Auxiliary Verbs in Grammatical Example Habits and
Simple Present: Structure: Sentence: routines
In the simple I read books Example: She
present tense, the Affirmative: every day. goes to school
auxiliary verbs Subject + base (Affirmative every day.
"do" and "does" verb (+ s/es for simple present)
are used for he, she, it) General truths
negative sentences Example: She Let me know if and facts
and questions. plays tennis. you want Example: Water
Use "do" with I, examples of boils at 100°C.
you, we, they Negative: negative or
Use "does" Subject + questions too. Scheduled
with he, she, it do/does + not events
+ base verb (especially with
Example: He timetables)
does not like Example: The
coffee. train leaves at
6 p.m.
Question:
Do/Does +
subject + base
verb?
Example: Do
they work
here?
Auxiliary Verbs Grammatical Use of the Actions
in Present Structure: Present happening at
Continuous: Continuous: the moment of
The present Affirmative: The present speaking
continuous Subject + continuous is Example: I am
uses the am/is/are + used to writing a
auxiliary verb verb + -ing describe: message.
"be" in the Example: She
present form: is studying. Actions Temporary
happening actions or
am with I Negative: right now situations
Subject + Example: He is Example: She
is with he, she, am/is/are + not talking on the is staying with
it + verb + -ing phone. a friend this
Example: They week.
are with you, are not Temporary
we, they working. actions or Planned future
situations events (with
Question: Example: I am future
Am/Is/Are + living with my meaning)
subject + verb cousin this Example: We
+ -ing? month. are traveling to
Example: Are Paris next
you coming? Future plans month.
(with future
meaning)
Example: We
are meeting
them
tomorrow.
Auxiliary Verbs Grammatical Example The present
in Present Structure: Sentence: perfect is used
Perfect: They have to describe:
The present Affirmative: finished their
perfect uses Subject + project. Life
the auxiliary have/has + experiences
verb "have" or past participle Let me know if (without saying
"has": Example: She you'd like a when)
has visited timeline to Example: I
have with I, Rome. visualize the have visited
you, we, they use. London.
Negative:
has with he, Subject + Actions
she, it have/has + not completed
+ past recently (often
participle with just,
Example: They already, yet)
have not Example: She
finished their has just
homework. arrived.
Question: Actions that
Have/Has + started in the
subject + past past and
participle? continue to the
Example: Have present (with
you seen that for, since)
movie? Example: They
have lived here
for five years.
Forms of the Grammatical Use of the Verb Example
Verb “To Be” in Structure: "To Be" in Sentence:
Present Tense: Present: I am a student.
Affirmative: The verb "to
am – used with Subject + be" in present Let me know if
I am/is/are + is used to: you'd like a
complement chart or a quiz
is – used with Example: She Describe to practice!
he, she, it is a teacher. identity or
profession
are – used with Negative: Example: He is
you, we, they Subject + a doctor.
am/is/are + not
+ complement Describe states
Example: They or conditions
are not ready. Example: I am
tired.
Question:
Am/Is/Are + Talk about age,
subject + time, or place
complement? Example: It is 5
Example: Are o’clock.
you happy?
Talk about
relationships or
origin
Example: We
are from
Canada.
Auxiliary Verbs Grammatical Use of the Example
in Simple Past: Structure: Simple Past Sentence:
Tense: They traveled
The simple Affirmative: The simple past to Mexico last
past does not Subject + past is used to year.
use auxiliaries form of the describe:
in affirmative verb Let me know if
sentences. Example: She Completed you want a list
visited her actions in the of irregular
In negative and grandma. past verbs too!
question forms, Example: I saw
it uses the Negative: that movie
auxiliary "did" Subject + did yesterday.
for all subjects. not (didn't) +
base form of A sequence of
the verb past events
Example: He Example: He
didn’t play woke up, got
football. dressed, and
left.
Question:
Did + subject + Past habits or
base form of routines
the verb? Example: We
Example: Did always walked
you go to the to school.
party?
Situations or
facts in the
past
Example: She
lived in Spain
in 2010.
Past Structure Grammar Examples
Continuous (Estructura) Rules (Reglas Affirmative:
Auxiliaries Affirmative Gramaticales) He was
(Auxiliares) (Afirmativa): Use the verb playing the
Was (para I, Subject + “to be” in past guitar.
he, she, it) was/were + (was/were) + Negative:
Were (para verb(-ing) + verb with -ing I was not
you, we, they) complement (present sleeping at
Example: participle). midnight.
She was Add -ing to Interrogative:
studying the main verb: Were they
English last Work → dancing at the
night. working party?
Negative Run → running
(Negativa): Make →
Subject + making
was/were + Spelling rules
not + verb(- for -ing:
ing) + For verbs
complement ending in -e,
Example: drop the e and
They were not add -ing:
watching TV → Write →
at 9 PM. writing
For one-syllable
Interrogative verbs ending in
(Interrogativa consonant-
): vowel-
Was/Were + consonant,
subject + double the
verb(-ing) + last
complement? consonant:
Example: → Sit → sitting
Were you
doing your
homework
when I called?
Past perfect Structure Grammar Examples
Affirmative: Rules Affirmative:
Auxiliaries Subject + had Use the They had left
Had (para + past auxiliary "had" the house
todas las participle + for all subjects. before it
personas: I, complement The main verb started raining.
you, he, she, it, Example: must be in Negative:
we, they She had past I had not
finished her participle eaten anything
homework form (third all day.
before dinner. column of Interrogative:
Negative : irregular Had she
Subject + had verbs). called you
not (hadn’t) Regular: work before the
+ past → worked meeting?
participle + Irregular: go →
complement gone, eat →
Example: eaten, do →
We had not done
seen that It is often used
movie before. with time
expressions
Interrogative like before,
: after, by the
Had + subject time, when,
+ past already, just,
participle + never.
complement?
Example:
Had he left
when you
arrived?
regular and Structure Grammar Examples
Irregular Verbs (Affirmative: Rules Regular Regular Verbs:
Auxiliaries Subject + verb Verbs: Affirmative:
Regular and (past form) + Form the past I watched a
irregular verbs complement simple and movie last night.
do not use Regular: past participle Negative:
special She played the by adding -ed She did not
auxiliaries by piano. Work → worked talk to him.
themselves. Irregular: Clean → Interrogative:
They are used in He ate an cleaned Did you clean
tenses that apple. Call → called your room?
need auxiliaries Negative (Past Spelling Rules:
like: Simple): Verbs ending in
Did (for past Subject + did -e → just add -d:
simple not + base → Love → loved
questions and form of the Verbs ending in
negatives) verb + consonant + y →
Have/Has/Had complement change y to i
(for perfect Regular: and add -ed:
tenses) We did not → Study →
Example: watch TV. studied
Did you play Irregular: One-syllable
soccer They did not verbs with CVC
yesterday? go to the park. pattern →
(Regular) double the last
Have you gone Interrogative consonant:
to school? (Past Simple): → Stop →
(Irregular) Did + subject stopped
+ base form of
the verb +
complement?
Regular:
Did she clean
her room?
Irregular:
Did you see the
movie?
Modal Verbs Structure Grammar Examples
Modal verbs are Affirmative: Rules (Reglas Affirmative:
special Subject + Gramaticales) He must finish
auxiliary modal verb + Modal verbs his homework.
verbs. The most base verb + do NOT We can meet at
common ones complement change with the 5 PM.
are: Example: subject (no -s in Negative:
Can She can speak 3rd person). She should not
Could French. Correct: She can be late.
May Negative: swim. You must not
Might Subject + ❌ Incorrect: She touch that!
Must modal verb + cans swim. Interrogative:
Shall not + base Always use the Can they come
Should verb + base form of with us?
Will complement the main verb Should I call her
Would Example: after the modal. now?
They are always You should not → He must
followed by the eat so much study. (✅)
base form of sugar. → He must
the main verb Interrogative: studies. (❌)
(infinitive Modal verb + No
without "to"). subject + base “do/does/did”
verb + for questions or
complement? negatives.
Example: → Can you help
Can he drive a me? (✅)
car? → Do you can
help me? (❌)
Verb to be in Structure Grammar Examples
past Affirmative: Rules Affirmative:
Auxiliaries Subject + Use “was” with I was very tired
The verb “to was/were + I, he, she, it last night.
be” in past has complement Use “were” Negative:
two forms: Example: with you, we, He was not at
Was → She was at the they home.
used with park yesterday. In negative Interrogative:
I, he, sentences, add Was it cold
she, it Negative: not after yesterday?
Were → Subject + was/were:
used with was/were + → was not =
you, we, not + wasn’t
they complement → were not =
Example: weren’t
They were not In questions,
(weren’t) in invert the
class this subject and the
morning. verb:
Interrogative: → You were
Was/Were + tired. → Were
subject + you tired?
complement?
Example:
Were you
happy with the
results?
