A

Project Synopsis
On
"CONSTRUCTION VILLAGE ROAD"

SUBMITTED FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARDED DIPLOMA

IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

SESSION 2022 - 2023

SUBMITTED BY:
HIMANSHU PATEL (E20228632200011)
ABDUL ANAS (E20228632200012)
SHIVAM KUMAR (E20228632200009)

Under the Guidance of: Under the Supervision of:

Mr.KULDEEP Dr. SANTOSH SINGH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PRINCIPAL
(DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)

ARYAVART INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW

(Affiliated by Uttar Pradesh Board of Technical Education, Lucknow)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the Diploma

project undertaken during Diploma final year. We own special debt of
Gratitude to Mr. KULDEEP Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING, Aryavart
Institute of Technology & Management- Lucknow, for his constant Guidance
throughout and perseverance have been of inspiration for us.
We have the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Kuldeep,
Mukesh for his full support and assistant during the development of the
project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution

of faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and
cooperation during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we
acknowledge our friends & Parents for their contribution in the completion of
the project.

HIMANSHU PATEL (E20228632200011)

ABDUL ANAS (E20228632200012)
SHIVAM KUMAR (E20228632200009)
Table Of Contents-
S.NO. TITTLE PAGE NO.
WROKING GROUP ON RURAL ROAD IN THE 11TH
01 FIVE PLAN(2007)
1
02 OVER VIWE OF DEVELPEMENT OF RURAL ROAD 2
03 PLAIN AREAS 3
04 IMPACT OF RURAL ECONOMY 4
05 POVERTY ALLEVIATION 5
06 PLANNING AND DESIGN OF RURAL ROAD 6
07 REFERENCE 7
1 - Working Group on Rural Roads in the 11 th Five Plan
(2007-12).

• Constitution of Working Group

In the context of formulation of the 11th Five Year Plan, it was
decided by the Planning Commission to set up a working group
on Rural Roads. Planning Commission (Transportation Division),
Government of India vide memo No. 18/3/2006 –TPT, dated 24th
April, 2006 constituted the committee with Secretary, Ministry of
Rural Development as Chairman and Joint Secretary, Ministry of
Rural Development as Convener.
Along with the constitution of the Working Group the Planning
Commission has indicated the terms of reference.
The second meeting of the Working Group was held on 13
November 2006 and the issues were discussed. The working group
recommended the preparation of draft final report with the issues
and incorporating the recommendations of the sub-groups.
Accordingly, the Working Groups report on Rural Roads in 11th Five
Year Plan is structured as detailed in the following section.
2- Overview of Development of Rural Roads

2.1- Historical Development

Since 1940’s the Government of India and the StateG overnment had
drawn several policies, programs and conceived various schemes
for the development of rural roads in India. The policies framed
and targets were set under the long-term road development plans
and accordingly funds were allocated in various rural development
programs/schemes under the Five Year Plans.
2.2- Long Term Policy Issues

During the early part of the century, it was realized that in order to
achieve sustainable growth in agriculture and industrial sectors in
India, the then Government of India appointed Jaykar Committee to
advise suitable road policy for India. It was in the year 1943, a group
of Engineers formulated the First Twenty Year Road Development
Plan popularly known as Nagpur Plan (1943- 1961) towards planning
of the road system in India. Subsequently Bombay Plan, the Second
Twenty Year Road Development Plan (1961-81) was formulated and
recommended for implementation. In continuation, third Twenty
Year Road Development Plan, known as Lucknow Plan (1981-2001)
was conceived and implemented. The criteria, targets and
achievement for road development laid down during these plans are
presented in Table 2.1.
and State Governments in developing the road infrastructure
of adequate standards in the country. The strategy proposed
in the vision document for planning rural roads emphasized
the need for preparation of master plans for rural road
network in each district. The planning of network for the
district may cover all habitations with minimum population of
100 and above to be served by all-weather roads. Table 2.2
presents the prioritized targets for the provision of all-weather
roads. It also suggested for providing connectivity to all the
habitations by the end of this decade (2010).

The Vision also gives priority by way of special attention to the

coastal regions, tribal areas, deserts and hill areas for road
development in general. It has also recommended for
consideration to improve the existing fair-weather roads to all-
weather standards, by providing adequate cross drainage
structures wherever they are missing and also for completion
of works in progress.

2.3- Rural Roads in Five Year Plans

Constitutionally, the development of rural roads is the

responsibility of the State Government in India. Because of
this, the rural roads received very little attention from the
Central Government until 1967, when a special committee,
under the chairmanship of Shri H.P. Sinha was appointed. The
committee studied the rural roads and the connectivity pattern
and recommended certain criteria for developing and for
allocation of budget for rural roads. Since Fifth Five Year Plan,
funds are allocated under various rural development program
such as Minimum Needs Program (MNP), National Rural
Employment Program (NREP), Rural Landless Employment
Guarantee Program (RLEGP), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY),
etc for the development of rural roads.

In the year 1978 a Working Group on Rural Roads was set up

by the Planning Commission of India to formulate connectivity
criteria and make projections of road length and estimate
requirement of funds for development of rural roads. The
Committee made an assessment of existing rural road
connectivity and estimated that an amount around Rs.11,000
crores (at 1978 prices) would be required toconnect all
villages with all-weather road. Some of the

recommendations of the Working Group were taken into

consideration while formulating budget for road development
in the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85) and about 30% of the
total road outlay was allocated for rural road sector. Similarly,
the plan outlay under the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90)
was Rs.1729.40 crore for providing rural connectivity.

The criteria for connectivity under MNP were periodically

revised. During the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997) the
criteria for linkage of villages to a road were modified.
Priorities were accorded to link all villages with a population of
1000 and above on the basis of 1981 census and special
efforts to accelerate village connectivity in respect of
backward regions and tribal areas.

The connectivity criteria under MNP were once again revised

for the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997- 2002). The revised norms
for connectivity of villages adopted the 1991 population
census as the base and the criteria were as follows:

3- Plain areas

(i) 100 % of all villages with population above 1000 and (ii) 75
% of all villages with population between 500-1000
• Hilly areas: (i) 100 % of all villages with population above
500 and (ii) 75 % of villages with population between 200-500
• Tribal, coastal, riverine and desert areas: (i) 100 % of
villages with population above 500 and (ii) 75 % of villages
with population between 200-500.

It is further stipulated that in case the above criteria does not

ensure connectivity to 85 % of the village population in a
district, then villages with lesser population than mentioned
above should also be considered for connectivity. Population
category wise connectivity of the villages from 1980 to 2000 is
presented.

According to the above statistics, by 2000 almost all villages

with population over 1500, about 86 % with 1000 to 1500
villages, and 43 % of villages with less than 1000 population
were connected with all-weather road facility.
25

3.1- Socio-Economic Development by Rural Roads

Rural roads are the basic infrastructure requirement and

play a vital role in socio-economic upliftment of rural
community. They contribute significantly in rural development
by creating opportunities to access rural roads. The major
aim of the study was to compute the Internal Rate of
Return (IRR) for the investment made on project roads
constructed under the Agricultural Development Program
(ADP) in Rajasthan. The benefits are estimated by taking net
incremental agricultural production value, net agricultural
transport cost savings and non-agricultural vehicle operating
cost savings. The overall average IRR for the selected 21 road
projects was found to be 15.64 per cent. In addition, this study
results also showed positive relationship between the road
improvement interventions with socio-economic parameters.

4- Impact on Rural Economy

Ministry of Rural Development had commissioned a series

of quick assessments of socio- economic impact of PMGSY
in Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal. These studies were conducted by independent
agencies during January to February, 2004.

• The impacts of rural roads are summarized as given below:

• Improvement in transportation services:- which leads to

improved access to market centres for the rural producers,
better availability of form inputs at reduced prices;
• Diversification of agricultural:– improved market access
promotes shift in favour of cash crops and commercialization
of agricultural activities.
• Diversification of livelihood opportunities:– better
connectivity enhances employment opportunities in the non-
agricultural sectors.
• Improved services:– improved road connectivity enhances
access to education, health and financial services.
• Increase in the outreach of the State:– Improved rural
roads facilitates better availability of public services and
functionaries in rural areas.

5- Poverty Alleviation

Asian Development Bank (2002) also conducted a study on

‘Impact of Rural Roads on Poverty Reduction – A Case Study’.
Study concluded that ruarl roads are the important
enabling conditions for livelihood development for people in
rural areas. The poor and very poor primarily benefit through
the indirect impact of road improvements, of better access to
state services and improved provision of services to the
villages, and opportunities in alternative livelihood income
stream.

promotion of economic growth and decline in the incidence of

poverty. Jocelyn A Songco (Columbia University and the World
Bank, 2002) in a study pointed out that rural infrastructure
investments benefit the rural poor rural poverty. The model
estimated the number of poor people who would be raised
above the poverty line for each Rs.1 million (1993 constant
prices) of additional investment in eight different components
of public
was also found to be contributing significantly to
productivity growth. An additional Rs.100 billion (in 1993
prices) invested in roads would increase productivity growth by
more than 3 percent.
The Committee has also suggested constituting a centralized
agency at national level for raising and allocating of funds and
a separate cell for managing the actual construction of rural
roads in each district. The funds to be raised for the program
are based on diesel cess, from development activities, issuing
of tax-free bonds, and loans from domestic and external
sources. It also suggested launching an Online
Management and necessary funds and capacity building.
6- Planning and Design of Rural Roads

• Network Planning for Rural Roads

Rural roads are part of total road network system and basically
consist of various categories such as National Highways, State
Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Village
Roads. As per the definition of Indian Rods Congress
(IRC:SP:20:2002) rural roads includes Other District Roads (ODR)
and Village Roads as tertiary system for providing accessibility in
rural areas. Rural roads, therefore, become links of a network, which
facilitate the movements of persons and goods in an area.
References
• Ministry of Rural Development, Empowerment of Rural India
through connectivity, May, 2000.
• Ministry of Rural Development (2001), Manual for Preparation of
District Rural Roads Plan for PMGSY, Government of India.
• Ministry of Road Development (2004), Specifications for Rural
Roads, New Delhi: Indian Roads Congress.
• Ministry of Rural Development (2004), Guidelines for Pradhan
Manatri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Ministry of Rural
Development, Government of India.
• Ministry of Rural Development (2005), PMGSY - Operational
Manual. Government of India.
• Ministry of Rural Development (2004)., Impact Assessment of
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana – PMGSY.
• Ministry of Rural Development (2006), Rural Roads
Development Plan: Vision -2025 (Draft), Government of India.