by the RBI, which of the following
seasons for agriculture.
statements correctly describe the Special
2. Land formed the most important form of
Rupee Vostro Account (SRVA)?
private wealth.
3. Aryan people were acquainted with land 1. SRVA requires prior approval from the
routes. RBI before being opened.
Which of the statement given above are 2. SRVA enables international trade
correct?
settlements in Indian Rupees,
(a) 1, 2 and 3
complementing the existing foreign
(b) 2 and 3 only
currency-based system.
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1 and 3 only 3. The exchange rate between INR and
foreign currency must be fixed by the
48. Due to some reasons, if there is a significant RBI for SRVA transactions.
decline in the population of honeybees, what
Select the correct answer using the code
could be its likely consequences?
given below.
1. Pollination of several crops could be
(a) 1 and 2 only
severely affected, reducing agricultural
yields. (b) 2 and 3 only
2. There could be a sharp increase in (c) 1 and 3 only
populations of other pollinators like (d) 1, 2 and 3
butterflies and beetles.
3. It may lead to a decline in species that
51. Which of the following was/were the
depend on honeybees for food, such as
outcome of the Nagpur Session of Indian
some birds and mammals.
Select the correct answer using the code National Congress in 1920?
given below: 1. Launch of Civil Disobedience
(a) 1 only Movement.
(b) 2 and 3 only
2. Attainment of Swaraj by peaceful and
(c) 1 and 3 only
legitimate means was set as the goal of
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Congress.

49. Phos-Chek, recently seen in the news, is a: 3. Provincial Congress Committees were
(a) Newly developed antibiotic for treating organized on linguistic basis.
bacterial infections. Select the correct answer using the code
(b) Chemical compound used as a fire
given below.
retardant in wildfire suppression.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) Type of fertilizer used to enhance crop
(b) 1 and 3 only
yield.
(d) Satellite launched for environmental (c) 2 only
monitoring. (d) 2 and 3 only
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
52. Consider the following statements regarding 55. Consider the following statements with
the BharatNet Project: regard to the associations/groups formed
1. The project aims to provide high-speed during the Non-Cooperation movement:
broadband connectivity to all gram 1. Anti-non-Cooperation association was
panchayats in India. established by a section of businessmen
2. It is being implemented by Bharat against the movement.
Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) 2. Foreign Cloth Boycott Committee was
under the Ministry of Electronics and organized to propagate ideas of the
Information Technology. programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

53. Consider the following statements regarding 56. Doon Valleys, such as Dehradun, are found
the Judges Protection Act, 1985: between:
1. The Act applies to judges of the (a) Great Himalayas and Lesser Himalayas.
Supreme Court, High Courts, and (b) Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas.
Subordinate Courts but does not extend (c) Lesser Himalayas and Trans-Himalayas.
to members of tribunals. (d) Great Himalayas and Shivaliks.
2. The Act provides immunity to only
sitting and not retired judges from 57. The terms "Hard Fork" and "Soft Fork" are
criminal proceedings for acts performed primarily related to which of the following
in their judicial capacity. technologies?
3. The Act lays down a detailed procedure (a) Cryptocurrency and blockchain
for registering an FIR against a judge technology
accused of misconduct. (b) Genetic modifications in crops
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) Cybersecurity protocols in cloud
correct? computing
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) Strategies used in information warfare
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 58. Which of the following best describes the
(d) None of the above role of 'Bargis' during the Medieval period?
(a) They were elite cavalry units were used
54. MITRA, a new digital platform to assist for rapid assaults in battlefield
investors in tracking and reclaiming inactive engagement.
or unclaimed mutual fund folios, was (b) They were mercenary groups well-
launched by which organization? known for their large-scale plundering in
(a) Association of Mutual Funds in India regions like Bengal.
(b) Securities and Exchange Board of India (c) They were administrative officers in
(SEBI) charge of tax collection in the provinces.
(c) International Financial Services Centres (d) They were religious leaders that
Authority responsible for maintaining law and
(d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) order within the empire.
11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
59. Consider the following statements: 62. Consider the following statements regarding
1. A British committee of the Indian Whistleblowing in India under Whistle
National Congress was established in
London in 1889. Blowers Protection Act, 2014:
2. In 1892, Dadabhai Naoroji held a 1. Whistleblower can be a government
session of the Indian National Congress
official or an non-governmental
in London.
Which of the statements given above is/are organization.
correct? 2. It does not apply to the armed forces of
(a) 1 only
the Union.
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 3. Complainant must disclose his
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 particulars in order to invoke action by
the authorities.
60. It is conducted when more than one person
stakes a claim to form the government. Which of the statements given above is/are
When the majority is not clear, the governor correct?
might call for a special session to see who
(a) 2 and 3 only
has the majority. The majority is counted
based on those present and voting. This can (b) 1, 2 and 3
also be done through a voice vote where the (c) 1 and 2 only
member can respond orally or through
(d) 3 only
division voting. Some legislators may be
absent or choose not to vote.
Which of the following is best explained in 63. In the context of cultural history of India,
the passage given above?
"Batik art", is a:
(a) Composite floor test
(b) Confidence motion (a) form of painting done on walls using
(c) No-confidence motion natural pigments.
(d) Division vote
(b) textile art where patterns are created by

61. With reference to Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam applying wax to fabric.

Ltd. (ASHVINI), consider the following (c) type of pottery decoration using clay and
statements:
paint.
1. ASHVINI is a joint venture between
NPCIL and NTPC, with NPCIL holding (d) form of sculpture created using metal
the majority stake. and stones.
2. ASHVINI will function under the
Atomic Energy Act, 1962.
3. It is established to build, own, and 64. The term ‘justice’ in the preamble mainly
operate nuclear power plants in India. refers to which of the following?
Which of the statements given above are
(a) Retributive justice
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) Distributive justice
(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Corrective justice
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Procedural justice

12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

65. With reference to advanced computing 67. With reference to ‘Tiger Reserves in India’,
technologies, consider the following consider the following pairs:
statements: Tiger Reserve State
1. Cloud computing enables high-speed
1. Sariska Tiger Reserve : Odisha
real-time data processing, whereas Edge
2. Valmiki Tiger Reserve : Bihar
computing is used for non-time-sensitive
3. Satkosia Tiger Reserve : Rajasthan
data processing.
Which of the pairs given above is/are
2. Cloud computing operates remotely and
correctly matched?
requires minimal internet connectivity,
(a) 2 only
whereas Edge computing relies on a
stable internet connection. (b) 1 and 2 only

3. Cloud computing is ideal for handling (c) 3 only

highly sensitive data with strict (d) 2 and 3 only

regulatory compliance, whereas Edge
computing is suited for dynamic 68. Consider the following statements about
workloads and large datasets.
Tribunals established under Article 323A
How many statements given above are
and 323B:
correct?
1. Tribunals established under Article
(a) Only one
323A deal exclusively with service
(b) Only two
matters of government employees.
(c) All three
2. Article 323B allows the creation of a
(d) None
hierarchy of tribunals at both the Union

66. Which of the following industries flourished and State levels.

during the Vijayanagara Empire? 3. Tribunals under Article 323A can be

1. Jaggery & Sugar created only by Parliament, while
2. Textile tribunals under Article 323B can be
3. Leather
established by both Parliament and State
4. Oil Pressing
Legislatures.
5. Salt Manufacturing
Which of the statements given above are
Select the correct answer from the code
correct?
given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 2, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(c) 1 and 5 only (c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) 1, 2 and 3

13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
69. Consider the following statements regarding 72. Arrange the following saints of bhakti
the World Trade Organization (WTO): movement in correct chronological order:
1. The First Ministerial Conference of the 1. Surdas
WTO was held in Singapore in 1996. 2. Vallabhacharya

2. No WTO Ministerial Conference has 3. Gnanadeva

been held in India till now. 4. Basavanna

Select the correct answer using the code
3. The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)
given below.
was a key outcome of the Bali
(a) 1-2-3-4
Ministerial Conference in 2013.
(b) 1-3-2-4
How many of the statements given above
(c) 4-3-2-1
is/are correct?
(d) 3-1-4-2
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
73. Consider the following:
(c) All three 1. Proclamation of Emergency
(d) None 2. Provisions as to financial emergency
3. Provisions in case of failure of
70. Which one of the following statements is not constitutional machinery in States
correct regarding the Sukanya Samriddhi Under the Indian Constitution, how many of
Yojana? the above are included in the Emergency
(a) The guardian can open the account provisions under Part XVIII?
immediately after the birth of the girl (a) Only one
child till she attains the age of 18 years. (b) Only two
(b) Parents can open a maximum of two (c) All three

accounts for each of their children (d) None

except in case of twins or triplets.

74. Consider the following statements regarding
(c) Patents can open a Sukanya Samriddhi
the architecture in during Delhi Sultanate
account for girls at any post office or
period:
designated commercial bank branch.
1. They started using slab and beam
(d) The account matures upon the
construction was for roofs.
completion of twenty-one years of the
2. They built minars around mosques and
account holder from its opening date.
mausoleums.
3. They used human and animal figures in
71. Which of the following recently became the their architecture.
first Indian State to have commission for Which of the statements given above is/are
elderly? correct?
(a) Gujarat (a) 3 only
(b) Tamil Nadu (b) 2 only
(c) Maharashtra (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) Kerala (d) 1 and 2 only
14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
75. Article 257 of the Indian Constitution 78. Consider the following pairs :
empowers the Union Government to extend Philosophy Founder
directions to the States in certain areas. 1. Advaita : Ramanujacharya
Which of the following matters are 2. Dvaita : Shankaracharya
specifically mentioned in the Constitution, 3. Vishistadvaita : Madhvacharya
on which the Union can issue such directions How many of the above pairs are correctly
to the States? matched?
(a) Only one
1. Construction and maintenance of means
(b) Only two
of communication of national or military
(c) All three
importance
(d) None
2. Protection of the railways within the
state
79. Consider the following statements regarding
3. Allocation of resources for State the major geological systems of India:
development 1. The Archaean rock system occupies
4. Regulation of minerals and mineral nearly two-thirds of the Peninsular
resources Indian landmass.
5. Protection of national parks and wildlife 2. The Dharwar rock system occurs in
sanctuaries scattered patches and extends as far
Select the correct answer using the code north as the Aravalli range.
below. 3. The Cuddapah system is prominently
(a) 1 and 2 only known for its red sandstones, which
(b) 1 only were widely used for historical
(c) 3, 4 and 5 only structures.
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Which of the statements given above are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
76. With reference to medieval Indian history,
(b) 2 and 3 only
what does At-Chala and Dalaan mean?
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) These were taxes collected in the eastern
(d) 1, 2 and 3
part of Mughal empire.
(b) These were temple architectural styles in
80. The Maritime Development Fund was
Bengal. announced in the budget 2025-26. With
(c) These were literary texts written on war reference to this consider the following
by scholars in Rajasthan. statements:
(d) These were pottery making styles of 1. It will be a Rs.25000 crore fund for
North India. long-term financing for the maritime
industry.
77. Which of the following commodity boards 2. 75 percent of the fund cntribution will
does not come under the Ministry of come from the private sector and ports.
Commerce and Industry, Government of Which of the statements given above is/are
India? correct?
(a) Rubber Board (a) 1 only
(b) Coir Board (b) 2 only
(c) Tea Board (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Coffee board
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
81. Consider the following statements regarding 84. The Kilkanakku texts in Sangam literature
Card Tokenisation in India: deals with:
1. Tokenisation and de-tokenisation of (a) prescription of code of conduct for
cards can be performed only with the
various social groups in society.
approval of National Payments
(b) narration and glorification of heroic
Corporation of India (NPCI).
works of rulers.
2. Contactless card transactions are not
allowed under tokenisation. (c) earliest information about Tamil
3. Customers need not pay any charges for grammar and literary works.
availing tokenisation services. (d) description of socio economic conditions
How many of the statements given above are of Pandyan kingdom.
correct?
(a) Only one
85. Consider the following statements:
(b) Only two
1. As per the Henley Passport Index 2025,
(c) All three
India holds a rank among the top 50
(d) None
countries.
82. Consider the following pairs : 2. An Indian-passport holder can have visa-
Commodity Top Producer free access in a total of 45 countries.
1. Milk : Gujarat Which of the statements given is/are correct?
2. Eggs : Andhra Pradesh (a) 1 only
3. Wool : Jammu and Kashmir (b) 2 only
4. Meat : Uttar Pradesh
(c) Both 1 and 2
How many of the pairs given above are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
correctly matched?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two 86. Consider the following statements regarding
(c) Only three Fundamental Rights in India:
(d) All four 1. The Right to Free and Compulsory
Education under Article 21A does not
83. Consider the following statements with apply to unaided minority institutions.
regards to the literature works during the
2. Every citizen has a fundamental right to
period of the Rashtrakutas:
become a member of a voluntary
1. Adipurana, the life stories of various
association or cooperatives.
Jain saints was written by Gunabhadra.
2. Parsvabhudaya, a biography of Parsva 3. Article 32 applies only to violations of
was composed by Jinasena. fundamental rights by the State, and not
3. Amogavarsha’s Kavirajamarga was the against private individuals or entities.
first poetic work in Kannada language. How many of the statements given above are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
correct?
(a) Only one
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Only two
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) All three
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None

16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

87. The ‘Global Stocktake Report’, recently in 90. Consider the following aspects regarding
the news, is related to: Ecomark certification:
(a) Assessing the progress of countries in 1. It helps consumers identify
meeting their Paris Agreement goals environmentally friendly products.
(b) Tracking global Biodiversity loss and 2. It is granted to products that are 100%
Conservation Efforts biodegradable only.
(c) Monitoring the impact of climate change 3. The application process is managed by
on ocean currents the Central Pollution Control Board
(d) Evaluating the financial commitment of (CPCB).
developed nations toward climate 4. It is valid for 5 years from the date of
mitigation issuance.
Which of the statements given above is/are
88. Which one of the following uses pebbles as correct?
tools to crack open the shells of mollusks or (a) 1 and 3 only
sea urchins? (b) 2 and 4 only
(a) Bottlenose Dolphin (c) 1, 2, and 3 only
(b) Sea Otter (d) 1, 3, and 4 only
(c) Olive Ridley Turtle
(d) Sea cow 91. Consider the following statements regarding
Vermifiltration Technology:
89. Consider the following statements regarding 1. It is a nature-based wastewater treatment
the characteristics of cowpea: method that relies on the activity of
1. It is a short-duration crop that matures earthworms and microorganisms.
quickly, making it suitable for multiple 2. Vermifiltration operates under anaerobic
cropping systems. conditions to break down organic waste
2. Cowpea can fix atmospheric nitrogen, effectively.
improving soil fertility. 3. It is applicable for treating sewage as
3. Nigeria is the largest producer of well as agro-industrial wastewater
cowpea in the world. effluents.
Which of the statements given above are Which of the statements given above are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 3
17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
92. With reference to India’s Kuno National 95. "This festival is known as the 'Nada Habba'
Park, consider the following statements:
or the state festival of Karnataka. It begins
1. It was in the news recently due to the
with a traditional start atop the Chamundi
successful translocation of Asiatic lions
from Gir National Park Hills with a procession of Goddess
2. It is spread over two districts.
Chamundeshwari. The festival is being
3. It is a designated UNESCO World
celebrated since four hundred years and is
Heritage Site.
How many of the statements given above are patronized by the Wodeyar dynasty."
correct?
Which of the following festivals is being
(a) Only one
described in the above passage?
(b) Only two
(c) All three (a) Gowri Habba
(d) None
(b) Mysuru Dasara

(c) Bathukamma
93. The region "Carnatic," during the colonial
India was the (d) Mahamastakabhisheka
(a) entire Deccan Plateau and its
surrounding regions.
96. Consider the following statements:
(b) Coromandal coast and its hinterland.
(c) Malabar coast and adjacent areas. 1. The difference in mineral composition
(d) Western Ghats and coastal Karnataka.
between seawater and river water is

primarily attributed to the varying

94. Consider the following statements regarding
the distribution of powers between the Union durations of contact with the Earth's
and States in India:
crust.
1. Parliament, by law, may allow a State or
2. Seawater contains predominantly
multiple States to legislate on a subject
in the Union List, but only with the prior chlorides, while river water contains
consent of the concerned State(s).
higher proportions of carbonates and
2. The Union government can delegate its
sulphates.
executive power to a State government
with or without the consent of the Which of the statements given above is/are
respective State.
correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 only
correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
18 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
97. As per the provisions of the Indian 99. Consider the following statements :
Constitution, the President is bound to act on Statement-I: Dugongs are the only
the aid and advice of the Council of herbivorous marine mammals found in
Indian waters.
Ministers. In this context, consider the
Statement-II: Dugongs reproduce rapidly,
following activities of the President:
with females giving birth to multiple
1. Promulgation of Ordinances offspring every year, leading to a stable
2. Appointment of Governors population.
3. Appointment of the Chairman of UPSC Which one of the following is correct in
4. Consideration of Bills other than respect of the above statements?
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Constitutional Amendment Bills and
correct, and Statement-II is the correct
Money Bills
explanation for Statement-I.
Which of the above activities can the (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
President send back to the Council of correct, but Statement-II is not the
Ministers for reconsideration? correct explanation for Statement-I.
(a) 1 and 4 only (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II
(b) 4 only is incorrect.
(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II
(c) 1, 2, and 3 only
is correct.
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

100. Consider the following statements regarding

98. Which of the following lakes in India the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha
has/have shrunk immensely in the recent evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM)
past? Scheme:
1. It aims to provide solar energy-based
1. Kolleru Lake
irrigation to farmers and reduce their
2. Tamulidoba beel
dependence on diesel and electric
3. Panje wetlands pumps.
Select the correct answer using the code 2. The scheme is entirely funded by the
given below. Central Government.
(a) 1 only 3. The Ministry of Agriculture and
(b) 2 and 3 only Farmers’ Welfare is the nodal ministry
for implementing the scheme.
(c) 2 only
How many of the statements given above are
(d) 1 and 3 only
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

19 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

6. ‘GPS Spoofing’, sometimes seen in the 9. Consider the following pairs about
news, is related to Departments with their respective Ministries
under the Government of India:
(a) improving the accuracy of global
Department Ministry
positioning systems for aviation.
1. Department of : Ministry of Defence
(b) disguising satellite signals to mislead
Border Management
navigation systems. 2. Department of : Ministry of Rural
(c) blocking GPS signals to prevent satellite Land Resources Development
surveillance. 3. Department of : Ministry of New and
(d) enhancing cybersecurity in mobile Bio-Technology Renewable Energy
How many of the pairs given above are
communication networks.
correctly matched?
(a) Only one
7. With reference to the National Authority for (b) Only two
Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC), (c) All three
consider the following statements: (d) None
1. The NACWC was established by the
10. Arrange the following commissioned ranks
Government of India under the Chemical
in the Indian Air Force in ascending order of
Weapons Convention Act, 2000. seniority (from junior-most to senior-most):
2. It functions under the Ministry of 1. Air Commodore
Environment, Forest and Climate 2. Squadron Leader
Change. 3. Wing Commander
4. Group Captain
Which of the statements given above is/are
Select the correct answer using the code
correct? given below.
(a) 1 only (a) 2 - 3 - 4 - 1
(b) 2 only (b) 2 - 4 - 3 - 1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
(d) 3 - 2 - 1 - 4
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

11. Consider the following statements about INS

8. Recently, the Supreme Court of India Vikrant, commissioned in 2022:
ordered a probe into the violations of forest 1. It is India’s first indigenously designed
and wildlife laws due to the encroachment of and built aircraft carrier with 100%
indigenous components.
'Singampatti Zamin' forest lands. This forest
2. It is built by Cochin Shipyard Limited.
area belongs to which of the following forest
3. It is powered by a nuclear propulsion
reserves? system.
(a) Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Reserved How many of the statements given above are
Forest correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Nilgiri National Park
(b) Only two
(c) Eravikulam National Park
(c) All three
(d) Silent Valley National Park (d) None
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12. Consider the following statements regarding 15. Consider the following statements regarding
the BharatNet project: AMRUT 2.0:
1. The BharatNet project is implemented by 1. AMRUT 2.0 aims to make cities water
the Department of Telecommunications secure and provide functional tap water
directly. connections to all households in
2. The project aims to provide broadband statutory towns.
connectivity to over 5,00,000 Gram 2. The mission also targets universal
Panchayats across India. coverage of sewerage and septage
Which of the statements given above is/are management in AMRUT cities.
correct? 3. The Ministry of Housing and Urban
(a) 1 only Affairs (MoHUA) directly releases
(b) 2 only project funds to urban local bodies
(c) Both 1 and 2 (ULBs).
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the statements given above are
correct?
13. Consider the following pairs:
(a) 1 and 2 only
Board/Corporation Nodal Ministry
(b) 2 and 3 only
1. Central Silk : Ministry of
(c) 1 and 3 only
Board Textiles
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Central Wool : Ministry of
Development Board Commerce and
16. The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
Industry
(DRI) operates under which Indian
3. Cotton : Ministry of
government bodies?
Corporation of India Agriculture &
(a) Directorate of Enforcement
(CCI) Farmers' Welfare
(b) Central Bureau of Investigation
How many of the pairs given above are
(c) Central Board of Indirect Taxes &
correctly matched?
Customs (CBIC)
(a) Only one
(d) Department of Economic Affairs
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None 17. Which of the following best describes the
objective of "Mission Sagar" launched by
14. Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India?
the New York Declaration on Forests (a) To deploy satellite-based surveillance
(NYDF): systems for monitoring agricultural
1. It was first endorsed at the UNFCCC's productivity.
Paris Climate Summit held in 2015. (b) To provide COVID-19-related medical
2. NYDF is legally binding for all aid and essential items to Indian Ocean
signatory countries. Region countries as part of India’s
3. India is a signatory to the NYDF. maritime diplomacy.
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) To establish a pan-India maritime trade
not correct? corridor connecting major ports under
(a) 2 only Sagarmala.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) To launch a deep-sea exploration
(c) 1 and 2 only mission for rare earth minerals in the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Indian Ocean.
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18. Which of the following statements about the 20. Consider the following pairs:
Directorate General of Foreign Trade Name of exercise Countries
(DGFT) is/are correct? participated
1. DGFT functions under the Ministry of 1. Dharma Guardian : India and Japan
Finance. 2. Bonogosagar : India and Srilanka
2. DGFT is headquartered in New Delhi. 3. Exercise Sea : India and Russia
3. The Niryat Bandhu scheme is Dragon
implemented by DGFT to mentor new Which of the pairs given above is/are
and potential exporters. correctly matched?
Select the correct answer using the code (a) 1 only
given below. (b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) None
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only 21. Climate Promise 2025, sometime seen in
news, is related to
19. How many of the following statements about (a) UN Development Programme
the Legal Information Management and (b) UNESCO
Briefing System (LIMBS) are correct? (c) UNFCCC
1. LIMBS is developed by the Department (d) World Economic Forum
of Justice under the Ministry of Law and
Justice to create a centralized database 22. With reference to the National Service
of legal cases involving the Government Scheme (NSS), consider the following
of India. statements:
2. It primarily aims to assist judges in 1. It was launched in 1969, the birth
tracking the pendency of cases in the centenary year of Mahatma Gandhi.
Indian Courts and Tribunals. 2. The primary objective of the NSS is to
3. The platform also integrates with the e- instill the spirit of volunteerism and
Courts project to fetch live updates on community service among youth.

case proceedings and judgments. 3. The motto of NSS is “Serve and Lead”.

Select the correct answer using the code Which of the statements given above are

given below. correct?

(a) Only one (a) 1 and 2 only

(b) Only two (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) All three (c) 1 and 3 only

(d) None (d) 1, 2 and 3

5 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
23. Which of the following statutory bodies 26. Which of the following mountain passes are
were established under the Companies Act, situated in the Chumbi Valley?
2013? 1. Jelep La
1. Investor Education and Protection Fund 2. Nathu La
Authority (IEPFA) 3. Shipki La
2. National Financial Reporting Authority Select the correct answer using the code
(NFRA) given below.
3. Serious Fraud Investigation Office (a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(SFIO)
(c) 2 and 3 Only
4. National Company Law Tribunal
(d) 1, 2, and 3
(NCLT)
Select the correct answer using the code
27. Consider the following statements regarding
given below.
National Career Services Portal:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
1. It is a nationwide platform for job
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
seekers and job providers.
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only 2. It will provide information on local
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 service providers such as drivers and
carpenters.
24. ‘OpenForge Platform’, sometimes seen in 3. It comes under the Ministry of Skill
the news recently, is related to which of the development & Entrepreneurship.
following? Which of the statements given above is / are
(a) a blockchain-based framework for correct?
secure digital payments in rural areas (a) 1 only
(b) a digital platform for collaborative (b) 1 and 2 only
development and sharing of e- (c) 1, 2 and 3
governance applications (d) 2 and 3 only
(c) a cyber surveillance tool developed to
monitor social media misuse 28. With reference to the Prime Minister’s
(d) a government initiative for promoting National Relief Fund (PMNRF), consider the
AI-based solutions in agriculture following statements:
1. The PMNRF assists needy people in the
expenses for their medical treatment,
25. Which of the following regional groupings
like heart surgery and cancer treatment.
are permanent members of the
2. The PMNRF operates without being
intergovernmental forum 'G20'?
governed by any specific legislation or
1. European Union
parliamentary statute.
2. African Union
3. Contributions to PMNRF are notified for
3. ASEAN 100% tax exemption under the Income
4. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Tax Act.
Select the correct answer using the code Which of the statements given above is/are
given below. correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 2 only
(b) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3, and 4 only (c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
6 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
29. Which of the following animals are part 32. Consider the following statements about the
of the State Emblem of India? National Flag of India:
1. Lion 1. The national flag of India needs to be
2. Bull rectangular in shape, with the ratio of the
3. Elephant length to the height (width) of the flag
4. Horse being 3:2.
Select the correct answer using the code 2. The design of the National Flag was
given below.
adopted by the Constituent Assembly of
(a) 1 and 2 only
India before Indian independence.
(b) 1 and 4 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) 3 and 4 only
correct?
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
30. Consider the following statements about
(c) Both 1 and 2
mRNA vaccines:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. They use a weakened form of the virus
to trigger an immune response.
2. They do not integrate into the human 33. The SAMARTH Mission, recently seen in

DNA. the news, is primarily aimed at:

3. They are faster to develop compared to (a) Promoting the export of organic
traditional vaccines. agricultural produce from India.
Which of the statements given above are (b) Facilitating solar energy adoption in
correct? rural irrigation schemes.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) Reducing stubble burning by promoting
(b) 2 and 3 only the use of agri-residue in thermal power
(c) 1 and 3 only generation.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Replacing coal entirely with renewable
energy sources in all power plants by
31. Consider the following statements regarding 2030.
the Financial Stability Board (FSB):
1. The FSB was established under the
34. Which of the following departments/
United Nations to promote financial
ministries under the Government of India
inclusion in developing countries.
oversee the arrangements of treaties and
2. India is an active member of the FSB
agreements with foreign countries in matters
and holds seats in its Plenary.
specifically related to civil and commercial
Which of the statements given above is/are
laws?
correct?
(a) Department of Legal Affairs
(a) 1 only
(b) Department of Justice
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) Ministry of External Affairs

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Department of Economic Affairs

7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
35. Which of the following is the objective of 38. Consider the following laws :
the ‘Palna’ scheme under Mission Shakti? 1. Foreign Exchange Management Act,
(a) To provide financial assistance to 1999 (FEMA)
orphaned children for higher education. 2. Prevention of Money Laundering Act,
(b) To offer quality crèche and day care 2002 (PMLA)
facilities for children. 3. Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018
(c) To promote institutional adoption of How many of the above laws are enforced
children in need of care and protection. by the Directorate of Enforcement (ED)?
(d) To provide insurance and health (a) Only one
coverage to adolescent girls from (b) Only two
economically weaker sections. (c) All three
(d) None
36. Consider the following statements regarding
the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund 39. As per the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, the
(RIDF): provisions of the Act apply to which of the

1. The RIDF is maintained by the Reserve following communities or groups?

1. Parsis or Jews
Bank of India and provides funds to
2. Sikhs
State Governments for rural
3. Buddhists
infrastructure projects.
4. Jains
2. Domestic commercial banks contribute
5. Tribal communities not residing in areas
to RIDF to the extent of their shortfall in
listed under the Fifth and Sixth
meeting the priority sector lending
Schedules
targets to agriculture.
Select the correct answer using the codes
Which of the statements given above is/are
given below.
correct?
(a) 2, 3 and 4 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

40. Consider the following statements regarding

37. With reference to Tulips, consider the Defence Research and Development
following statements: Organisation (DRDO):
1. They are native to mountainous regions 1. DRDO was formed in 1958 by merging
with temperate climates in Europe. the Defence Science Organisation with
2. The Netherlands is the world’s leading the Technical Development
producer and exporter of tulip bulbs. Establishments of the three Services.
3. India has no climate conditions to grow 2. It is headed by the scientific adviser to
tulips. the Raksha Mantri (Defence Minister).
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 2 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
41. Which of the following statements is not 43. Which of the following are the part of
correct about the National Tobacco Control Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam
Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM)
Programme (NTCP)?
Scheme?
(a) It was launched in 2007–08 during the 1. Standalone solar pumps
11th Five-Year Plan to reduce tobacco 2. Grid connected pumps
3. Solar power plants
consumption and related health burdens.
4. Development of Solar Parks
(b) The programme is implemented through Select the correct answer using the code
a three-tier structure consisting of given below.
national, state, and district-level control (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3, and 4 only
cells.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) Financial support is provided to State (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
and District Tobacco Control Cells by
44. The RESET Programme, recently launched
the Ministry of Health and Family
by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,
Welfare under the National Health
primarily aims to:
Mission. (a) Identify young sporting talent from rural
(d) The National Tobacco Control areas for Olympic-level training
(b) Provide skill development training to
Programme has a separate budgetary
coaches under the Khelo India initiative
allocation for targeting adolescents and (c) Facilitate post-retirement career
youth through educational institutions. transition and empowerment of
sportspersons
(d) Promote gender inclusivity in grassroots
42. Consider the following statements regarding
sports infrastructure development
the National Investment and Infrastructure
Fund (NIIF): 45. Consider the following statements regarding
the Competition Commission of India (CCI):
1. Disinvestment proceeds of the
1. It is responsible for protecting the
Government of India are directly routed interest of consumers and ensuring
into the NIIF. freedom of trade in India.
2. NIIF is aimed at infrastructure 2. It has the authority to impose monetary
penalties on entities that contravene the
development in greenfield, brownfield,
provisions of the Competition Act, 2002.
and stalled projects. 3. It operates under the administrative
Which of the statements given above is/are control of the Ministry of Finance.
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one
(b) 2 only (b) Only two
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) All three
(d) None
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
46. The Fiscal Health Index is developed by: 49. Which one of the following statements best
(a) Reserve Bank of India describes the 'Ottawa Convention'?
(b) Ministry of Finance (a) It is a treaty aimed at regulating trade
(c) NITI Aayog routes through the Arctic and Antarctic
(d) United Nations Statistical Commission waters.
(b) It is an international agreement to ban
47. With reference to Gallantry Awards, the use, stockpiling, production, and
consider the following statements: transfer of anti-personnel landmines.
1. They are conferred upon an (c) It is a code of conduct adopted by
individual after the final approval of the countries to reduce greenhouse gas
Ministry of Defence. emissions in polar regions.
2. Civilians are not eligible for (d) It is a United Nations convention
Gallantry awards. promoting indigenous rights in cold
Which of the statements given above is/are deserts and tundra regions.
correct?
(a) 1 only 50. Which of the following states in India has
(b) 2 only the highest bauxite resources?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) Odisha
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) Jharkhand
(c) Chhattisgarh
48. Consider the following pairs : (d) Karnataka
Scheme Objective
1. EQUIP : To provide vocational 51. Consider the following statements:
training to school Statement I: The Small Satellite Launch
dropouts at the Vehicle (SSLV) can deliver payloads of up
secondary level. to 500 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
2. SHREYAS : To provide financial Statement II: SSLV uses a cryogenic upper
assistance to SC stage for increased thrust efficiency in the
students for post-matric final phase of the flight.
education. Which one of the following is correct in
3. PRERANA : To provide an respect of the above statements?
experiential learning (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
program for students correct and Statement-II is the correct
aimed at nurturing explanation for Statement-I
leadership. (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Which of the pairs given above are correctly correct and Statement-II is not the
matched? correct explanation for Statement-I
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-ll is
(b) 1 and 3 only incorrect
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-ll
(d) 1, 2 and 3 is correct
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
52. Which of the following is the nodal agency 54. Arrange the following sources of renewable
responsible for implementing the National energy in descending order of their installed
Agriculture Market (e-NAM) scheme in capacity:
India? 1. Solar power
(a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural 2. Small hydro power
Development (NABARD) 3. Wind power
(b) Small Farmers’ Agribusiness 4. Bio-power
Consortium (SFAC) Select the correct answer using the code
(c) Agricultural and Processed Food given below.
Products Export Development Authority (a) 2-1-4-3
(APEDA) (b) 1-2-3-4
(d) National Agricultural Cooperative (c) 2-1-3-4
Marketing Federation of India Ltd. (d) 1-3-4-2
(NAFED)
55. Which of the following are the monitoring
53. With reference to sports awards in India, and implementing agencies of the Green
consider the following pairs: Energy Corridor Project, respectively?
Award Purpose (a) Central Electricity Authority and Solar
1. Major Dhyan : Recognizing lifetime Energy Corporation of India
Chand Khel contribution to the (b) Power Grid Corporation of India and
Ratna Award promotion of sports National Load Dispatch Centre
2. Arjuna Award : Honouring consistent (c) Ministry of Power and Central
outstanding Transmission Utility
performance by a (d) Central Electricity Authority and Power
sportsperson in Grid Corporation of India
events
3. Dronacharya : Acknowledging 56. Which of the following statements regarding
Award excellence in the Four Labour Codes in India is/are
coaching and correct?
producing medal- 1. A statutory right has been created for
winning athletes minimum wages.
4. Dhyan Chand : Recognizing 2. A “Re-skilling Fund” has been set up for
Award achievements in training retrenched employees.
adventure sports like 3. Prior permission is not required for lay-
mountaineering and off or retrenchment in units with
sailing workers up to 500 in number.
How many of the above pairs are correctly Select the correct answer using the code
matched? given below.
(a) Only one (a) 1 only
(b) Only two (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) Only three (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All four (d) 1, 2 and 3
11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
57. Consider the following statements regarding 60. Consider the following statements regarding
the Krishi Udan scheme: Chapata Chilli:
1. Under this Scheme, Indian cargo carriers
1. It is primarily cultivated in the region of
receive waivers on airport charges at
select airports from the Airports Tamil Nadu.

Authority of India (AAI) and the 2. Chapata Chilli has been granted the
Ministry of Defence Geographical Indication tag.
2. E-KUSHAL is an online platform
Which of the statements given above is/are
designed to support Krishi Udan by
providing real-time agri-logistics correct?

information to stakeholders. (a) 1 only

Which of the statements given above is/are (b) 2 only
correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 61. Which one of the following statements best

reflects the term “Miller-Urey Hypothesis”

58. ‘Philately’, sometimes mentioned in cultural
often talked about in the news?
contexts, is related to
(a) the study and collection of coins and (a) Origin of life through chemical
currency notes evolution on early Earth.
(b) the preservation of ancient manuscripts
(b) Theory of plate tectonics and continental
and scriptures
drift.
(c) the collection and study of postage
stamps (c) Explanation of black hole formation in
(d) the documentation of oral folk traditions the universe.
and ballads
(d) Prediction of seismic activity using

atmospheric signals.
59. The term ‘Plunging Region’ is sometimes
mentioned in the context of which one of the
following? 62. Employees' State Insurance Corporation
(a) The zone in a black hole where matter
comes under which ministry?
transitions from orbiting to directly
(a) Ministry of Social Justice and
falling in.
(b) A geological phenomenon where Empowerment
tectonic plates subduct under each other. (b) Ministry of Finance
(c) A deep-sea trench region where ocean (c) Ministry of Skill Development and
currents rapidly descend.
Entrepreneurship
(d) The area in a meteorological system
where warm air plunge (d) Ministry of Labour and Employment
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
63. Consider the following statements with 65. Consider the following statements regarding
the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan
respect to the Bay of Bengal Initiative for
(PM-SYM) scheme:
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic 1. Workers in the unorganised sector,
Cooperation (BIMSTEC): whose monthly income is ₹15,000 or
less, are eligible to enrol under PM-
1. It came into being through the Bangkok
SYM.
Declaration. 2. Eligible subscribers must be within the
entry age group of 18 to 40 years.
2. The BIMSTEC secretariat is located in
3. Under the scheme, each subscriber is
Kathmandu, Nepal. assured a minimum pension of ₹5,000

3. India leads the security and counter- per month after attaining the age of 60
years.
terrorism sector under the BIMSTEC How many of the statements given above are
priority areas of cooperation. correct?
(a) Only one
How many of the statements given above are
(b) Only two
correct? (c) All three
(d) None
(a) Only one

(b) Only two 66. How many of the following are the
(c) All three components of Jal Shakti Abhiyan?
1. Rainwater harvesting;
(d) None
2. Renovation of traditional water bodies
3. Watershed development
4. Intensive afforestation
64. Consider the following activities :
Select the correct answer using the code
1. Bidi and cigar manufacturing given below.

2. Computer services (a) Only one

(b) Only two
3. Restaurants (c) Only three
4. Defence establishments (d) All four

How many of the above are included under

67. As per the Ministry of Finance, which of the
the purview of the Annual Survey of following bodies is nodal department for
overseeing the public financial management
Industries (ASI)?
system in the Central Government?
(a) Only one (a) Department of Expenditure
(b) Only two (b) Department of Investment and Public
Asset Management
(c) Only three
(c) Department of Financial Services
(d) All four (d) Department of Economic Affairs
13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
68. Consider the following national 71. Consider the following statements regarding
organizations/institutions: the National Career Service (NCS) portal:
1. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 1. Anyone above 14 years of age can seek
2. Food Corporation of India (FCI) services provided on the NCS portal.
2. This portal is maintained and promoted
3. Central Warehousing Corporation
by the Ministry of Labour and
(CWC)
Employment.
4. Export Inspection Council (EIC)
3. The NCS portal has a module that lists
How many of the organizations/institutions international job opportunities.
given above come under the Ministry of Which of the statements given above are
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public correct?
Distribution? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) Only one (b) 1 and 3 only
(b) Only two (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only three
(d) All four
72. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) often seen
in the news is a/an:
69. The Good Governance Index (GGI), which (a) A United Nations fund that supports
assesses the governance performance of developing countries in achieving
Indian states and union territories across ten biodiversity conservation goals.
sectors, is released by: (b) An international carbon trading platform
(a) NITI Aayog under the Paris Agreement.
(b) Ministry of Statistics and Programme (c) An operating entity of the UNFCCC
financial mechanism to support
Implementation
mitigation and adaptation in developing
(c) Department of Administrative Reforms
countries.
and Public Grievances (DARPG)
(d) A World Bank initiative to promote
(d) Ministry of Panchayati Raj in green bonds and ESG investing globally.
collaboration with UNDP
73. With reference to the Mission LiFE,
70. Which of the following Central Armed consider the following statements:
Police Forces were established before Indian 1. Mission LiFE was launched on World
Independence? Environment Day in the year 2025.
2. The idea of LiFE was first introduced at
1. Indo-Tibetan Police Force
COP26 in Glasgow.
2. Assam Rifles
3. The mission solely targets governments
3. Central Reserve Police Force
and industries to shift to renewable
4. Central Industrial Security Force energy.
Select the correct answer using the codes Which of the statements given above is/are
given below. correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 3, and 4 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
74. With reference to the Comprehensive 77. Consider the following statements regarding
Handloom Cluster Development Scheme the Members of Parliament Local Area
(CHCDS), consider the following Development Scheme (MPLADS):
statements:
1. Funds under MPLADS are released in
1. The scheme is a Centrally Sponsored
the form of grants-in-aid directly to the
Scheme implemented in partnership with
district authorities.
State Governments.
2. The Development Commissioner 2. 15 percent of MPLADS funds are to be

(Handlooms) is the nodal agency utilised for areas inhabited by Scheduled

responsible for fund disbursement and Caste (SC) population.
overall project monitoring. 3. Elected Lok Sabha Members can
Which of the statements given above is/are
recommend works anywhere within their
correct?
respective state.
(a) 1 only
How many of the statements given above are
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 correct?

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) Only one

(b) Only two
75. What is the ‘Ashwini’ that is often (c) All three
mentioned in the news? (d) None
(a) Early warning radar system for tracking
weather anomalies.
78. Which of the following is/are the policy
(b) A biosensor used in the accurate
targets set under National Education Policy
detection of pathogens in patients.
(c) Low-level transportable radar system for 2020 (NEP 2020)?

air defence applications. 1. 100% of learners through the school and

(d) Satellite-based navigation system for higher education system shall have
maritime operations. exposure to vocational education by
2025.
76. ‘NeVA Platform’, sometimes seen in the
2. To raise the Gross Enrolment Ratio
news, is a
(GER) in higher education to 100
(a) digital platform to monitor air quality in
urban areas. percent by 2035.

(b) blockchain-based voting system for rural Select the correct answer using the code
elections. given below.
(c) centralized database for biodiversity and (a) 1 only
environmental research. (b) 2 only
(d) digital initiative to make legislative
(c) Both 1 and 2
functioning paperless in India.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
79. With reference to Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas 81. Consider the following statements regarding
the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
Karyakram (PMJVK), consider the
(PMKSY):
following statements: 1. The Irrigation Census, aimed at building
a comprehensive database on minor
1. It is designed to promote rural irrigation, is conducted under this
development by enhancing capacity umbrella scheme.
2. The Neeranchal National Watershed
building and connectivity. Project, supported by the World Bank,
2. Under this programme, a specific aims to strengthen the watershed
development component of PMKSY.
portion of the resources is mandatorily Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
allocated for projects that benefit
(a) 1 only
women, especially in education, health, (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
and skill development.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. It follows an area-based development
82. Consider the following statements about the
approach, targeting regions with high national song of India:
developmental deficits. 1. The national song, Vande Mataram, was
originally composed in Bangla by
Which of the statements given above is/are Bankim Chandra Chatterji.
correct? 2. The first political occasion when it was
sung was the 1896 session of the Indian
(a) 2 only National Congress.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) 3 only
correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

80. “SAFE Agromet Project” is often discussed 83. With reference to Fast Breeder Reactors
in the context of: (FBRs), consider the following statements:
1. Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) use liquid
(a) improving seed variety through gene sodium as a coolant instead of water.
2. FBRs consume more fissile material
editing technologies.
than they produce.
(b) monitoring agro-meteorological 3. India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor
(PFBR) is being developed at
conditions using satellite data.
Kalpakkam.
(c) promoting organic farming through Which of the statements given above are
correct?
digital extension services.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) establishing secure agricultural trade (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
routes across ASEAN countries. (d) 1, 2 and 3
16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
84. Which of the following are the thematic 86. Consider the following statements:
areas under the revised National Mission on 1. India was elected to the UNESCO's

Sustainable Habitat (NMSH)? Intergovernmental Committee for the

Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural
1. Energy and green buildings
Heritage for the term 2022–2026.
2. Urban planning, green cover, and
2. India hosted the 46th session of the
biodiversity
World Heritage Committee in July 2024.
3. Mobility and air quality
Which of the statements given above is/are
4. Water management correct?
5. Waste management (a) 1 only
6. Climate risk assessment (b) 2 only

Select the correct answer using the code (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
given below.
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
87. Global Astrometric Interferometer for
(b) 4, 5 and 6 only
Astrophysics, a space observatory mission,
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
is related to
(d) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only (a) National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
85. With reference to the Department of Military (b) European Space Agency
Affairs (DMA), consider the following (c) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

statements: (d) Indian Space Research Organisation

1. It was created in 2008 under the

88. Consider the following statements regarding
Ministry of Defence after the Mumbai
the Sentinelese people:
attacks to facilitate optimal utilisation of
1. The Sentinelese are an uncontacted tribe
resources and to promote cross-service inhabiting in the Andaman Islands.
cooperation. 2. They are classified as a Particularly
2. The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) heads Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) by the
the Department of Military Affairs. Government of India.

3. DMA is also responsible for defence 3. The Indian government enforces a strict
"no contact" policy to protect their way
cooperation with foreign countries.
of life.
How many of the statements given above are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) Only one
(a) 2 only
(b) Only two (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) All three (c) 1 and 2 only
(d) None (d) 1, 2 and 3
17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
89. “HANSA-3 (NG)” is often discussed in 92. Consider the following statements regarding
news is in the context of: India and its representation at the
(a) indigenous trainer aircraft development. International Monetary Fund (IMF):
(b) next-generation missile technology. 1. The Board of Governors of the IMF
(c) high-speed railway signaling systems. consists of one Governor and one
(d) satellite-based communication networks. Alternate Governor from each member
country.
90. Consider the following statements regarding 2. The Governor of RBI is the ex-officio

the National Animal Disease Control Governor on the Board of Governors of

Programme (NADCP): the IMF.

1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme. 3. India is a founder member of the

2. The programme aims to control Foot and International Monetary Fund.

How many of the statements given above are
Mouth Disease (FMD) by 2025 and
correct?
eradicate it by 2030 through 100%
(a) Only one
vaccination.
(b) Only two
3. Bovine brucellosis is endemic to India.
(c) All three
Which of the statements given above are
(d) None
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
93. Satellite Images reveal the disappearance of
(b) 2 and 3 only
Okjökull, the first glacier to be officially
(c) 1 and 3 only
declared dead due to climate change. In
(d) 1, 2 and 3
which of the following countries/regions
does this glacier lie?
91. With reference to the Supply Chain
(a) Russia
Resilience Initiative (SCRI), consider the
(b) Alaska
following statements:
(c) Iceland
1. It is a trilateral initiative between India,
(d) Antartica
Japan, and Australia to reduce
dependency on a single source country 94. ‘S2I2 Initiative’, sometimes seen in the
for critical goods. news, is related to
2. The SCRI is implemented under the (a) promotion of satellite-based irrigation
framework of the World Trade techniques in agriculture.
Organization (WTO). (b) a collaborative program in
Which of the statements given above is/are semiconductor research and innovation.
correct? (c) an ecosystem of innovation and
(a) 1 only entrepreneurship in the port and
(b) 2 only maritime sector in India.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) joint Indo-Israel project on solar energy
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 storage solutions.
18 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
95. With reference to the Asiatic Society of 97. With reference to the Atomic Energy
Regulatory Board (AERB), consider the
Bengal, consider the following statements:
following statements:
1. It was founded in the 19th century with 1. It functions under the direct
the aim of promoting Oriental studies. administrative control of the Ministry of
Science and Technology.
2. Sir William Jones played a key role in
2. One of its key functions is to ensure
its establishment in Calcutta. radiation safety in medical and industrial
applications.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

98. Which of the following is the objective of
the Ayushman Sahakar Scheme?
(a) To provide universal insurance coverage
96. Consider the following statements regarding
to all cooperative society members under
the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) PM-JAY.
Amendment Act, 2016: (b) To assist cooperatives in building and
upgrading healthcare and medical
1. It provides for complete prohibition on
education infrastructure.
employment or work of children below (c) To provide free diagnostic and treatment
services to rural populations through
14 years of age in all occupations and
cooperative-run mobile clinics.
processes. (d) To promote alternative medicine and
2. It prohibits the employment of AYUSH-based centers in remote areas.

adolescents (14 to 18 years of age) in 99. Philippines had called India to join 'squad'
hazardous occupations or processes. alliance to counter China in Indo-Pacific. In
this context, which one of the following is a
3. The National Child Labour Project
member of the Squad Alliance?
(NCLP) Scheme has been established 1. Australia
2. USA
under this law.
3. Malaysia
Which of the statements given above is/are 4. Japan
correct? 5. New Zealand
Select the correct answer using the code
(a) 1 only
given below.
(b) 1 and 2 only (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4 only
19 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
100. The Sahaj initiative, launched under the
Digital India program, primarily aims to:
(a) Digitize ration card distribution across
all rural households.
(b) Enable online booking and release of
LPG connections
(c) Provide digital medical prescriptions
through government health centers.
(d) Facilitate direct online registration of
agricultural land records.

20 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

1. Consider the following statements regarding 3. Consider the following statements:

the United Nations Convention against Statement I: The Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate

Corruption: (WALR) is lower than the Dry Adiabatic

1. It is the only legally binding universal Lapse Rate (DALR).

anti-corruption instrument. Statement II: During the ascent of saturated

air, the condensation of water vapor releases

2. The convention has provisions for asset
latent heat, which increases the rate of
recovery which allows for returning of
cooling.
assets to the rightful owners.
Which one of the following is correct in
Which of the statements given above is/are
respect of the above statements?
correct?
(a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
(a) 1 only
correct and Statement–II explains
(b) 2 only
Statement–I.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
correct, but Statement–II does not

explain Statement–I.
2. Consider the following statements regarding (c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II
Swavalambini, a Women Entrepreneurship is incorrect.
Programme: (d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–

1. It empowers female students in Higher II is correct.

Education Institutions (HEIs) by

offering entrepreneurial mindset, 4. Consider the following statements:

mentorship, and resources. Buddhist Council King

2. It is an initiative of the United Nations 1. First Buddhist council : Bimbisara

2. Second Buddhist council : Ashoka

Development Programme in association
3. Third Buddhist council : Kalashoka
with IIM Bengaluru.
4. Fourth Buddhist council : Kanishka
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the above given pairs is/are
correct?
correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 4 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
2 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
5. Consider the following statements regarding 7. Consider the following statements regarding

Mission Mausam: United Nations Convention on International

1. The mission aims to reconnect and Settlement Agreements Resulting from

revive India’s ancient maritime routes Mediation:

and cultural linkages. 1. It provides a uniform and efficient

2. It is implemented under the Ministry of framework for the enforcement of

Earth Sciences. international settlement agreements

3. It plans to deploy additional Doppler resulting from mediation and arbitral

Weather Radars to improve real-time awards.

2. India has refused to sign the

weather monitoring.
agreement as it impedes the authority of
Which of the statements given above is/are
the national judiciary.
correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 only
correct?
(b) 2 only
(a) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

6. Consider the following statements regarding

RBI’s Digital Lending Guidelines:

8. Consider the following components:
1. A loan is considered digital lending only
1. Biotechnology Research and
if the entire lifecycle—from sourcing to
Development (R&D)
recovery—is handled without any
2. Industrial & Entrepreneurship
physical interface.
Development (I&ED)
2. Any EMI program on a credit card can
3. Biomanufacturing and Biofoundry
be considered digital lending under
4. Agricultural Innovation and
RBI’s definition.
Sustainability
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the above are components of the
correct?
Bio-RIDE scheme?
(a) 1 only (a) 1, 2, and 3 only
(b) 2 only (b) 1, 2, and 4 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 2, 3, and 4 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
9. Consider the following statements regarding 11. With reference to the Subordinate Judiciary

the Malabar Grey Hornbill: in India, consider the following statements:

1. It is commonly found in high-altitude 1. A Metropolitan Magistrate holds the

temperate forests across northern India. same rank as a First Class Magistrate in

districts.
2. It is a frugivorous bird and prefers fruit-
2. A Chief Judicial Magistrate or Chief
bearing trees for feeding.
Metropolitan Magistrate may pass any
3. The species is listed as Critically
sentence authorized by law except a
Endangered under the IUCN Red List.
sentence of death.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

10. Consider the following statements regarding 12. Consider the following pairs:

the Government e-Marketplace (GeM)? Revolts/ Region Leaders

1. It functions under the Ministry of Rebellion

1. Koya Revolt Andhra Tirath

Commerce and Industry.
Pradesh Singh
2. It facilitates procurement of only
2. Narkelberia Odisha Titu Mir
merchandise goods, not services.
Uprising
3. It cannot be accessed from outside India
3. Singhphos Arunachal Beesa
to encourage local procurement.
Rebellion Pradesh Gaum
How many of the statements given above are
How many of the pairs given above are
correct?
correctly matched?
(a) Only one (a) Only one
(b) Only two (b) Only two

(c) All three (c) All three

(d) None (d) None

4 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
13. Consider the following statements regarding 16. Consider the following:
the Diamond Imprest Authorization Scheme:
Country Endemic Species
1. It allows the duty-free import of Natural
Cut and Polished Diamonds of less than 1. India : Purple frog
10 carat.
2. It mandates an export obligation with a 2. Australia : Koala

value addition of 10%. 3. China : Mountain Gorilla

Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? How many of the pairs given above are
(a) 1 only
correctly matched?
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) Only one
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) Only two

14. With reference to the Gupta period, who (c) All three
among the following were the court scholars/
poets of Samudragupta? (d) None

1. Ashvaghosa
2. Dhanvantri
3. Sanku 17. Consider the following statements regarding
Select the correct answer using the code
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan:
given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only 1. He was an active advocate of Gandhian
(b) 2 and 3 only
ideas of non-violence and Satyagraha.
(c) 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only 2. He founded the Khudai Khidmatgars

15. In the context of Indian parliamentary (Red Shirts) to oppose the British in

procedure, the term "Yielding the floor" India’s Northwest Frontier Province.
refers to which of the following?
(a) It is a form of protest where members 3. He was the first foreigner to be awarded
vacate their seats to disrupt proceedings.
Bharat Ratna.
(b) It refers to a legislator switching party
affiliation during a session, thereby Which of the statement given above is/are
altering the House’s composition.
correct?
(c) It refers to a member allowing another to
speak briefly during their turn, without (a) 1 only
giving up their right to continue
speaking. (b) 1 and 2 only

(d) It is a formal motion raised by a member (c) 3 only

to point out a violation of parliamentary
rules during debate. (d) 1, 2 and 3
5 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
18. Which of the following functions can the 21. In the context of the Global Conference on
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) perform under Air Pollution and Health 2025, consider the
the RBI Act, 1934? following statements:
1. Providing loans to All India Financial 1. The conference is organized by the

Institutions (AIFIs) such as NABARD International Union of Air Pollution

Prevention and Environmental
2. Purchase, sale and discounting of Bills
Protection Associations.
of Exchange
2. The outcomes of the conference are
3. Acceptance of deposits from the Central
legally binding for all UN member
and State Governments
states.
4. Granting loans to banks against the Which of the statements given above is/are
security of shares correct?
Select the correct answer using the code (a) 1 only
given below. (b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only 22. With reference to "Zombie Fires," consider
the following statements:
1. They are surface fires that burn rapidly
19. Consider the following statements regarding
and extinguish completely before winter
the provisions of the newly passed Waqf
sets in.
(Amendment) Act, 2025:
2. They are primarily confined to tropical
1. Only practicing muslims of five years
rainforests.
can dedicate their property to Waqf.
3. They contribute to the release of
2. Any government property identified as significant amounts of greenhouse gases.
Waqf will cease to be Waqf. Which of the statements given above is/are
3. Women must receive their inheritance correct?
before Waqf dedication. (a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are (b) 2 and 3 only
correct? (c) 3 only
(a) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only 23. Which of the following sets contains
subjects entirely from the Concurrent List
(d) 1, 2 and 3
under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian
Constitution?
20. In the context of Indian Arts and Crafts, the
(a) Criminal law, Education and Banking
terms "Cauka Pitaka", "Dighala Pitaka", and
(b) Marriage and divorce, Bankruptcy and
"Yama Pitaka" are: insolvency and Agriculture
(a) Jain literature (c) Adoption and succession, Forests and
(b) Buddhist literature Electricity
(c) Style of paintings (d) Transfer of property, Trade unions and
(d) Types of stoneware Public health
6 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
24. In the context of Indian geography, which of 26. Which among the following best describes

the following statements best describes the the ‘Langlands Program,’ seen recently in

term ‘dhands’? the news?

(a) Google-funded world's largest large
(a) They are narrow tidal channels found in
language model
coastal deltas that connect estuaries with
(b) NASA's initiative to track outer space
the open sea.
debris
(b) They are shallow saline depressions or (c) United Nations initiative to curb farm
playas found in arid regions of western land emissions
Rajasthan. (d) Mathematical abstraction combining
(c) They are crescent-shaped oxbow lakes number theory and harmonic analysis

formed due to the meandering of

27. Which of the following best describes the
Himalayan rivers.
term "ecosystem services"?
(d) They are glacial meltwater lakes found
(a) Goods and services provided by
in the high-altitude basins of the Trans-
ecosystems to animals.
Himalayas. (b) Direct and indirect benefits provided by
natural environments and healthy
25. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri ecosystems to human well-being.
Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM– (c) The process of energy and material flow

AJAY), consider the following statements: between organisms and their

surroundings.
1. The scheme is launched by the Ministry
(d) The products and resources extracted
of Social Justice and Empowerment for
from ecosystems.
the socio-economic development of
Scheduled Caste (SC) communities.
28. Viatina-19, recently seen in the news, refers
2. The scheme mandates that at least 50% to which of the following?
of the beneficiaries should be SC (a) A breakthrough AI model developed to
women. simulate protein folding in biomedical

3. There is a provision for social audit research

(b) An indigenous cow variety known for its
under the scheme.
superior genetic traits
Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) A COVID-19 mutation variant under
correct?
investigation for cross-species
(a) 3 only
transmission
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) An asteroid newly classified under
(c) 1 and 3 only NASA’s Potentially Hazardous Objects
(d) 1, 2 and 3 list
7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
29. Consider the following pairs 32. Consider the following statements regarding
Mountains Type of Formation
the Occupational Shortage Index (OSI):
1. Vosges : Fold mountains
1. It measures the level of gap between
2. Kilimanjaro : Volcanic mountain
3. Alps : Block mountains demand and supply of workers in a

How many of the above pairs are correctly particular occupation.

matched?
2. It is developed by using data from the
(a) Only one
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS).
(b) Only two
(c) All three Which of the statements given above is/are

(d) None correct?

(a) 1 only
30. Consider the following statements regarding
(b) 2 only
the Surat Emission Trading Scheme (ETS):
1. It is the world’s first-ever market for (c) Both 1 and 2

trading in particulate matter emissions (d) Neither 1 nor 2

2. It is run by the Central Pollution Control
Board.
33. Consider the following statements regarding
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? the Brideshwar temple:

(a) 1 only 1. The temple was built during the reign of

(b) 2 only
Chola king Rajaraja Chola I.
(c) Both 1 and 2
2. Shadow of the temple never falls on the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ground.

31. Dare2eraD TB is an umbrella program 3. Temple was built with granite stone but
aimed at strengthening TB elimination
without the use of mortar.
efforts in India through data-driven research.
How many of the above statements are
Which of the following institutes launched
the Dare2eraD TB program? correct?

(a) Indian Council of Medical Research (a) Only one

(ICMR)
(b) Only two
(b) World Health Organisation
(c) Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (c) All three

(d) NITI Aayog (d) None

8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
34. Consider the following statements regarding 36. Consider the following statements:
1. The National Commission to Review the
quarks and gluons:
Working of the Constitution (NCRWC)
1. Quarks and gluons are the only
was established during the Prime
fundamental particles that possess color Ministerhip of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

charge, which governs their interaction 2. The Sarkaria Commission submitted its
report during the Prime Ministership of
via the weak nuclear force.
V.P. Singh.
2. Quark-gluon plasma can be created 3. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee,

under extremely low temperatures and which recommended democratic

decentralization, was established during
pressures.
the Prime Ministership of Jawaharlal
Which of the statements given above is/are Nehru

correct? How many statements given above are

correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one
(b) 2 only (b) Only two

(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) All three

(d) None
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

37. Consider the following statements about the

35. Consider the following statements regarding Niveshak Didi initiative:
1. It is an initiative of NABARD (National
the Food Import Rejection Alert (FIRA)
Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Portal: Development).
1. It will generate alerts on food 2. It trains women postal workers and
community leaders to act as financial
consignments rejected by importing
educators within their local regions.
countries from India due to poor safety Which of the statements given above is/are
standards. correct?
(a) 1 only
2. It has been designed and developed by
(b) 2 only
the Food Safety and Standards Authority (c) Both 1 and 2
of India (FSSAI). (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the statements given above is/are

38. Which of the following rulers is known to
correct? have assumed the title of ‘Haindava-
(a) 1 only Dharmoddharak’?
(a) Pulakeshin II
(b) 2 only
(b) Shivaji
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) Prithviraj Chauhan
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Rana Sanga
9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
39. A.O. Hume laid the foundation of the 43. Which of the following are among the terms
‘Indian National Union’ which was later of the Gandhi-Irwin pact of 1931?
renamed to 'Indian National Congress'. The 1. The immediate release of all political
prisoners not convicted for violence
name was changed to Indian National
2. The right to peaceful and non-aggressive
Congress after the suggestion of
picketing
(a) W.C. Bannerjee
3. Discontinuance of the Civil
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji Disobedience Movement
(c) Pherozeshah Mehta Select the correct answer using the code
(d) Mahadev Govind Ranade given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only

40. The Free Speech Index 2025 is published by (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
the:
(d) 1 and 3 only
(a) Reporters Without Borders
(b) International Press Institute 44. The recently announced 'bank.in' and 'fin.in'
(c) Future of Free Speech internet domain initiative aimed at
(d) The Economist Intelligence Unit enhancing cyber security in the financial
sector is an initiative of
41. With reference to the DNA Fingerprinting (a) GIFT International Financial Services
Centre
technique, consider the following
(b) National Payments Corporation of India
statements:
(NPCI)
1. It is based on the principle of DNA
(c) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
polymorphism to differentiate one (d) Securities and Exchange Board of India
person from another. (SEBI)
2. It is suitable only for living samples due
to the unstable nature of DNA. 45. Consider the following pairs of international
Which of the statements given above is/are border crossings/corridors and the countries
they connect:
correct?
Crossing / Corridor Places Connected
(a) 1 only
1. Torkham crossing : Pakistan and
(b) 2 only
Afghanistan
(c) Both 1 and 2 2. Netzarim corridor : Armenia and
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Azerbaijan
3. Philadelphi : Egypt and Gaza
42. With reference to Indian history, which of corridor

the following were known as “Khanazads”? Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched?
(a) Mughal Nobles
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Qalandars
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Persian calligraphists (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Arab merchants (d) 1, 2 and 3
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
46. Consider the following statements regarding 49. With reference to the Digital Personal Data
Advance Pricing Agreements (APA): Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act, 2023),
1. APAs are legally binding on both the consider the following statements:
taxpayer and the Income Tax 1. It provides for the establishment of the
Department. Data Protection Board of India.
2. Only multinational corporations are 2. Absolute Right to Erasure is guaranteed

eligible to enter into APAs in India. under the Act, allowing individuals to
demand permanent deletion of their
3. The term of APA can be a maximum of
personal data.
10 years and a minimum of 1 year.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3

50. Which of the following is the primary

47. Which one of the following best describes objective of SEBI’s proposed ‘when-listed’
the term "Blue Washing"? trading platform?
(a) Practice of portraying polluting (a) To allow instant listing of shares without
industries as environmentally friendly by IPO allotment.
categorising them with cleaner industry (b) To legalize informal trading of
labels. cryptocurrency in capital markets.
(b) Overexploitation of marine resources (c) To facilitate trading of IPO shares in a
under the guise of a sustainable ocean regulated environment before official
economy. listing.

(c) Pollution caused by synthetic indigo (d) To shorten the T+3 listing timeline to
T+0 settlement for all stocks.
dyes used in textile industries.
(d) Disinformation campaign to downplay
51. Which one of the following best describes
the impacts of rising sea levels on
the "Shallowfake" sometimes seen in the
coastal communities.
news?
(a) Enhancing the resolution of digital
48. The "Hicklin Test", sometimes seen in the
photographs through artificial
news, is related to which of the following?
intelligence.
(a) Evaluating the scientific accuracy of a (b) Creating high-fidelity digital sound
publication recordings for archival purposes.
(b) Legal standard to assess obscenity in (c) Editing or altering digital images or
published materials videos without the use of sophisticated
(c) A diagnostic method for detecting early- deep-learning algorithms.
stage tuberculosis (d) Generating three-dimensional models
(d) Measuring the nutritional value of from two-dimensional images for virtual
genetically modified crops reality environments.
11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
52. Consider the following statement with 55. Consider the following statements regarding
reference to Purananuru poem of Sangam the Quadrantids Meteor Shower:
Literature:
1. The Quadrantids meteor shower
1. It is traditionally called Ettuthokai in
Sangam literature. originates from an asteroid rather than a
2. It is mainly concerned with life within comet.
the family like domestic affairs, personal
2. It is named after the extinct constellation
relationships and daily rituals.
Quadrans Muralis.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 3. Unlike other meteor showers, it lasts for
(a) 1 only several weeks with a peak duration of 3-
(b) 2 only
4 days.
(c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the statements given above are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
correct?
53. Consider the following statements regarding (a) 1 and 2 only
the Uniform Protection Protocol approved
(b) 2 and 3 only
by Central Electricity Authority :
1. It aims to bring about a smooth (c) 1 and 3 only

integration of 450 GW renewable energy (d) 1, 2 and 3

by 2030.
2. It ensures uniform tariff across all power
56. With reference to the Net-Zero Banking
exchanges
Which of the statements given above is/are Alliance, consider the following statements:
correct? 1. It is a group of leading global banks
(a) 1 only
committed to aligning their lending,
(b) 2 only
investment, and capital markets
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 activities with net-zero greenhouse gas

emissions by 2047.
54. The Triffin Dilemma primarily refers to the
2. No Indian bank is a member of Net-Zero
conflict between
(a) fiscal policies and monetary policies of Banking Alliance.

an economy. Which of the statements given above is/are

(b) Domestic monetary policy goals and correct?
international reserve currency
(a) 1 only
responsibilities
(c) Fiscal deficit and trade surplus (b) 2 only

(d) Employment generation and inflation (c) Both 1 and 2

control
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
57. Which of the following statements about 60. With reference to the Indian Constitution,
Microfinance Loans in India is/are correct? Consider the following statements:

1. Loans with gold as collateral are treated 1. The President causes to be laid before
both Houses of Parliament the annual
as microfinance loans.
financial statement, which includes the
2. RBI has made it mandatory for lenders
estimates of expenditure.
to display the minimum, maximum and
2. The estimates of expenditure included in
average interest rates charged on the annual financial statement are
microfinance loans in all their offices. submitted in the form of demands for
Select the correct answer using the code grants.
given below. 3. No demand for a grant can be made

(a) 1 only except on the recommendation of the

President.
(b) 2 only
4. The Lok Sabha has the power to assent
(c) Both 1 and 2
to or reject any demand for a grant but
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
cannot reduce the amount specified in
the demand.
58. Consider the following statements regarding How many of the statements given above are
the Arctic Tundra Biome: correct?
1. Vegetation in the tundra biome includes (a) Only one

mosses, lichens, and dwarf shrubs. (b) Only two

(c) Only three
2. Organic matter accumulates in the soil,
(d) All four
and nutrients are not recycled quickly.
3. Melting permafrost in the tundra mainly
61. With reference to the Bureau of Energy
releases nitrogen.
Efficiency (BEE), consider the following
How many of the statements given above are statements:
correct? 1. It is a statutory body established under
(a) Only one the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
(b) Only two 2. It is set up under the Ministry of

(c) All three Electronics and Information

Technology.
(d) None
3. It aims to reduce the energy intensity of
the Indian Economy.
59. The well-known rock-cut cave also known
How many of the statements given above are
as Rang Mahal, is part of correct?
(a) Ajanta Caves (a) Only one
(b) Ellora Caves (b) Only two
(c) Bagh Caves (c) All three

(d) Udayagiri Caves (d) None

13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
62. With reference to microplastic pollution in 65. With reference to the Constitutional
plants, which part of the plant absorbs provisions related to National Emergency,
microplastics and nanoplastics directly from consider the following statements:
the air? 1. A Proclamation modifying an already
1. Stomata issued Emergency under Article 352(1)
2. Cuticle does not require the written approval of
3. Root cells the Union Cabinet.
Select the correct answer using the code 2. During a national emergency, the
given below. President can modify provisions related
(a) 1 and 2 only to the distribution of revenues between
(b) 2 and 3 only the Union and the States.
(c) 1 and 3 only 3. During a national emergency, the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 President may temporarily suspend the
Consolidated Fund of India with a
63. Consider the following statements about the presidential order.
effects of a trade war: How many of the statements given above are
1. It can lead to trade diversion and
correct?
regionalization of supply chains.
(a) Only one
2. Trade wars may cause slower global
(b) Only two
economic growth over time.
(c) All three
3. Trade wars may create short-term export
(d) None
opportunities for certain developing
economies.
66. Recently, Chhattisgarh has introduced an
How many of the statements given above are
innovative plan that connects the ecosystem
correct?
services of its forests with the Green GDP.
(a) Only one
In this context, consider the following
(b) Only two
statements regarding the Green GDP:
(c) All three
1. It deducts the monetary value of
(d) None
environmental damage from the
traditional GDP.
64. In modern democratic governance,
2. It is always higher than conventional
legislatures often pass broad laws while
GDP because it includes the value of
leaving the task of framing detailed rules and
ecosystem services.
procedures to the executive authorities. This
approach is considered necessary due to the 3. It is used as an indicator for sustainable

growing complexity of administration and development.

the requirement for specialized expertise. Which of the statements given above is/are

What is this practice known as? correct?

(a) Judicial Activism (a) 1 only

(b) Delegated Legislation (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Executive Fiat (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Substantive law (d) 1, 2 and 3
14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
67. Consider the following: 70. Who among the following were involved in
1. 22-32 degrees centigrade temperature
the 'Meerut Conspiracy Case'?
2. 200 centimeters or above rainfall
3. Well-drained soil 1. Gangadhar Adhikari

4. 600 meters sea level elevation 2. Phillip Spratt

5. 60% relative humidity
3. Shaukat Usmani
Which of the following crops corresponds to
the conditions mentioned above? Select the correct answer using the code

(a) Cardamom given below.

(b) Linseed
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) Makhana
(d) Coconut (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

68. In the context of Medieval India, what was
(d) 1, 2 and 3
the purpose of a 'Khanqah'?
(a) A fortified military outpost used for
defence against invaders.
71. Consider the following statements:
(b) A marketplace for the exchange of
goods and ideas between local and Statement-I: Impeachment of the President

foreign merchants. leads to the fall of government in India.

(c) A religious and spiritual center where
Statement-II: The President is the head of
Sufi mystics lived and interacted with
the community. the State.
(d) A granary used for storing grains as a Which one of the following is correct in
measure against famine.
respect of the above statements?

69. Consider the following locations: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
1. Mundra
correct and Statement-II is the correct
2. Puducherry
explanation for Statement-I
3. Visakhapatnam
4. Mangaluru (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
5. Padur
correct but Statement-II is not the
6. Chandikhol
Which of the above locations hosts India’s correct explanation for Statement-I

Strategic Petroleum Reserves? (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
incorrect
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) 3, 4, 5 and 6 only (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is correct
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
72. 'He became the principal of the Sanskrit 74. Consider the following statements regarding

College in 1851. The first lawful Hindu the Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated

widow remarriage among the upper castes in Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE) program:

India was celebrated under his inspiration 1. It facilitates multimodal logistics

and supervision. Though he was a great infrastructure development at the

Sanskrit scholar, his mind was open to national, state, and city levels.

Western thought. He evolved a new 2. It includes dedicated measures for

technique of teaching Sanskrit and also gender inclusion.

wrote a Bengali primer ' 3. It is funded by the Global Infrastructure

Who among the following is being described Facility (GIF).

in the passage given above? How many of the statements given above are

(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh correct?

(b) MG Ranade (a) Only one

(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (b) Only two

(d) Dwarka Nath Tagore (c) All three

(d) None

73. Triput’ and ‘Tavasya’, recently seen in the

news, are: 75. What is the primary aim of the ANNA

(a) Indigenous stealth frigates of the Indian DARPAN project launched by the Food

Navy Corporation of India (FCI)?

(b) Next-generation combat drones (a) To privatize the FCI depot system

developed by HAL (b) To enhance food processing units in

(c) AI-powered supercomputers developed rural areas

under India’s National Supercomputing (c) To digitally transform and streamline

Mission FCI’s supply chain management system

(d) Advanced reconnaissance satellites (d) To introduce e-commerce for public

launched by DRDO distribution of foodgrains

16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
76. With reference to the Atal Innovation 78. Which of the following species breed only
Mission, consider the following statements: once during their lifetime?
1. It is a flagship initiative of the 1. Oysters
Department of Science and Technology 2. Pacific salmon fish
aimed at promoting a culture of 3. Pelagic fishes
innovation and entrepreneurship in 4. Bamboo
India. Select the correct answer using the code
2. Atal Tinkering Labs under AIM are given below.
established primarily in higher education (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
institutions. (b) 1 and 3 only
3. AIM is a central sector scheme fully (c) 2 and 4 only
funded by the central government.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
79. Which of the following factors contributes to
(a) 1 and 2 only
the decline in dissolved oxygen levels in
(b) 2 and 3 only
global lakes?
(c) 3 only
1. Increased frequency of heatwaves
(d) 1, 2, and 3
2. Enhanced thermal stratification
3. Reduced water clarity due to algal
77. With reference to the Agnipath Scheme
blooms
launched by the Government of India,
4. Decreased atmospheric oxygen
consider the following statements:
concentration
1. The scheme provides for the recruitment
Select the correct answer using the code
of youth into the armed forces for a short
below.
tenure of four years at both the soldier
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only
and officer levels.
(b) 1 and 4 only
2. Upon completion of tenure, only 25% of
(c) 2 and 3 only
Agniveers will be retained in the regular
cadre based on performance. (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

3. Agniveers are entitled to pension

benefits upon completion of their 4-year 80. Which of the following ocean currents is

tenure. different from the others in terms of the

How many of the statements given above are general direction of its flow (northward or

correct? southward)?

(a) Only one (a) Brazil Current

(b) Only two (b) Kuroshio Current
(c) All three (c) Canary Current
(d) None (d) Agulhas Current
17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
81. Consider the following statements regarding 83. Consider the following:
ISRO’s PSLV Orbital Experimental Module
Classification of Industry
(POEM):
1. POEM utilizes the spent fourth stage of Industries

the PSLV rocket as an orbital platform 1. Red Industry : Dry cell battery
for scientific experiments.
2. Orange Industry : Municipal Solid
2. The platform is stabilized using cold gas
thrusters and equipped with solar panels Waste
for power generation. Management
3. It is the first Indian platform to support
3. Blue Industry : Cement
non-governmental payloads in space.
Which of the statements given above are How many of the above pairs are correctly
correct?
matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) Only one

(c) 1 and 3 only (b) Only two

(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) All three

82. Consider the following statements about (d) None

Designing Innovative Solutions on Holistic
Access to Justice in India (DISHA) scheme:
84. Consider the following statements regarding
1. DISHA is a pan-India initiative launched
by the Department of Legal Affairs Carbon Rights:
under the Ministry of Law and Justice to
1. Carbon rights refer to entitlements to the
enhance legal aid and access to justice
using technology-based solutions. benefits derived from carbon

2. The scheme consolidated and merged sequestration and emissions reductions.

various programmes that include Tele-
2. Carbon rights are legal claims.
Law, Nyaya Bandhu, and Nyaya Mitra
initiatives. 3. In India, carbon rights are governed
3. Nyaya Mitra initiative under DISHA exclusively under the Biodiversity Act,
aims to establish a framework for pro
2002.
bono legal services, connecting
practicing advocates with eligible How many of the statements given above are
marginalized beneficiaries.
correct?
How many statements given above are
(a) Only one
correct?
(a) Only one (b) Only two
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(c) All three
(d) None (d) None
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85. Which of the following persons are eligible 88. Which of the following is/are the works of
for the postal ballot in Parliamentary and Jyotiba Phule?
Assembly elections as per the Conduct of 1. Gulamgiri

Election Rules, 1961? 2. Trittiya Ratna

3. Shetkaryaca Asud
1. Members of the armed forces
Select the correct answer using the code
2. Government servants on election duty
given below.
3. Electors under preventive detention
(a) 1 only
4. Overseas electors (b) 1 and 2 only
5. Senior citizens above 80 years of age (c) 1 and 3 only
6. Persons with disabilities (PwDs) (d) 1, 2 and 3
Select the correct answer using the code
given below. 89. The term “10 CFR 810”, recently seen in the
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only news, is related to which of the following?
(a) Guidelines for spectrum allocation in 5G
(b) 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 only
communication networks
(c) 1, 2, 5, and 6 only
(b) Regulations governing the export of
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
unclassified nuclear technology from the
United States
86. With reference to India's constitutional (c) European Union’s data protection
evolution, which of the following happened regulations under GDPR
earliest? (d) International maritime shipping safety
(a) Constitutional status to cooperatives standards under IMO
(b) Provided for reservation in promotions
in government jobs for SCs and STs 90. Consider the following statements :
Statement-I : The number of trophic levels in
(c) Allowing establishment of a common
the grazing food chain is restricted.
high court for two or more states
Statement II : At each trophic level, a large
(d) Abolition of privy purse
amount of energy is lost as heat, and only
about 10% of the energy is transferred to the
87. Consider the following conditions: next level.
1. Clear skies during the night. Which one of the following is correct in
2. Strong winds. respect of the above statements?
3. High relative humidity near the surface. (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
4. Rapid cooling of the land surface after correct and Statement-II explains
Statement-I
sunset.
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-ll are
How many of the above conditions are
correct, but Statement-II does not
favorable for the formation of radiation fog?
explain Statement-I
(a) Only one
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II
(b) Only two is incorrect
(c) Only three (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II
(d) All four is correct

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91. Which of the following correctly represents 94. In the context of the ecological role of
the order of biological process of Diatoms, consider the following statements:
decomposition, from the initial breakdown 1. They thrive exclusively in aquatic
of organic matter to the release of inorganic ecosystems.
nutrients? 2. Diatoms turn energy from the sun into
(a) Humification - Mineralization - sugar.
Fragmentation - Leaching - Catabolism 3. They are the only organisms on the
(b) Fragmentation - Leaching - Catabolism - planet with cell walls composed of
Humification - Mineralization silica.
(c) Leaching - Catabolism - Humification - Which of the statements given above is/are
Fragmentation - Mineralization correct?
(d) Mineralization - Humification - (a) 2 only
Catabolism - Leaching - Fragmentation (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
92. Consider the following statements: (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Species richness increases when more
species are present in a community, 95. Which of the following sculptures are
regardless of their population sizes. depicted at Ellora caves?
2. Species diversity remains high even if 1. Ravana shaking Mount Kailasha.
all individuals belong to a single species. 2. Manushi Buddhas
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. Maheshvara (Shiva) with three faces.
correct? Select the correct answer using the codes
(a) 1 only given below.
(b) 2 only (a) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
93. Recently, Gujarat has notified "Inland
Mangrove of Guneri" as a Biodiversity 96. When a member of parliament is disqualified
Heritage Site (BHS). In this context, with less than one year remaining in their
consider the following statements: term, he/she
1. It is Gujarat’s first Biodiversity Heritage (a) continues to represent the constituency
Site. till the term end as a bye-election cannot
2. It is notified in accordance with the be held
Environment Protection Act, 1986. (b) ceases to represent the constituency and
Which of the statements given above is/are a bye-election cannot be held
correct? (c) ceases to represent the constituency and
(a) 1 only bye-election is held to fill the vacancy as
(b) 2 only soon as possible
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) continues to represent the constituency
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 till the by-election is held
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97. Consider the following information 99. Consider the following statements regarding
regarding important passes of the Western the Regulating Act of 1773:
Ghats: 1. It was enacted on account of the
Pass Location Connects increasing profits of the East India
1. Bor South of Bhor Mumbai and Company and the consequent need for
range Pune
Ghat
the parliamentary control.
2. Thal North of Mumbai and
Igatpuri hills Nashik 2. It vested the Governors and the Councils
Ghat
of the three Presidences (Calcutta,
3. Pal North of Coimbatore
Anaimalai Bengal and Madras) with legislative
Ghat and Palakkad
hills power for the first time.
In how many of the above rows is the given
3. It accorded supremacy to the presidency
information correctly matched?
(a) Only one of Bengal over Madras and Bombay.

(b) Only two Which of the statements given above is/are

(c) All three correct?

(d) None (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
98. The Indian Constitution mandates having a (c) 3 only
Minister in charge of Tribal Welfare for (d) 1, 2 and 3
which of the following states?
1. Chhattisgarh 100. Lichens are widely recognized as
2. Jharkhand
bioindicators for which of the following?
3. Madhya Pradesh
1. Heavy metals
4. Odisha
2. Nitrogen
5. Maharashtra
3. Sulphur Dioxide
6. Telangana
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
given below.
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only (a) 1 only

(b) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1, 2, 4, and 5 only (c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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