1

1 Describe two ways of caring for teeth.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

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2 ...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 A balanced diet is needed to maintain health.

List two nutrient groups, other than fat, in a balanced diet and outline their dietary importance.

nutrient 1...................................................................................................................................

importance 1 ............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

nutrient 2 ..................................................................................................................................

importance 2 ............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

3 Pregnant females have a larger daily energy requirement than females who are not pregnant.

Suggest why.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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4 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

The boxes on the left show three letters from the diagram that identify three different organs.

The boxes in the middle show the names of some of the organs in the diagram.

The boxes on the right show some functions of organs.

Draw three lines to link each letter to the name of the organ the letter identifies in the diagram.

Draw three more lines to link these organs to a correct function. Draw a total of six lines.

letter from
name of the organ function
diagram

anus absorption

ileum assimilation

mouth egestion

pancreas ingestion

[6]

[Total: 6]
 3

5 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

State the letter in the diagram that identifies the liver and outline one function of the liver.

letter in diagram .......................................................................................................................

function ....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 4

6 The diagram shows a villus. The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow.

Describe the structure of a villus and its role in the alimentary canal.

Use the letters in the diagram to support your answer

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.................................................................................................................................................. [6]

[Total: 6]
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7 Complete the table to show the names, functions and sites of action of the three different digestive
enzymes.

name of enzyme function site of action

pepsin

trypsin

breaks down maltose to glucose

[3]

[Total: 3]

8 Describe the dietary importance of fats, carbohydrates and proteins in the human diet.

fats ...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

carbohydrates ..........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

proteins ....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 6

9 The boxes on the left contain the names of components of the diet.

The boxes on the right contain the functions of these components in the body.

Draw one straight line to link each component of the diet to its correct function.

Draw four lines.

component of the diet function

calcium ions bone formation

fat growth of muscles

protein insulation

vitamin D

[4]

[Total: 4]

10 Many types of enzymes are involved in digestion.

State the names of two digestive enzymes in the human alimentary canal.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
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[Total: 2]

11 State the effect of increasing humidity on the rate of transpiration.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

12 The photograph shows a plant.

Draw two arrows on the photograph to show the direction of movement of water into and out of the
plant. [2]

[Total: 2]

13 Complete the definition of the term transpiration.

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves by

.............................................. of water at the surfaces of ..............................................

cells, followed by diffusion of water vapour through the .............................................. . [3]

[Total: 3]
 8

14 Glasshouses are designed to maximise crop plant yield.

Additional lighting is often installed in glasshouses in countries with temperate climates.

Some types of lamp release a lot of heat.

Explain the possible effects of excessive heat on the plants in a glasshouse.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 9

15 One purpose of seed banks is to reintroduce plant species into their natural environment.

A survey was done to find out why some reintroduction programmes are not successful.

The graph shows the results of the survey.

40

35

30

percentage of 25
species that
were not 20
successfully
reintroduced 15

10

0
reason wrong changing seeds did seedlings too few wrong
unknown habitat habitat not too young individuals season
germinate

reasons why reintroductions failed

Some reintroduction programmes failed because the seedlings were too young. Young seedlings
only have a few small roots.

Explain why it would be important to reintroduce plants with many large roots.

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[Total: 4]
 10

16 Some students set up the apparatus shown in the diagram to compare transpiration in two sets of
leaves.

Set A was kept in a transparent bag and set B was left in the open air.

All other conditions were kept constant.

The mass of the leaves in each set was measured at the start of the investigation and after five
hours.

string line paper clip

clamp stand

transparent bag

set A

set B

Explain how transpiration occurred in the leaves shown in the diagram.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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17 Xylem is a specialised plant tissue.

State two functions of xylem tissue.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

18 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.

Structure C in the photomicrograph is part of the transport system in the leaf.

State the names of two tissues that structure C contains.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

19 State the name of the process that describes the transport of sucrose in a plant.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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20 Sexual reproduction requires energy.

State three uses of energy in organisms other than in reproduction.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

21 Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.

Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

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[Total: 4]
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22 The movement of sucrose in plants can be modelled using laboratory apparatus.

Diagram A shows the apparatus used to model the movement of sucrose in a plant:

• Partially permeable bags were attached tightly to the ends of tube Q.

• The bag representing a source was filled with a coloured sucrose solution.
• The bag representing a sink was filled with water.
• The containers and tube Q and tube S were filled with water.

diagram A

Diagram B shows the position of the coloured sucrose solution 30 minutes after the apparatus was
set up.

The arrows show the direction of the movement of the liquids.

diagram B

State the name of the tissue represented by tube Q and the name of the tissue represented by
tube S in diagram B.

Q ..............................................................................................................................................
 14

S ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

23 The diagram shows drawings of sections through a root, a stem and part of a leaf in a dicotyledonous
plant.

Identify and label with the letter W, the position of the water transport tissue in each of the root, the
stem and the leaf, on the diagram. [3]
 15

[Total: 3]

24 The table below shows the composition of blood plasma.

component concentration in the plasma

-3
adrenaline / ng dm 10 — 100
-3
fibrinogen / g dm 1.7 — 4.0
-3
glucose / mg dm 700 — 1000
-3
hydrogencarbonate ions / g dm 1.1 — 1.4
-3
insulin / µg dm 0.33 — 0.40
-3
lactic acid / mg dm 50 — 200
-3
sodium ions / g dm 3.1 — 3.4
-3
urea / mg dm 70 — 200

(a) Using the information in the table, name:

(i) an excretory product

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) a plasma protein.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) (i) State what would cause the lactic acid concentration in the blood to increase to
-3
200 mg dm .

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the function of fibrinogen.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
-3
(iii) State two effects that a concentration of adrenaline of 100 ng dm might have on the
body.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
 16

-3
(c) The table shows that the glucose concentration varies between 700 and 1000 mg dm .

Describe the role of the liver in regulating the concentration of glucose in the body.

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........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
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25 The photomicrograph shows human blood.

Describe the differences in appearance and the roles of the three cells labelled in the
photomicrograph.

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[Total: 6]
 18

26 The graph shows the average body mass and the average heart rate of nine mammals.

450
rat

400

350

guinea
pig
300

250

rabbit
average heart rate /
200
beats per min

cat
150

100 dog
human

buffalo
50 rhinoceros
elephant

0
0.2 0.3 1.0 1.5 5.0 60 1300 3000 5000
average body mass / kg

(a) (i) Name the mammal that has an average body mass of 1300 kg.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the average heart rate of a guinea pig.

........................... beats per minute [1]

(iii) Name the mammal that has an average heart rate of 30 beats per minute.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Calculate how many times faster the heart of a rabbit beats than that of a buffalo.

Show your working.

........................... [2]

(b) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average heart rate, shown in the
graph.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]
 19

27 A diagram of a mammalian heart and associated blood vessels is shown.

The table contains statements about the structures visible in the diagram.

Complete the table by:

• stating the name of each structure

• identifying the structure with the corresponding letter from the diagram.

statement name of structure letter from diagram

chamber that creates the highest

blood pressure

blood vessel containing blood with

the highest concentration of oxygen

structure that prevents blood going

from ventricle to atrium
 20

structure that prevents backflow of

blood from artery to ventricle

chamber that receives blood from

vena cava

[5]

[Total: 5]

28 The human circulatory system contains blood vessels.

The diagram shows some names of blood vessels and organs.

The boxes on the left show the names of some blood vessels that deliver blood to organs.

The boxes on the right show the names of some organs that receive blood.

Draw straight lines from each blood vessel to the organ that it delivers blood to.

Draw four straight lines.

blood vessel that delivers

blood organ receiving blood

pulmonary artery

heart

pulmonary vein

kidney

renal artery

lungs

vena cava

[4]

[Total: 4]
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29 The diagram is of a human heart.

Use label lines and labels to identify these structures on the diagram:

• atrium

• septum

• ventricle

• valve [4]

[Total: 4]
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30 The boxes on the left describe processes carried out by cells.

The boxes on the right contain the names of the cells that carry out these processes.

Draw one straight line from each box on the left to a box on the right to link the process to the cell
type.

Draw six lines.

An example has been done for you.

[6]

[Total: 6]
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31 The table shows some statements about arteries, capillaries and veins.

Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show which statements are correct for arteries, capillaries and veins.

One has been done for you.

statements aretries capillaries veins

carry blood away from the heart ✓

supply cells with nutrients and

remove waste products

return blood to the heart

have a thick wall containing muscle

and elastic tissue

have a thin wall containing muscle

and elastic tissue

have a very thin wall with no muscle

or elastic tissue

[5]

[Total: 5]
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32 Many health specialists think that the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by doing regular
exercise.

A long-term study of a large group of women was used to test this hypothesis. The women were
between 35 and 45 years old at the start of the study. Every two years the same group of women
were asked how much they were exercising.

After 28 years the researchers analysed their data:

• They calculated the average time spent exercising per week by each woman.

• They put the women into categories determined by how much exercise they had done.

• For each category, they calculated the number of women who died from coronary heart disease
(CHD).

The results are shown in the graph.

 25

Health professionals wanted to use the results of this study to encourage the whole population to
take more exercise.

Discuss the arguments for and against health professionals using this study in this way.

Use the information about how the study was designed and the results in the graph in your
arguments.

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[Total: 5]

33 Lymphocytes and phagocytes are white blood cells.

A woman had some blood tests taken before and during a bacterial infection.

The table below shows the number of white blood cells in the two blood samples.

3
mean number of cells per mm of blood
white blood cells
before infection during infection

lymphocytes 1300 3500

phagocytes 2000 7500

 26

(a) Calculate the percentage increase in lymphocytes that occurred during the bacterial infection.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.

Answer ........................... % [2]

(b) Describe the role of phagocytes in defence against disease.

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........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

34 The diagrams below show sections of a villus.

The diagram on the left shows a longitudinal section of a villus.

The diagram on the right shows a cross-section of the same villus at V - W.

The diagrams are not drawn to the same scale.

 27

V W

microvilli
S
cell T

(a) (i) Name structures P, Q and R.

P .............................................................................................................................

Q.............................................................................................................................

R ............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) Cell T is an example of the cells that form the surface of the villi.

Explain why there are many microvilli on cell T.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

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................................................................................................................................ [2]
 28

(iii) Some of the cells on the surface of the villi secrete mucus for protection.

Suggest what the villi need to be protected against.

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................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]
 29

35 The diagram shows the alimentary canal and associated organs.

State the letter from the diagram that identifies the part where:

alcohol is broken down ..............................................

egestion occurs ..............................................

hydrochloric acid is produced ..............................................

mechanical digestion occurs ..............................................

salivary amylase is produced ..............................................

the most absorption occurs. .............................................. [6]

[Total: 6]