Chart of Accounts Adaptation for Different Organizations
The chart of accounts must be tailored to an organization's specific needs.
Discuss how the chart of accounts for the following organizations would differ from the one
presented for S&S in Table 2-2.
a. university
b. bank
c. government unit (city or state)
d. manufacturing company
e. expansion of S&S to a chain of two stores
a. University
- Revenue: Tuition Fees, Grants, Donations, Endowments
- Expenses: Academic Departments, Research, Scholarships
- Assets: Library Collections, Campus Buildings
- Liabilities: Deferred Revenue (prepaid tuition)
- Equity: Restricted and Unrestricted Funds
b. Bank
- Assets: Loans Receivable, Investments, Cash Reserves
- Liabilities: Customer Deposits, CDs, Borrowings
- Revenue: Interest Income, Loan Fees
- Expenses: Loan Loss Provisions, Regulatory Fees
c. Government Unit (City or State)
- Funds-based accounting per fund (General, Capital Projects)
- Revenue: Taxes, Grants, Fines
- Expenses: Public Safety, Infrastructure, Health
- No Equity, but Fund Balances per GASB standards
d. Manufacturing Company
- Inventory: Raw Materials, WIP, Finished Goods
- COGS & Overhead: Direct/Indirect Labor, Materials
- Assets: Plants, Equipment
- Department-wise expenses (R&D, QC, etc.)
e. Expansion of S&S
- Separate accounts per store location (e.g., Sales Store 1)
- Centralized vs. store-level expenses
- Inter-store inventory transfers
- Segment reporting for store performance
Example Chart of Accounts for Each Organization
University
Account Code Account Name
100 Cash in Bank
120 Student Accounts Receivable
140 Grants Receivable
210 Accounts Payable
240 Deferred Tuition Revenue
310 Net Assets Unrestricted
410 Tuition and Fees Revenue
510 Faculty Salaries
Bank
Account Code Account Name
100 Cash and Cash Equivalents
150 Loans to Customers
210 Customer Deposits
410 Interest Income Loans
510 Interest Expense Deposits
Government Unit
Account Code Account Name
100 Cash General Fund
110 Property Tax Receivable
210 Accounts Payable
310 Fund Balance General Fund
410 Property Tax Revenue
510 Public Safety Police
Manufacturing Company
Account Code Account Name
100 Cash
130 Raw Materials Inventory
135 Work-in-Progress Inventory
140 Finished Goods Inventory
510 Direct Materials
530 Factory Overhead
S&S Expanded
Account Code Account Name
101 Cash Store 1
102 Cash Store 2
120 Inventory Store 1
121 Inventory Store 2
410 Sales Revenue Store 1
411 Sales Revenue Store 2