Answer Key
Section A:
1. b) India
2. b) Federal
3. a) Power sharing
Section B:
4. accommodation
5. three
6. Division of power
Section C:
7. False
8. False
9. False
Section D:
10.a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
11.b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Section E:
12.Reservation of seats ensures representation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in legislatures and
government jobs to uplift their socio-economic status.
13.Power sharing ensures that no single group dominates others, reducing the possibility of conflict.
14.One challenge is the demand for separate states based on regional identities, leading to tensions and conflicts.
Section F:
15.The three forms of power sharing are horizontal (among organs of government), vertical (between different
levels of government), and communal (among different social groups).
16.Community government involves the participation of local communities in decision-making. An example is the
panchayati raj system in India.
17.Major outcomes include the resolution of the language conflict, increased political stability, and the promotion
of unity and diversity.
Section G:
18.Consociationalism is a political system that emphasizes power-sharing among different ethnic or religious
groups.
19.Power sharing ensures that diverse interests and opinions are represented in decision-making, promoting
inclusivity and preventing the dominance of any single group.
Answer Key
Section A:
1. c) Europe
2. a) Giuseppe Mazzini
3. a) Unite Germany into a single nation-state
Section B:
4. French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars
5. Westphalia
6. share a common culture, language, and history
Section C:
7. True
8. False
9. True
Section D:
10.c) A is true, but R is false.
11.a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section E:
12.Giuseppe Mazzini was a prominent figure in the Italian nationalist movement, advocating for the unification of
Italy under a republican government.
13.The idea of nationalism inspired various German-speaking states to unite under Prussian leadership,
culminating in the establishment of the German Empire in 1871.
14.Nationalist movements faced opposition from conservative forces, internal divisions among ethnic groups, and
intervention by other European powers.
Section F:
15.The French Revolution promoted the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which inspired nationalist
movements across Europe and contributed to the overthrow of monarchies.
16.Civic nationalism is based on shared citizenship and political ideals rather than ethnic or cultural identity. An
example is the American nation, where citizenship is defined by allegiance to democratic principles rather than
ancestry.
17.The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore stability and order in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the
redrawing of borders and the establishment of a balance of power among European states.
Section G:
18.Factors contributing to the decline of the Ottoman Empire include internal corruption, external pressures from
European powers, and nationalist movements within its territories.
19.Cultural nationalism emphasizes the revival of national customs, traditions, and languages to promote a sense of
national identity and unity among people.
