Day ma

prapttes
ootes
of solay ce)!
OShort

principle wsr hing

OCxphinonstrustion
Ansy TSs99 dalotc e a

als
OProper bics of Nano materi
Vo lumc Babio
ng4omattuiaJs
makes
tncrcascs ahemical rcacfviby
8<ngYS.
setal in catalys ts
Effect: At nano scale, matialssho e
diffsent Jectrical
dectrical nd opbical behavior due t o e
uanbum nechanies.
9 tech anial strcngth : Nanomateials aie .ten strengu
handon than balk matuial -carbon nnoty bes
vay stron)
opheal preputis : Nanopabicles show
ight absor bion due, toSize. Use ful in
medical qnd Sola lsot
s9hnma
Thomal propenbits : Some'nane mat aials Goncest heab
be fhn, ohi leothes resist heat scdin dosrois
insulation.
Proptis: show Sop paam aznetism "at
Sm al
data sbovege
 Solar cll:

Princi ple; Tho solar cell a bascd

of
or photo volbai eh to vlabik effeot is he
ffest he abba ne
photogaation ot chogecaiicYS
in a ight

absorbing matiaLs Hessl6 f absorpton of

light Tadiat ion.
Constrction:
and
|Oselar cell consists of n-Iypc 8cmicsnduct ornlay an
P-typo oSemkonduct lo
Sand oithed anA hence -thuio is 6rmatiod.of
P-n Junetion
O Tbe sarface is co6ledish aatire Aestion coqbing
bo reAeet ion
volatiç c f f e o t o ldoqg eai
Photo
Thes gescnation f otag GrasS d-0 Junctian
in

radiation. is callcd photovo Itale effeba Bhe devices

bascd hiscffststi call cd Pho to iakait doies.
O Common matials r Sola co |ls in elydes silcon,
Cadmiun Arsni de CCARS).
The ast Is siliuo0
 for silien, me band e CheCY hcecASny to
brnsAnleot ron Crom Ihc pph valenc lovd
bo
Hu ondyct ion band.
istncv The max: thcorebical
effiuicney of a Solan all dpnd an
his band gye.
u Silicon o max. efAincy
is 2fo.
Sunlight
Glass

Me bal

Ts

mebal Contor |

OA Solar coll censists of

of aaRs
P-o Janct on diocde mad
GaRs Hig. gives he schGmgtit symbel. of
ale
Solar cel).
" The inwald arou' ndicates
he incoming light. he
iodo s
glass indow
top sa hat ight imay all up on Pad N

6F hep-region is
kept vuny Small
So thatvdcobrensnat
cd in his Tgion can
dithus
allaw hales
Ihu
nclion, bebre hy raom binc.w tup
Yecombnendad
to obtan a lage A nickd patid
pho irokage
ing& provided aJoud he p-lay
he psi hvc oufpgt uminal .A mctal
bottom ve ouhput haminal.

dorking :
Ihu working a solat oe l may be undunstood from
om
my
Hg why lght radiabion RlLs n he p-n Junction
iH valene clotrons and
odc photors colide
them to leare
inpact hon butAuicot
sntAint nngy caabling thm to
Haa paLt atoms.
.Thus leoron-hole pais alo
snd N- sides of. Hechon -Thcsc kets ons and
boles reach he depletion ncgion by difhysion
hen sepag tcd, by he strong bari
eat hing huu. Hou,he minority camin eocbrn

to
p-sidea
Nside
slid daonHe bantnpotutial to nach
holes in the N-side nove to h
P-sidu Ther Aow constity ks Hhe minorib cunntwhyih

bug Gnpsgd ta hghb.

 .

(6) CC)
The acwmlabion nd hleo on he kuo
SNes of he jdion higc), gives
ris fo opn

illumingtion. The opn Cirait Votbage