English Anthology

4th semester
Third Parcial
l
1
2
 Passive voice, Present simple

The passive voice is used when we focus on the object of the sentence.

When it is important to know who does the action, we use by. The noun that follows by is called
the “agent.”

We form the passive with be + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

3
 Passive Voice
A. Read the text about the border city of Juarez, Chihuahua.
Ciudad Juárez is a city which is located in the state of Chihuahua. The city is referred to by
locals as Juárez or Juaritos, and it was known as Paso del Norte until 1888. Its population
is estimated to be around 1.5 million people. The city lies on the Rio Grande river, south of
El Paso, Texas. The two cities together are the second largest binational metropolitan area
on the Mexico–U.S. border.

There are four international points of entry in Ciudad Juárez to cross to El Paso: The Bridge of the Americas, Paso
del Norte Bridge, Stanton Street Bridge, and Ysleta International Bridge. There is one more point of entry to the
United States, but it connects to Santa Teresa. Millions of crossings are allowed each year, making Ciudad Juárez
a major point of entry and transportation into the U.S. The city is known by its industrial centers which are made
up by more than 300 maquilas or assembly plants, located in and around the city. These helped the city grow
substantially because of the influx of people moving into the city in search of jobs.

The city has had its ups and downs, as it has been portrayed in the media, but above all, its people’s courage and
determination have made it a special place to live which wouldn’t be replaced easily.
Complemented by some information found on: State Magazine. Ciudad Juárez. Caroline Schneider. https://statemag.state.gov/2023/07/0723pom/

Passive Voice
It is used when the focus is on the action. It is to say, it is not important or unknown who or what is performing
the action.
The information is given. The bank was robbed.
They are informed. Two libraries were built this year.

When the agent (the doer of the action) is mentioned, it is introduced by “by”.

The refugees are helped by the Mexican government.

The award was given by the members of The Academy

Verb Past Participle (Optional)

Personal Pronoun / Subject
to be* (Pag. 55-56) by does of the action

I am helped by my mom.
Simple Present

Electricity is conducted by water.

JT isn´t admired by many people.
You are confused by the events.
The activities are done by the students.
You weren´t supervised by the principal.
Simple Past

She wasn´t hired by a large company.

The book was written by me.**
We were helped by Mary.
They were expelled.
*it can be conjugated in all tenses and / or preceded by modal verbs, affirmative or negative.
Notes

**After “by”, we use object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) instead of personal pronouns
(I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they). 4
 Name ____________________________________________________

Passive Voice
B. Reread the text of section A , identify the sentences written in the Passive Voice and write them down.

1. Ciudad Juárez is a city which is located in the state of Chihuahua.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

C. Complete the sentences using the verbs between parentheses. Simple Present – Passive Voice.
1. (mention) The class rules ……………………..………………… by the teacher.
2. (build) Houses ……………………..………………… in the southeastern part of the city everyday.
3. (drink) Champagne ……………………..………………… to celebrate something important.
4. (close) ………………. the laboratory ……………………..………………… at 2pm?
5. (check) ……………… the exams ……………………..……… by the teacher?
6. (park) My car ……………………..………………… outside the school.
7. (not break) Hector´s computer ……………………..…………………
8. (develop) The project ……………………..……………… by Kevin and Ali.
9. (not send) The information …………………………………by email.
10. (give) The prize ……………………..………… to the winner of the competition.
11. (not download) The audio files ……………………..………… automatically.
D. Complete the sentences using the verbs between parentheses. Simple Past – Passive Voice.
1. (not conquer) Mexico ……………………..………………… by the Portuguese in 1521.
2. (award) Marie Curie ……………………..………………… the Nobel Prize for Physics.
3. (not scold) Ana ……………………..………………… by her parents.
4. (catch) Luis and Israel ……………………..………………… cheating during the exam.
5. (not allow) We ……………………..………………… to stay in Language class for not bringing the book.
6. (grant) In Mexico, women ……………………..………………… to vote in1953.
7. (expel) Some students ……………………..………………… from school for damaging the furniture.
8. (set) The plates ……………………..………………… on the table by my dad.
9. (not see) The UFO ……………………..………………… by most of the population.
5
10. (hurt) My feelings ……………………..……………… when she did not invite to her birthday party.
PAssIve VoIce : sImple present tense worksheet
Name:
Rewrite each sentence using passive voice for simple present tense.

1. People produce 2. The farmer grows 3. Mrs.Lawrance 4. Alexander plays

cars in this factory. carrots in his field. milks her cow twice golf every Sunday
.................................. .................................. a day. morning.
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................
.................................. ..................................

5. Maisie takes a lot 6. Everyone in this 7. Mason and Lucas 8. Lexi and Megan
of nature photos at class loves and read story books eat ice-cream three
weekends. respects Diana. every day. times a week.
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................

9. The Hamiltons 10. Mr.Oven cleans 11. A mechanic 12. Mr.Ward sells
cook roast turkey on our street every repairs your car in fresh meat in his
special days. morning. his garage. shop.
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................

13. Most women 14. Eva's mother 15. People cut down 16. Policemen catch
watch TV series at brushes her hair more and more trees and arrest thieves
home. every morning. every day. and robbers.
.................................. .................................. .................................. ..................................
.................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. 6
 Passive voice, Past simple
The passive voice is used when we want to focus attention on the person or thing affected
by the action. Normally, the performer of the action, or the agent, comes first and is
made the subject of the verb and then we use the active form of the verb. The other
person or thing is made the object of the verb.
Consider these examples:

 'The boss invited her to the party.'

 'The construction company in Station Road employed three hundred people.'

However, if you want to focus on the person or thing affected by the action, you make
the person or thing the subject of the sentence and use the passive voice:

 'She was invited to the party by the boss.'

 'Three hundred people were employed by the construction company in Station
Road.'

We form the passive with be in past + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

In the past simple, the passive is: was / were + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

7
Past Simple Passive Form
Name:

1. We ________________ for each other. (not/mean)

2. If it were, they _____________. (save)

3. Each man _______________ with his own thoughts. (occupy)

4. It was not long before we __________________. (discover)

5. For a moment not a sound ____________. (hear)

6. At each place they ______________ back. (drive)

7. It __________________ to the attention of any others. (not/bring)

8. But he __________________ to pass. (not/allow)

9. The word ____________ to draw back. (give)

10. Not a word ___________ for some moments. (say)

11. In the course of the day nothing _______________. (receive)

12. And they ______________ to believe him. (force)

13. She _____________ by something in his voice. (strike)

14. Every thing ___________ easy to them. (make)

15. They knew, and they _____________. (know)

16. You found me when I ___________. (lose)

17. They _____________ because they ______________. (take) (need)

18. He _______________ again until the next morning. (not/see)

19. Not an eye _____________ that night. (close)

20. They ________________ by some people on foot. (follow)

8
9
 Name ____________________________________________________

Passive Voice
. Rewrite the given sentences in the Passive Voice. Simple Present & Simple Past.
1. Gabriel watches tv. Tv is watched by Gabriela.
…………………………………………….……………………….…………...
2. Mexicans speak Spanish. …………………………………………….…………………….……………...
3. They write poems. …………………………………………….………………….………………...
4. I post photos every day. …………………………………………….………………….………………...
5. She does her homework. …………………………………………….……………….…………………...
6. We donate clothes. …………………………………………….……………….…………………...
7. I ordered pizza 20 minutes ago. Pizza was ordered by me 20 minutes ago.
…………………………………………….……………….…………………...
8. He bought a new book yesterday. …………………………………………….……………….…………………...
9. We cleaned the house last week. …………………………………………….…………….……………………...
10. Evelyn spelled the name of the city. …………………………………………….………….………………………...
11. Vianney wrote a letter. …………………………………………….……….…………………………...
12. The coach canceled the game. ………………………………………………….……………………………....

. Based on the structure of the Passive Voice, write several sentences.

G. Listen to the audio. Then, indicate if each statement is T (True) or F (False).

1. Several countries of Europe were hit by a tsunami in 2004. T F
2. Millions of lives weren´t changed forever. T F
3. The earthquake was measured at 8.3 on the Richter Scale. T F
4. The quake was followed by four giant waves. T F
5. Whole villages were destroyed. T F
wachamo university fresh man course (25
6. Millions of people were swept out to the sea. T F de agosto de 2022) Listening Exercise
passive voice (Archivo de Video). Youtube.
7. In total, almost 300,000 people were killed. T F
https://youtu.be/zIFYp6G-
8. The damage could have been lessened if there had been a spk?si=StwFogyRNZry6Ii3

tsunami early-warning system. T F

9. Governments have been working together to develop
10
an early-warning system T F
 Name ____________________________________________________

1. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Simple.
a. English ____________________ (speak) in many countries.
b.
c. ______________________________ (the building/use) any more?
d. How often ______________________________ (the Olympic Games(hold)?
e. How _______________________ (your name/spell)?
f. My salary _____________________ (pay) every month.
g. These cars _________________________ (not make) in Japan.
h. The name of the people who committed the crime _____________________ (not know).
i. His travel expenses ________________________ (not pay) by his company.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple.
a. My car ______________________ (repair) last week.
b. This song ________________________ (not write) by John Lennon.
c. ________________________________ (the phone/answer) by a young girl?
d. The film ________________________ (make) ten years ago.
e. When ______________________________ (tennis/invent)?
f. The car ________________________ (not damaged) in the accident.
g. The original building _________________________ (pull) down in 1965.
h. Where ______________________________ (this pot/make)?
i. When _______________________________ (this bridge/build)?

3. Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

FIAT
Fiat 0 was started (started/was started) by a group of Italian businessmen in 1899. In 1903, Fiat,
1
_________________ (produced/was produced) 132 cars. Some of these cars
2
_____________________ (exported/were exported) by the company to the United States and Britain.
In 1920, Fiat 3_________________ (started/was started) making cars at a new factory at Lingotto, near
Turin. There was a track on the roof where the cars 4____________________ (tested/were tested) by
technicians. In 1936, Fiat launched the Fiat 500. This car 5____________________ (called/was called)
the Topolino the Italian name for Mickey Mouse. The company grew, and in 1963 Fiat
6
_____________________ (exported/was exported) more than 300,000 vehicles. Today, Fiat is based in
Turin, and its cars 7_________________ (sold/are sold) all over the world.

4. Change the following sentences into passive sentences using the words in brackets.
a. We sell tickets for all shows at the Box Office. (Tickets for all shows/sell/at the Box Office)
_________________________________________________________________________________
b. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. (The electric light bulb/invent/by Thomas Edison)
_________________________________________________________________________________
c. Someone painted the office last week. (The office/paint/last week)
_________________________________________________________________________________
d. Several people saw the accident. (The accident/see/by several people)
_________________________________________________________________________________
e. Where do they make these video recorders? (Where/these video recorders/make)
_________________________________________________________________________________

11
 Name ____________________________________________________

Present Perfect
Person 1 Person 2
Questions: Short Answers:
Use
Have I written the letter twice? you personal
have. (+)
pronouns in
haven’t. (-)
Have you been to Cancun? I the answers:
Yes, >Has Mar
he read that book? he been there?
ever has. (+)
Has she taken The exam? she Yes, she
hasn’t. (-)
it snowed Like this? it has.
>Have Gael
Have we seen that movie? we / you
and Mar
Have you come here before? we have. (+) read it?
No,
haven’t. (-) Yes, they
Have they learned to dance? they have.

C. Using the given information, make questions and answer them. Look at the example.
Example:
You / listen / to this song. (-) Have you listened to this song? No, I haven´t.

1. She / break / a bone. (+) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..

2. Maria / cheat / on an exam. (+) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
3. Luciano / skip / a class. (-) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
4. We / have / an argument. (+) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
5. They / swim / in the ocean. (-) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
6. Juan and Mary / go / on a date. (-)………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
7. You / be / fined. (+) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
8. He / drive / a truck. (-) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
9. You / eat / Chinese food. (+) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..
10. I / travel abroad. (-) ………………………………………………………………… ? …………………..

D. Work in pairs. Write a conversation in which you ask your classmate his / her experience on something, using
the Present Perfect. Then, present your conversation in front of the class.

Have you ever

tried an exotic
dish / food?

Yes, I have. I
have tasted
crickets and
cockroaches.
12
 Name ____________________________________________________

Present Perfect
A. Read the interview. Two people from Mexico City moved to the state of Chihuahua and they are sharing their
experience so far.
Jose: Welcome to today’s talk! I’m here with Silvia,
all the way from Mexico City, who will be
sharing her experiences about living in the
big state, Chihuahua. Silvia, you have
recently moved to this beautiful state,
haven´t you? Could you tell us about your
journey here?
Silvia: Yes, I have been living in Chihuahua for just
six months now. It has been quite an
adventure since the very first moment that
I was told that I would live here due to
the company´s merge. I am still getting used
to the changes, but I must admit that I have
had some challenges.
Jose: Really? Can you mention some of them?
Silvia: First of all, distances. I have to visit different facilities in different cities across the state, and they are
not close. Sometimes it´s an 8-to-9-hour trip just to get to the city. Normally, it would be a 3-to-4-
hour trip in the capital. In addition, I did not expect this type of weather. Now I can tell my family
and friends that I have experienced such a cold winter, and temperatures below -10ºC. I have even
seen the snow for the first time. It´s wonderful, but no when you have to drive and be away from
home.
Jose: I understand. And what about the positive experiences? Have people been welcoming?
Silvia: Yes, I had never experienced such warm hospitality before. I have met some friendly neighbors
and made a few new friends. What I like about people here is that they are very upfront.
Furthermore, I have tried some delicious dishes like burritos, the Mennonite pizza, apple pie, but
above all, the carne asada. I must admit it has been the best that I have ever tasted. I have already
been to the famous Copper Canyon, it´s breathtaking, and to the Samalayuca Dunes, too.
However, there are still more places to visit on my bucket list.
Jose: That’s great! I think you have experienced pretty much, and I am glad that you are really looking
forward to exploring even more! Thank you for sharing your experiences with us today!
B. Complete the sentences using the verbs and adverbs between parentheses - Present Perfect. Go to the page 8
for a review of the structure of this tense.
1. (never – see) Emmanuel ……………………………………………………………. the sea.
2. (work) Valeria ……………………………………………………………. on her project yet.
3. (send) Daniel ……………………………………………………………. us the information.
4. (not – be) Emily ……………………………………………………………. absent that long before!
5. (be) The weather ……………………………………………………………. terrible lately.
6. (just -move) My friend Yareli ……………………………………………………………. to Delicias.
7. (write) The students ……………………………………………………………. their reports yet.
8. (never – ride) Dayana and Melissa ……………………………………………………………. a horse.
9. (take) Kenia and Karen……………………………………………………………. the test yet.
10. (work) Mr. Guzman ……………………………………………………………. her since 2019.
13
11. (already – make) I ……………………………………………………………. my mind.
NAME: ________________________ DATE: ________________________
GRAMMAR WORKSHEET
PRESENT PERFECT
I have I have
You have You have
He has He has
She has eaten. She has not eaten.
It has It has
We have We have
They have They have
Yes, No,
Have I I have. I have
Have you you have. you have
Has he he has. he has
Has she eaten? she has. she has not.
Has it it has. it has
Have we we have. we have
Have they they have. they have

 Complete the sentences below. Use ‘haven’t or ‘hasn’t’ for negative sentences.

1. I’m really hungry because I (eat) _______________ _______________.

2. A: _______________ Mary (do) _______________ her homework?

B: Yes, she _______________.
3. _______________ we (see) _______________ that movie? I can’t remember.
4. Oh no! I (lose) _______________ _______________ my cell phone!
5. No, Pat and Sue (arrive) _______________ _______________. They’re not here.
6. _______________ Mr. Smith (have) _______________ breakfast?
7. I’m nervous. I (fly) _______________ _______________ in a plane before!
8. A: _______________ he (call) _______________? B: No, he _______________.
9. _______________ you ever (write) _______________ a poem?
10. I’m not happy. I still (find) _______________ _______________ my cell phone.
11. _______________ you (decided) _______________ what food you want to order?
12. _______________ Sarah (read) _______________ the magazine I gave to her?
13. _______________ you (put) _______________ all your toys away?
14. It (rain) _______________ _______________ for a very long time.
15. I think I (forget) _______________ _______________ to buy some bread.
Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use. © www.allthingsgrammar.com

14
Name ____________________________________________________
Make the present perfect simple: positive, negative or question.
1. (she / pass the exam?)
_____________________________________________________________________
2. (you / eat lunch yet?)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. (he / read the newspaper today?)
____________________________________________________________________
4. (you / not / study French for ten years)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. (they / be in London for six months)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. (where / you / be?)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. (we / not / go to Paris)
_____________________________________________________________________
8. (she / not / see The Lord of the Rings)
_____________________________________________________________________
9. (he / not / meet my mother)
_____________________________________________________________________
10. (they / not / visit St. Paul's Cathedral yet)
_____________________________________________________________________
11. (what / she / eat today?)
_____________________________________________________________________
12. (why / you / do your homework already?)
_____________________________________________________________________
13. (how / she / make this fantastic cake?)
_____________________________________________________________________
14. (why / I / miss the plane?)
_____________________________________________________________________
15. (they / not / go to bed)
_____________________________________________________________________
16. (it / rain a lot this week)
_____________________________________________________________________
17. (they / use a credit card before?)
_____________________________________________________________________
18. (we / have enough to eat?)
_____________________________________________________________________
19. (she / not / play basketball before)
_____________________________________________________________________
20. (I / wear a kimono)
_____________________________________________________________________ 15
 Name ____________________________________________________

Use of some adverbs

A. Read the text. Look at the underlined words. What are they used for?
I had just thought about traveling to the southwestern part of the state
of Chihuahua by the time I was invited to join in this unforgettable
adventure, filled with incredible landscapes I had never seen before.
Top attraction of the trip? The Copper Canyon.
I haven’t found the right words to describe such a stunning beauty yet.
I had already visited other canyons, but they can’t hold a candle to the
Copper Canyon. This was unlike anything I had ever experienced, and
the views from the cable car truly offered a unique perspective of the
Sierra Tarahumara mountains. We went hiking, riding, and ziplining.
We also visited the Basaseachi Waterfalls; one word: breathtaking.
We have recently returned from this adventure, two weeks ago to be
precise, and we are already planning a trip to the northern part of the
state to visit the ancient ruins of Paquime, the Samalayuca Dunes, and
the border city of Juarez.

already, just, recently, lately, ever, never, yet

We use these adverbs to indicate continuity of an action generally in the Present Perfect, but they can also be
used in other tenses.

Already Just Recently Lately Ever Never Yet

Jaqueline has
Ariel had Evelyn, have Belinda has
I have recently
been stressed you ever never Brisa hasn’t
already Rubi has just started a new
lately. been to El cheated on given an
participated. sent the job.
Paso? an exam. answer yet.
information.
Fernanda has
Elizabeth had Brian
been posting It was the Aylin never Lesly will not
already Kenia just left recently
a lot of best concert I thought leave yet.
watched that school. moved to
pictures ever about it.
movie. Casas
lately. attended
Grandes.

B. Solve the puzzle using the hints.

ACROSS

6. Nothing like this has ………………. happened to

me. I can´t believe it.
7. Jennifer has ………………. finished reading that
book.

DOWN

1. Mr. Basurto has ………………. explained the

topic.
2. Irene hasn´t turned 17 ……………….
3. ………………., I haven´t felt well.
4. You have ………………. been to Cancun. Don´t
lie!
5. Belem has ………………. won the academic
competition. 16
 Name ____________________________________________________

Use of some adverbs

C. Write the words in the correct order to make sentences and / or questions.
1. have / The / their / finished / students / just / exam / . /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Mrs. Estrada / not / my / email / replied / has / yet / . / to /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. tv / We / that / famous / already / watched / have / show / . /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. You / answered / exercises / just / four / have / . /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Paola / Has / bought / car / new / a / recently / ? /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Karla / skipped / ever / English / Has / class / ? /
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
D. Do you any song that includes one of these adverbs “already, just, recently, lately, ever, never, yet”? Complete
the chart with the name of the singer or band and write down that part of the lyrics that includes the adverb.

Adverb Singer / Band Part of the lyrics that includes the adverb

Already

Just

Recently

Lately

Ever

Never

Yet

E. Share with your classmates one of the songs that

uses the suggested adverbs and tell them whether you I really love the song
like the song / singer / band or not. You might also “Have you ever seen the
answer some questions that your classmates make rain?” by Creedence
regarding your favorite artists / songs. because my father
always … 17
 15
Name ____________________________________________________

For / Since
A. Read the text. Complete the blanks using “for” or “since”.
My name is Brandon, and I have studied at CBTIS …………………..
2023. I have been part of the soccer team …………………….. Last
semester, when I was invited to join. You might ask, “Invited?”. Yes,
I was, indeed. I have been playing in the junior division of a
national team …………………….. almost three years, so I do have
experience. That´s why I was fast-tracked.

We, as a team, have worked tirelessly …………………….. months in

preparation for the state championship. …………………….. The
beginning of the season, we have trained every other day
…………………….. 2 hours, improving our skills, kicks, dribbling
and strategies for every match. We have studied our rival teams, too. They are good, but we are not left behind.

We are about to travel to the capital city, as the championship begins in two days. We know that our hard work
will pay off. Not only that, but we are ready for glory!

For: Since:
Date, day, time, event:
Periods of time:
We have voted since July 2006.
She has lived there for 10 months.
I have participated in class since last Monday.
They have been dating for 2 weeks.
It has been part of the European Union since 2016.
I have worked here for 8 years.
I have not felt well since the accident.

B. Write about an experience, class, activity that you have had / done for some time now. Use “for” and “since” to
indicate how long have you been doing it.

Since 2024, I have

practiced Mixed
Martial Arts, and I
have learned a lot!
First of all, …

18
Name ____________________________________________________

"Boulevard Of Broken Dreams" by Green Day

A. Fill the spaces with the scrambled words below.
Tretes Aord Neo Geos Yitc Kawl

I walk a lonely _____________

The only one that I have ever known
Don't know where it __________
But it's home to me and I ________ alone

I walk this empty __________

On the Boulevard of Broken Dreams
Where the __________ sleeps
and I'm the only __________ and I walk alone
I walk alone
I walk alone

B. Put the sentences in the correct order.

______ My shallow heart's the only thing that's beating

______ 'Til then I walk alone

______Sometimes I wish someone out there will find me
______ My shadow's the only one that walks beside me
______I'm walking down the line
______ Of the edge and where I walk alone
______On the border line
______ That divides me somewhere in my mind

C. Cross out the extra words

Read between the two lines
What's fucked up and everything's alright
Check my only vital signs
To know I'm still alive and I walk all alone
I walk alone
I walk alone

My white shadow's the only one that walks beside me

My shallow heart's the only thing that's still beating
Sometimes I do wish someone out there will find me
'Til then I walk alone

D. Circle the correct word

I walk this empty/busy/narrow street
On the Boulevard of Broken Dreams
Where the city watches/ sleeps/lies
And I'm the only one and I walk a...

My shadow's the only one that crawls /runs/walks beside me

My shallow heart's the only thing that's beating/living/singing
Sometimes I wish someone out there will love/ find/like me
'Til then I walk alone...

19
 Some Regular Verbs
To form the Simple Past / Past Participle of the Regular Verbs, follow These are the 3 ways to pronounce the
the –ed adding rules. -ed ending. It depends on the last
Add –ed to the basic form sound of the verb in the simple form.
General rule:
Learn > learned Wait > waited /id/ /t/ /d/
If the verbs Add –d to the basic form Waited Helped Called
end in -e Bake > baked Love > loved Needed Looked Cleaned
consonant + y : vowel + y . add -ed Sniffed Offered
If the verbs y becomes i, and add - Wasted Wished Damaged
end in -y ed Exploded Watched Loved
Try > tried Play > played Kissed Amazed
If the verbs Add k + ed Fixed Rubbed
end in c Panic > panicked Traffic > trafficked Claimed
If the verbs end vowel If the verbs end in –x, -w, Laughed Plugged
+consonant, or 2 vowels + consonant, Danced Allowed
1-syllable double the consonant do not double the Breathed
verbs and add -ed consonant and add -ed
Mop > mopped Fix > fixed
Plan > planned Snow > snowed
Rain > rained
Add -ed When the last syllable is
stressed, double the
2-syllable consonant and add –ed.
verbs Do not double if ending
in –x, -w
Travel > traveled Admit > admitted
Open > opened Omit > omitted

Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple

Infinitive / Past Spanish Infinitive / Past Spanish Infinitive / Past Spanish
Participle Participle Participle
Answer Answered Responder Deliver Delivered Entregar Point Pointed Señalar

Arrive Arrived Llegar Dress Dressed Vestir Practice Practiced Practicar

Ask Asked Preguntar End Ended Acabar Repeat Repeated Repetir

Belong Belonged Pertenecer Enjoy Enjoyed Disfrutar Resist Resisted Resistir

Change Changed Cambiar Erase Erased Borrar Shop Shopped Comprar

Clean Cleaned Limpiar Fill Filled Llenar Smoke Smoked Fumar

Climb Climbed Escalar Look Looked Mirar Start Started Empezar

Close Closed Cerrar Love Loved Amar Stop Stopped Detener

Cook Cooked Cocinar Miss Missed Extrañar Study Studied Estudiar

Count Counted Contar Name Named Nombrar Talk Talked Hablar

Dance Danced Bailar Need Needed Necesitar Want Wanted Querer

20
Dare Dared Retar Open Opened Abrir Wash Washed Lavar
 Some Irregular Verbs
Past Past
Infinitive Past Simple Spanish Infinitive Past Simple Spanish
Participle Participle
be was/were been Ser/estar know knew known Saber
beat beat beaten Ganar leave left left Dejar
begin began begun Empezar lend lent lent Prestar
bend bent bent Doblar let let let Dejar
bite bit bitten Morder lose lost lost Perder
blow blew blown Soplar make made made Hacer
break broke broken Quebrar mean meant meant Significar
bring brought brought Traer meet met met Encontrar
build built built Construir pay paid paid Pagar
buy bought bought Comprar put put put Poner
catch caught caught Atrapar read read read Leer
choose chose chosen Escoger ring rang rung Sonar
come came come Venir ride rode ridden Pasear
cost cost cost Costar run ran run Correr
do did done Hacer say said said Decir
draw drew drawn Dibujar see saw seen Ver
drive drove driven Manejar sell sold sold Vender
drink drank drunk Beber send sent sent Enviar
eat ate eaten Comer show showed shown Mostrar
fall fell fallen Caer shut shut shut Cerrar
feel felt felt Sentir sing sang sung Cantar
fight fought fought Pelear sit sat sat Sentar
find found found Hallar sleep slept slept Dormir
fly flew flown Volar speak spoke spoken Hablar
forget forgot forgotten Olvidar spend spent spent Gastar
forgive forgave forgiven Perdonar stand stood stood Parar
get got gotten Obtener swim swam swum Nadar
give gave given Dar take took taken Tomar
go went gone Ir teach taught taught Enseñar
grow grew grown Crecer tell told told Contar
have had had Tener think thought thought Pensar
hear heard heard Oír throw threw thrown Tirar
hide hid hidden Esconder understand understood understood Entender
hit hit hit Golpear wake woke woken Despertar
hold held held Sostener wear wore worn Vestir
hurt hurt hurt Herir win won won Ganar
keep kept kept Mantener write wrote written Escribir 21