JPEDAV

DOI: 10.1007/s11669-013-0257-7
1547-7037 ASM International

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria

in the Cu-Fe-Zr Ternary System
W.L. Huang, Y. Yu, S.Y. Yang, C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida

(Submitted November 29, 2012; in revised form June 14, 2013)

The phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system was experimentally investigated by optical
microscopy, electron probe micro-analyzer and x-ray diffraction on the equilibriated alloys.
Three isothermal sections of the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system at 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C were
experimentally determined, and no ternary compound was found in this system. The further
result in the present work shows that the Fe23Zr6 phase in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system is an
equilibrium phase rather than oxygen-stabilized phase.

and bCuZr2. The Cu5Zr phase forms through peritectic

Keywords Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system, electron probe micro-ana-
lyzer, experimental phase equilibria, x-ray diffraction reaction at 1012 C. The Fe-Zr binary system[12] has five
intermediate phases, FeZr3, FeZr2, aFe2Zr, bFe2Zr and
Fe23Zr6. All the stable solid phases in the three binary
systems are summarized in Table 1.
The purpose of the present work is to experimentally
1. Introduction investigate the phase equilibrium the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary
system at 1000, 1100 and 1200 C by using optical
microscopy (OM), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA)
Metallic glasses have stimulated widespread research
and x-ray diffraction (XRD), which will provide a better
enthusiasm due to its excellent properties of strength,
understanding of microstructures and information for the
hardness, magnetism, wear and corrosion resistance.[1-3]
thermodynamic database of Cu-Fe-Zr-B quaternary phase
However, the applications of metallic glasses have been
diagram.
limited due to the poor plasticity caused by shear localiza-
tion and work softening.[4] To solve this problem, great
attention has been paid to crystalline/amorphous composite
through liquid immiscibility.[5-7] The Cu-Fe-Zr-B is a good 2. Experimental Procedure
candidate for the composites, owing to its sufficiently high
glass-forming ability (GFA) in the Fe-Zr-B system,[8] and a
positive enthalpy of mixing in the Fe-Cu atomic pair.[9] The Highly-pure copper (99.9 wt.%), iron (99.9 wt.%) and
phase equilibria information in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary sub- zirconium (99.9 wt.%) were used as starting materials. Bulk
system is needed to pinpoint the alloy compositions with alloy buttons were prepared from pure elements by arc
liquid immiscibility in the Cu-Fe-Zr-B quaternary system. melting under a highly-pure argon atmosphere using a non-
However, until now, such information in the Cu-Fe-Zr consumable tungsten electrode. The ingots were melted at
ternary system has not been available in the relevant least five times in order to achieve their homogeneity. The
literature. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively sample weight was around 10 g and the weight loss during
determine the phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary melting was generally less than 0.20%. Afterwards, the
system. ingots were cut into small pieces for heat treatment and
Three binary phase diagrams of the Cu-Fe,[10] Cu-Zr[11] further observations.
and Fe-Zr,[12] constituting the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system, are All samples were put into quartz capsules evacuated and
shown in Fig. 1. The Cu-Fe binary system[10] is a simple backfilled with argon gas. The specimens were annealed at
system without any intermediate phase. The Cu-Zr binary 1000, 1100 and 1200 C, respectively. The time of heat
system[11] has ten intermediate phases, Cu5Zr, Cu51Zr14, treatment varied from several hours to several days depend-
Cu8Zr3, Cu2Zr, Cu24Zr13, Cu10Zr7, CuZr, Cu5Zr8, aCuZr2 ing on the annealing temperature and the composition of the
specimen. After the heat treatment, the specimens were
quenched into ice water.
After annealing standard metallographic preparation, the
W.L. Huang, Y. Yu, S.Y. Yang, C.P. Wang, and X.J. Liu, Department microstructural observations were carried out by OM. The
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and equilibrium compositions of the phases were measured by
Research Center of Materials Design and Applications, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China; and
EPMA (JXA-8800R, JEOL, Japan). Pure elements were
R. Kainuma and K. Ishida, Department of Materials Science, Grad- used as standards and measurements were carried out at
uate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, 20.0 kV. The XRD was used to identify the crystal structure
Sendai 980-8579, Japan. Contact e-mail: lxj@xmu.edu.cn. of the constituent phases. The XRD measurement was

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Fig. 1 Binary phase diagrams constituting the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system[10-12]

carried out on a Bruker D8 Advance X-pert diffractometer (at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for 60 days, the two-phase
using CuKa radiation at 35.0 kV and 20 mA. The data were microstructure (Fe23Zr6 + (aFe)) was observed (Fig. 2b) and
collected in the range of 2h from 20 to 120 at a step of substantiated by the XRD result, as shown in Fig. 3(a), where
0.02. the characteristic peaks of the Fe23Zr6 and (aFe) phases were
found and well marked by different symbols. The (aFe) phase
at room temperature came from the phase transition in (cFe)
3. Results and Discussion phase during quenching. Moreover, the composition of the
(aFe) phase at room temperature and the (cFe) phase at high
temperature are the same. The oxygen-content detected by
3.1 Microstructure and Phase Equilibria
EPMA in the Fe23Zr6 phase in all samples is very low in the
Back-scattered electron (BSE) images of typical ternary Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system, which is different from the Fe23Zr6
Cu-Fe-Zr alloys are shown in Fig. 2(a)-(j). Phase identifica- phase stabilized by oxygen in the Fe-Zr system.[26] Combined
tion was based on the equilibrium composition measured by with the EPMA element mapping (Fig. 4) of the selected area
EPMA and XRD results. Figure 2(a) shows the two-phase of the Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for
microstructure ((aFe) + Liquid) of the Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 (at.%) 60 days, the Fe23Zr6 phase is an equilibrium phase in the
alloy annealed at 1200 C for 1 day. In the Cu5Fe85Zr10 Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system.

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Table 1 The stable solid phases in the three binary systems
System Phase Pearson’s symbol Prototype Space group Lattice parameters, nm References

Cu-Fe (Cu) cF4 Cu Fm-3m a = 0.3613 [10,13]

(dFe) cI2 W Im-3m a = 0.29315 [10,14]
(cFe) cF4 Cu Fm-3m a = 0.343 [10,15]
(aFe) cI2 W Im-3m a = 0.2866 [10,14]
Cu-Zr (Cu) cF4 Cu Fm-3m a = 0.3613 [11,13]
Cu5Zr cF24 AuBe5 F-43m a = 0.687 [11,16]
Cu51Zr14 hP65 Ag51Gd14 P6/m a = 1.12444, c = 0.82815 [11,17]
Cu8Zr3 oP44 Cu8Hf3 Pnma a = 0.78693, b = 0.81547, c = 0.99848 [11,17]
Cu2Zr … … … … [11]
Cu24Zr13 o*37 … … … [11]
Cu10Zr7 oC68 Ni10Zr7 C2ca a= 1.26729, b = 0.93163, c = 0.93466 [11,17]
CuZr cP2 CsCl Pm-3m a= 0.32620 [11,18]
Cu5Zr8 o*26 … … … [11]
bCuZr2 tI6 MoSi2 I4/mmm a= 0.32204, c = 1.11832 [11,19]
aCuZr2 tP150 … … … [11]
(bZr) cI2 W Im-3 m a = 0.3568 [11,20]
(aZr) hP2 Mg P63/mmc a = 0.3232, c = 0.5147 [11,21]
Fe-Zr (dFe) cI2 W Im-3m a = 0.29315 [12,14]
(cFe) cF4 Cu Fm-3m a = 0.343 [12,15]
(aFe) cI2 W Im-3m a = 0.2866 [12,14]
Fe23Zr6 cF116 Th6Mn23 Fm-3m a = 1.169 [12,22]
bFe2Zr hP24 MgNi2 P63/mmc … [12]
aFe2Zr cF24 Cu2Mg Fd-3m a = 0.70721 [12,23]
FeZr2 tI12 Al2Cu I4/mcm a = 0.6385, c = 0,5596 [12,24]
FeZr3 oC16 BRe3 Cmcm a = 0.3324, b = 1.0990, c = 0.8810 [12,25]
(bZr) cI2 W Im-3m a = 0.3568 [12,20]
(aZr) hP2 Mg P63/mmc a = 0.3232, c = 0.5147 [12,21]

The Cu5Fe45Zr50 (at.%) and Cu5Fe10Zr85 (at.%) alloys (at.%) alloys annealed at 1000 C and Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%)
annealed at 1100 C are located in two two-phase equilib- alloy annealed at 1100 C have been calculated, respectively
rium regions of the (Fe2Zr + Liquid) and ((bZr) + Liquid), (Table 2).
respectively, as characterized in Fig. 2(c) and (d). A three-
phase equilibrium of the (Fe23Zr6 + (aFe) + (Cu)) was
observed (Fig. 2e) in the Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 (at.%) alloy
annealed at 1000 C for 60 days and the XRD results is 3.2 Isothermal Section
shown in Fig. 3(b), where the characteristic peaks of The equilibrium compositions of the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary
Fe23Zr6, (aFe) and (Cu) phases were confirmed. Figure 2(f) system at 1000, 1100 and 1200 C obtained from EPMA are
presents the three-phase equilibrium microstructures of the listed in Tables 3-5, respectively. Base on the experimental
(Fe23Zr6 + (aFe) + Liquid) in the Cu45Fe45Zr10 (at.%) alloy data determined by this work, three isothermal sections of
annealed at 1200 C for 2 days, and Fig. 2(g) shows a 1000, 1100 and 1200 C were constructed in Fig. 5(a)-(c),
three-phase equilibrium of the (Fe23Zr6 + Fe2Zr + Liquid) respectively.
in the Cu38Fe38Zr24 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1200 C for Figure 5(a) shows the isothermal section at 1000 C. In the
2 days. There is a three-phase equilibrium of the section, four three-phase regions of (Fe23Zr6 + (cFe) +
(Fe23Zr6 + Fe2Zr + (Cu))in the Cu41Fe41Zr18 (at.%) annealed (Cu)), (Fe23Zr6 + Fe2Zr + (Cu)), (Fe2Zr + (Cu) + Liquid)
at 1000 C (Fig. 2h) and the XRD results is shown in and (Fe2Zr + Cu51Zr14 + Liquid)) appear. The results show
Fig. 3(c). Two three-phase equilibria of the (Fe2Zr + (Cu) + that the maximum solubility of Cu in the Fe2Zr and Fe23Zr6
Liquid) and (Fe2Zr + Cu51Zr14 + Liquid) were observed in phases are about 15 and 5 at.%, respectively. In the isothermal
the Cu37Fe37Zr26 (at.%) and Cu60Fe10Zr30 (at.%) alloys section of 1100 C shown in Fig. 5(b), two three-phase
annealed at 1000 C, and were indicated in Fig. 2(i) and (j), regions of (Fe23Zr6 + (cFe) + Liquid) and (Fe23Zr6 +
respectively. XRD results of the Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 (at.%) and Fe2Zr + Liquid) were experimentally determined in this
Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%) alloys annealed at 1000 C are presented work. The maximum solubility of Cu in the Fe2Zr phase
in Fig. 3(d) and (e), respectively. According to the XRD was found to be about 12.5 at.%, and the maximum solubility
results, the lattice parameters of phases in the Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 of Cu in the Fe23Zr6 phase was approximately 4.5 at.%. The
(at.%), Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 (at.%), Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%), Cu41Fe41Zr18 phase relationships in the isothermal section of 1200 C

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Fig. 2 Typical ternary BSE images obtained from: (a) Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1200 C for 1 day; (b) Cu5Fe85Zr10
(at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for 60 days; (c) Cu5Fe45Zr50 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for 4 days; (d) Cu5Fe10Zr85 (at.%) alloy
annealed at 1100 C for 4 days; (e) Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 60 days; (f) Cu45Fe45Zr10 (at.%) alloy annealed
at 1200 C for 2 days; (g) Cu38Fe38Zr24 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1200 C for 2 days; (h) Cu41Fe41Zr18 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C
for 4 days; (i) Cu37Fe37Zr26 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 4 days; and (j) Cu60Fe10Zr30 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 12 h

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from: (a) the Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for 60 days; (b) the Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1
(at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 60 days; (c) the Cu41Fe41Zr18 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 4 days; (d) Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 (at.%)
alloy annealed at 1000 C for 60 days; and (e) the Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1000 C for 60 days

containing two three-phase regions of (Fe23Zr6 + (cFe) + lines. Compared with the above mentioned three isother-
Liquid) and (Fe23Zr6 + Fe2Zr + Liquid) (Fig. 5c), is quite mal sections, it should be noted that the area of liquid
similar to that at 1100 C. Undetermined three-phase phase increases at the temperature range from 1000 to
equilibria in Fig. 5(a) and (b) are shown in dashed 1200 C.

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Fig. 4 Fe23Zr6-enriched region of the Cu5Fe85Zr10 (at.%) alloy annealed at 1100 C for 60 days: (a) BSE micrograph of the region
with (aFe) (dark areas), and Fe23Zr6 (white areas); (b, c, and d) EPMA element mappings of the respective region for zirconium, oxy-
gen, and iron, respectively

Table 2 The calculating lattice parameters of phases in typical ternary Cu-Fe-Zr alloys
Alloys, at.% Annealing temperature, °C XRD pattern Phase Calculating lattice parameters, nm

Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 1000 Figure 3(b) (aFe) a = 0.2870

Fe23Zr6 a = 1.1659
(Cu) a = 0.3616
Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 1000 Figure 3(d) (aFe) a = 0.2868
Fe23Zr6 a = 1.1675
(Cu) a = 0.3618
Cu5Fe85Zr10 1000 Figure 3(e) (aFe) a = 0.2871
Fe23Zr6 a = 1.1713
Cu41Fe41Zr18 1000 Figure 3(c) Fe2Zr a = 0.7037
Fe23Zr6 a = 1.1668
(Cu) a = 0.3620
Cu5Fe85Zr10 1100 Figure 3(a) (aFe) a = 0.2868
Fe23Zr6 a = 1.1695

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Table 3 Equilibrium compositions of the Cu-Fe-Zr system at 1000 °C
Composition, at.%

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase equilibria
Alloys, at.% Annealing time Phase 1/Phase 2/Phase 3 Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr

Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 60 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/(Cu) 7.3 92.7 0.0 6.0 73.5 20.5 93.6 6.4 0.0
Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 60 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/(Cu) 7.2 92.8 0.0 5.2 74.2 20.6 94.1 5.8 0.1
Cu5Fe85Zr10 60 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6 5.1 94.9 0.0 3.3 76.0 20.7
Cu41Fe41Zr18 4 days Fe2Zr/Fe23Zr6/(Cu) 6.3 68.1 25.6 4.6 75.8 19.6 94.6 5.4 0.0
Cu37Fe37Zr26 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid/(Cu) 7.1 64.1 28.8 87.8 4.0 8.2 96.6 3.4 0.0
Cu60Fe10Zr30 12 h Fe2Zr/Liquid/Cu51Zr14 14.0 54.0 32.0 58.5 6.0 35.5 78.3 1.0 20.7
Cu30Fe30Zr40 21 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 11.2 56.4 32.4 29.3 14.1 56.6
Cu10Fe50Zr40 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 5.2 60.8 34.0 22.7 20.5 56.8
Cu27.5Fe27.5Zr45 21 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 11.1 56.5 32.4 29.8 13.5 56.7
Cu25Fe25Zr50 21 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 3.0 64.0 33.0 19.8 22.8 57.4
Cu10Fe40Zr50 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 2.7 63.2 34.1 13.3 20.9 65.8
Cu5Fe45Zr50 21 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 1.2 66.2 32.6 8.0 26.7 65.3
Cu9Fe9Zr82 21 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.1 0.1 99.8 10.6 13.7 75.7
Cu5Fe10Zr85 4 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.0 0.1 99.9 7.1 16.6 76.3
Cu5Fe5Zr90 4 days (bZr)/Liquid 2.9 2.8 94.3 15.5 14.6 69.9

Table 4 Equilibrium compositions of the Cu-Fe-Zr system at 1100 °C

Composition, at.%

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase equilibria
Alloys, at.% Annealing time Phase 1/Phase 2/Phase 3 Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr

Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 2 days (cFe)/Liquid 7.0 93.0 0.0 90.7 4.5 4.8

Cu48.5Fe48.5Zr3 4 days (cFe)/Liquid 6.7 93.3 0.0 94.1 5 0.9
Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 4 days (cFe)/Liquid 6.8 93.2 0.0 93.6 4.3 2.1
Cu46.5Fe46.5Zr7 4 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 6.5 93.3 0.2 7.4 72.4 20.2 92.4 5 2.6
Cu45.5Fe45.5Zr9 4 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 6.7 93.3 0.0 7.6 72.6 19.8 90.5 4.9 4.6
Cu45Fe45Zr10 4 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 7.4 92.6 0.0 7.1 72.0 20.9 90.8 5.2 4
Cu5Fe85Zr10 60 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6 5.1 94.8 0.1 3.6 75.8 20.6
Cu43.5Fe43.5Zr13 4 days Fe2Zr/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 5 67.5 27.5 6.8 73.2 20.0 93.20 3.0 3.8
Cu41Fe41Zr18 4 days Fe2Zr/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 5.3 67.6 27.1 6.3 73.7 20.0 92.0 3.1 4.9
Cu38Fe38Zr24 1 day Fe2Zr/Liquid 13.6 55.7 30.7 71.0 8.1 20.9
Cu37Fe37Zr26 1 day Fe2Zr/Liquid 7 62.5 30.5 83.3 4.5 12.2
Cu30Fe30Zr40 12 h Fe2Zr/Liquid 9.9 57.6 32.5 68.1 6.6 25.3
Cu10Fe50Zr40 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 8.5 58.5 33 52.5 11.2 36.3
Cu25Fe25Zr50 1 day Fe2Zr/Liquid 9.1 57.8 33.1 41.4 11.6 47.0
Cu10Fe40Zr50 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 4.5 63.0 32.5 19.1 21.4 59.5
Cu5Fe45Zr50 4 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 3 65.8 31.2 12.3 24.1 63.6
Cu9Fe9Zr82 4 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.3 0.1 99.6 12.2 9.4 78.4
Cu10Fe5Zr85 4 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.4 0.1 99.5 15.3 6.3 78.4
Cu5Fe10Zr85 4 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.1 0.1 99.8 9.0 11.5 79.5

Table 5 Equilibrium compositions of the Cu-Fe-Zr system at 1200 °C

Composition, at.%

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase equilibria
Alloys, at.% Annealing time Phase 1/Phase 2/Phase 3 Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr

Cu49.5Fe49.5Zr1 1 day (cFe)/Liquid 8.4 91.6 0.0 95.9 4.1 0.0

Cu48.5Fe48.5Zr3 2 days (cFe)/Liquid 8.0 92 0.0 95.0 5.0 0.0

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

Table 5 continued
Composition, at.%

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase equilibria
Alloys, at.% Annealing time Phase 1/Phase 2/Phase 3 Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr Cu Fe Zr

Cu47.5Fe47.5Zr5 2 days (cFe)/Liquid 7.7 92.3 0.0 96.8 3.2 0.0

Cu45Fe45Zr10 2 days (cFe)/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 7.1 92.9 0.0 10.9 68.4 20.7 90.1 5.2 4.7
Cu41Fe41Zr18 2 days Fe2Zr/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 5.2 68.5 26.3 7.1 72.5 20.4 92.8 3.3 3.9
Cu38Fe38Zr24 2 days Fe2Zr/Fe23Zr6/Liquid 6.9 64.7 28.4 9.0 70.9 20.1 89.3 2.7 8.0
Cu30Fe30Zr40 6 h Fe2Zr/Liquid 10.1 54.6 35.3 69.7 6 24.3
Cu20Fe40Zr40 2 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 10.5 57.6 31.9 76.9 7.9 15.2
Cu10Fe50Zr40 2 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 7.7 59.2 33.1 43.6 12.7 43.7
Cu27.5Fe27.5Zr45 2 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 9.9 55.0 35.1 72.6 7.2 20.2
Cu25Fe25Zr50 1 h Fe2Zr/Liquid 5.7 62.2 32.1 23.6 19.8 56.6
Cu10Fe40Zr50 2 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 3.2 64.1 32.7 19.8 17.9 62.3
Cu5Fe45Zr50 2 days Fe2Zr/Liquid 1.3 65.5 33.2 8.9 25.5 65.6
Cu9Fe9Zr82 2 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.2 0.0 99.8 11.7 9.5 78.8
Cu5Fe10Zr85 2 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.1 0.0 99.9 7.8 12.1 80.1
Cu5Fe5Zr90 2 days (bZr)/Liquid 0.2 0.0 99.8 6.8 8.8 84.4

Fig. 5 Experimentally determined isothermal sections of the Cu-Fe-Zr system at: (a) 1000 C, (b) 1100 C and (c) 1200 C

Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

4. Conclusions 10. L.J. Swartzendruber, Cu-Fe (Copper-Iron), Phase Diagrams
for Binary Alloys, 2nd ed., H. Okamoto, Ed., ASM Interna-
tional, Materials Park, 2010, p 308
The isothermal sections of the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system 11. H. Okamoto, Cu-Zr (Copper-Zirconium), J. Phase Equilib.
at 1000, 1100 and 1200 C were experimentally determined Diffus., 2008, 29(2), p 204
by the means of EPMA and XRD. The area of liquid phase 12. H. Okamoto, Fe-Zr (Iron-Zirconium), J. Phase Equilib.
increases at the temperature ranging from 1000 to 1200 C. Diffus., 2006, 27(5), p 543-544
13. I.K. Suh, H. Ohta, and Y. Waseda, High-Temperature Expan-
sion of Six Metallic Elements Measured by Dilatation Method
and X-Ray Diffraction, J. Mater. Sci., 1988, 23, p 757-760
Acknowledgments 14. D.R. Wilburn and W.A. Bassett, Hydrostatic Compression of
This work was supported by the National Natural Iron and Related Compounds: An Overview, Am. Mineral.,
Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51031003 and 1978, 63, p 591-596
51201145) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of 15. J. Haglund, F. Fernandez-Guillermet, F.G. Grimvall, and
M. Korling, Theory of Bonding in Transition-Metal Carbides
China (Grant No. 2009DFA52170). The support from the and Nitrides, Phys. Rev. B, 1993, 48, p 11685-11691
National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 16. P. Forey, J.L. Glimois, J.L. Feron, G. Develey, and C. Becle,
Program, 2012CB825700) is also acknowledged. Preparation, identification et structure cristalline de Cu5Zr,
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