LESSON 5: MEDIA AND INFORMATION  Description of all the objects within

LANGUAGES a frame of media and how they

have been arranged
“Language may be a source of  Set Design
misunderstandings"  Costume
 Props
(Marshall McLuhan, 1964)  Staging and Composition
3. ACTING
Media Languages  Portraying characters in media
 Contribute to character
 It refers to how media through their development, creating tension, or
forms, codes, conventions and advancing the narrative
techniques to communicate  Facial Expression
meaning to their audience  Body Language
 Denotative - literal meaning that we  Vocal Qualities
find in dictionary  Movement
 Connotative - figurative meaning,  Body Contact
symbolic
Codes
 Are systems of signs which create Technological Codes
meaning  are ways in which equipment is
Conventions used to tell a story
 Are the generally accepted ways of  E.g Camera angles , framing depth of
doing something field , lighting
GENRE
 come from a french word meaning
TYPE OF CODES “type” or “class”
CAMERA SHOTS
Written Codes 1. Extreme wide shots
 the use of language and textual style  Done in a large crowd scene or a view
 Uses words , use in traditional media of scenery as far as the horizon
 E.g Headlines, captions, speech  Entire venue
bubbles, 2. Wide shots
Symbolic Codes  Focuses on the place or specific
 Show what is beneath the surface of setting
what we see or iconic symbol that are  View of situation or setting from a
easily to understood distance
 E.g Objects, setting , body language, 3. Medium wide shots
clothing, color  Shows a group of people interaction
 ( buwaya - corrupt ) with each other
 ( red rose - romance )  whole body of character
 ( stop light)  Focuses on people or character
4. Medium shots
1. SETTING  Half body
 Time and place of the narrative.  Closer to subject than medium wide
 Can refer to the whole story or a shots
specific scene 5. Close up shots
 Can be as big as space or small as a  Occupied entire face of characters
specific room  To emphasized facial expression
6. Extreme Close Up Shots
 Shot of hand , mouth, eye or any
object in detail

2. MISE EN SCENE
 Everything within the frame CAMERA ANGLES
1. Low Angle
  Camera looks up - subject looks  is a set of universally accepted rules,
large - creates an impression of power accepted and enforced within a
 E.g Superheroes certain territory or entity.
2. Normal or straight Angle
 Focuses on changes of expression ETHICS
 Camera looks at the subject from eye  a word derived from the Latin ethikos
level
meaning “character”,
 Subject looks equal to viewer
 E.g Crying  defines how individuals prefer to
3. High Angle interact with one another (Kumar,
 Camera looks down - subject n.d.)
appears small - creates an impression  related to moral obligation of knowing
of weakness what is right and wrong
FILM TERMS ETHICS AND LAW
• Both laws and ethics are important
1. Frames aspects to sustain a stable and
 A single still picture or image harmonious society, applicable to all
walks of life and professions.
2. Shot
 The images that are filmed from the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
time the camera starts to the time it  Anything that a person creates,
stops, with no cuts designs, or invents, that can be
 FROM PLAY TO PAUSE treated as an asset or physical
property.
3. Sequence  The World Intellectual Property
 Series of shot on the same subject
Organization (WIPO) – any creation
of the minds
4. Cut
 Determine where the first scene
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ends , and second scene start
 Creates the impression of different 1. COPYRIGHT
places , same time  is the exclusive legal right of an IP
owner to reproduce, sell, or
5. Fade out- from the scene going to black distribute a material that he/she
Fade in - from black going to scene has created (WIPO, n.d)
 the scope of copyright can be
6. Pan - moves horizontally left to right,
further subdivided into two:
right to left
economic right and moral right
7. Tilt - moves vertically, up or down  ECONOMIC RIGHT- privilege of a
copyright owner to sell or gain
8. Zoom In - Tight financial benefit from his/her IP
Zoom out – Wide property.
 MORAL RIGHT - owner’s
entitlement that the IP is his/her
own original work and none could
ever claim it as theirs.

LESSON 6: Legal, Ethical and Societal

Issues in Media and Information Key Principles that form the foundation
of Copyright
ETHICAL VS. LEGAL
LAW according to Rob Aft and Charles-Edouard
Renault
  Exclusivity - If a third party wants to copyrighted, thereby warning a third
use the copyrighted work, the owner party infringement.
has the right to decided whether  Only after an IP’s copyright expires
he/she would authorize or prohibit and its owner of legal successors fail
the usage. to renew the copyright can it be
 No formalities for establishment - considered public domain.
The ownership of copyright starts Public Domain
from the time of creation and  refers to work that are not covered by
does not require any formal IP rights due to expiration or forfeiture
registration. of rights.
 Contractual Freedom - Righteous  Works under public domain are
holders can define their own terms characterized by this symbol:
and conditions in cases of
reproduction. IP: TRADEMARK
 Remuneration - Any person who • A name, word, slogan symbol, among
aims to use a copyrighted work of others, that identifies a product or an
another must provide equitable organization (WIPO, n.d.)
remuneration through monetary • Trademark is characterized by these
payment (that covers the copyright symbols:
owner’s economic right) and/or
acknowledgment (that covers the
copyright owner’s moral right).
 Territoriality - The author has the
power to decide regarding the
covered geographical scope and
license of his/her work.
 Enforcement - The holder can • A trademark registration protects the
enforce his/her rights against rights of a person or group at a
unauthorized use of his/her work. national level.
• However, The Madrid System provides
IP: COPYRIGHT a facility for IP owners to submit
 Normally, the creator of an IP is the trademark applications to many
owner of its copyright. countries at the same time.
 However, there are some points to be • In countries under the European Union
considered upon this ownership, such (EU) the trademark of materials
as employment and registered from Community
commissioning. Trademark (CTM) are covered in all
 According to Intellectual Property EU countries.
Office of Singapore (IPOS), if the IP IP: PATENT
is created by an employee pursuant to  government license given to
the terms of his/her employer, the industrial processes and inventions
employer owns the copyright of the that gives its creator an exclusive
work. Moreover, if the IP is right to use, sell, or manufacture
commissioned by another person the said IPs. (UK Copyright Service,
or group, the commissioner owns n.d)
the copyright of the work. INFRINGEMENT
 A copyright owner may use the symbol  Violation or infringement of IP
© to simply notify that his/her work is rights is subject to sanctions
 around the world. In the  production of data or results
Philippines, IP rights are protected and reporting them as true and
by RA 8293, or the Intellectual correct, or simply an invention of
Property Code of the data (Zietman, 2013)
Philippines (IP Code).
 Plagiarism and privacy FALSIFICATION
(unauthorized downloading or  manipulation of research
distribution of copyrighted materials, or modification of data
materials) are the most common to meet a certain results (Zietman,
grounds of copyright 2013)
infringement.

PLAGIARISM FALSIFICATION AND FABRICATION

According to Bambaum (n.d) • DEFAMATION – An issuance of
1. cut-paste false statement about another
copying and pasting without person or entity which causes that
citation person or entity to suffer harm
2. word-switch • SLANDER – Oral defamation
substitution of words
• LIBEL- printed defamation
3. style
substitution of your own words and
NETIQUETTE
making alterations
• is a body of conventions and
4. Metaphor and 5. idea
manners in using the internet as a
usage of metaphors and ideas of
tool for data and communication
others without proper
exchange (Tedre, Kampurri, and
acknowledgment
Kommers, 2006)

FAIR USE
 is the privilege given to users GUIDELINES IN INTERACTING IN
who wish to use copyrighted CYBERSPACE
materials with prior permission From Netiquette by Virginia Shea (1994) as
or remuneration mentioned by Richard Craig (2005)
(Hobbs, Donnelly, Braman, n.d)
 helps ensure that people have 1. Remember the Human
access to the information 2. Adhere to the same standards of
essential to them in order for them behavior online that you follow in real
to become functional and life.
knowledgeable citizens. 3. Know where you are in cyberspace
4. Respect other people’s time and
PLAGIARISM, FABRICATION, bandwidth
FALSIFICATION 5. Make yourself look good online.
PLAGIARISM
6. Share expert knowledge.
 comes from the Latin word
plagiarus which means 7. Help keep flame wars under control.
kidnapper, thus used nowadays in
the sense of intellectual theft 8. Respect other people’s privacy.
(Lapeña, 2010)
9. Do not abuse your power.

FABRICATION
SOCIETAL ISSUES
DIGITAL DIVIDE
• The gap between digitally adept
population and the non-
technological ones caused the world
to undergo DIGITAL DIVIDE.
• This may also be the gap between
the younger and the older
generations in terms of
technological use.
INTERNET ADDICTION
• is the excessive or poorly controlled
• preoccupations, urges, or CYBERCRIME
behaviors regarding computer use • Cybercrime other illegal acts that
and internet access that lead to happen within the internet like
impairment or distress. (US National hacking, cybersex, child
Library of Medicine) pornography, identity theft, online
FIVE TYPES OF INTERNET ADDICTION libel, illegal access to data, online
1. cyber sexual addiction or cyber porn piracy cybersquatting and other
2. cyber relationship addiction computer-related offenses.
3. online gambling, auctions, or
obsessive trading
4. information overload
5. computer addiction to game playing

CYBERBULLYING
• is the intimidation, oppression,
harassment and discrimination
done via information and
communications technology (ICT)
(Belsey, 2004)
• Flaming – sending angry, rude and
vulgar messages
• Harassment – repeatedly sending of
offensive messages
• Cyberstalking – harassment that
includes threats of harm
• Denigration – sending or posting
harmful, untrue, statements about a
person to other people
• Masquerade – pretending to be
someone else
• Outing and Trickery – sending or
posting material that contains
sensitive information
• Exclusion – actions that specifically
and intentionally exclude a person
from an online group