MACHINE DESIGN LABORATORY(ME205) REPORT EXPERIMENT NO -9 EXPERIMENT TOPIC - Cam analysis report SUBMITTED BY — JASNOOR KAUR ENTRY NO - 2023MEB1351 GROUP NO -FR-D SUPERVISED BY - Dr. Prabhat K. Agnihotri EXPERIMENT PERFORMED ON - 11/04/2025 REPORT SUBMITTED ON — 16/04/2025Table of contents: Introduction. Objective Apparatus needed Equipment specifications Theory related to experiment Observations and calculations Result comparison with theory Conclusion and discussion Additional information References Introduction Cam analysis tests are conducted to study the motion of cam-follower mechanisms, focusing on displacement, velocity, and acceleration. This helps evaluate the cam profile’s performance in converting rotary motion to linear motion. The test identifies issues like valve flutter and ensures proper timing, making it essential for optimizing cam design in engines and automated systems. The GL 112 isa training device used for the dynamic analysis of cam mechanisms, particularly in valve actuation systems. It is primarily designed for educational purposes, allowing users to observe and study cam motion and related phenomena such as valve flutter. The machine offers adjustable settings to simulate various conditions and provides accurate visual and recorded data for analysis. Its open design makes it ideal for demonstrations and technical training, though it is not suitable for continuous or industrial testing.Objectiv To observe the cam profile for different conditions of cam , follower , spring, load and rpm. Apparatus needed: ¢ GL 112 - cam analysis apparatus « Non contact digital tachometer ¢ Tracing paper ¢ Cutter Equipment specifications: 1, GL 112 cam analysis apparatus: Fig.1 * Drive Motor — Powers the cam mechanism to simulate real-time motion. * Recording Drum ~ Rotates to record the cam follower movement ‘* Recording Pen — Marks the follower's motion onto the drum for analysis. * Dis Weights ~ Apply load to simulate valve operation, * Probe for the Recording ~ Transfers motion from the tappet to the pen. « Emergency-Stop Button — Halts the machine instantly for safety.Speed Sensor ~ Measures and displays the rotational speed. Centrifugal Mass ~ Simulates inertia effects during motion. Belt Drive for Recording Drum — Transmits power to rotate the recording drum. Spring — Simulates valve return force and affects follower motion. Tappet — Transfers cam motion to the probe. Spacing Discs for Spring Pre-compression ~ Adjust Spring preload. « Interchangeable Pick-up (Flat/Cylindrical) ~ Measures motion based on cam-follower contact. * Interchangeable Cam — Different profiles for studying various cam actions. igital laser tachomete: A digital laser non-contact tachometer is a device used to measure the rotational speed (RPM) of a moving object without physical contact. It uses a laser beam aimed at a reflective mark on the rotating surface. The reflected light is detected by a sensor, and the device calculates and displays the speed digitally, offering accurate and safe measurements. Fig.2Theory related to experiment In this experiment we will study formation of camp profiles for different conditions such as mentioned below: © Cam: tangent / hollow © Follower : roller / flat © Spring : hard / soft Load : with load / without load © Rpm : 150/250 Cam drives convert rotary motion into oscillating motion and are essential in applications like engine valve control. They allow precise timing and speed variations for valve operations. Ideal cam design aims for smooth, jolt-free motion, minimizing stress on components. However, compromises are often needed to balance acceleration, retardation, and ease of manufacturing using simple geometric shapes. Tangent cam: A tangent cam features straight flanks that are tangential to both the base and nose circles. It’s typically used where the roller contacts the straight flank, commonly in internal combustion engines for valve operation. There are two contact scenarios: one where the roller touches the straight flank and another where it engages with the cam’s nose. Hollow cam: A hollow cam is a mechanical component used in cam systems to convert rotary motion into linear motion. It features a hollowed-out center, allowing for a lighter design and facilitating easier integration with other components. Hollow cams are often used in applications requiring compactness and efficiency, such as in automotive engines or automated machinery.Observations: ‘Cam profile sno [Rpm [Cam | follower | spring | Load 1 [150 [tangent [Roller [Hard | No 2 [250 | tangent | Roller | Hard | No 3 [50 | tangent | Roller [Hard | Yes 4 [250 | tangent | Roller [hard | Yes 3 [150 | tangent | Roller [soft | No 6 | 250 | tangent | Roller | soft | No7 [150 [tangent | Roller [soft | Yes 8 [250 | tangent | Roller [soft | Yes 9 [150 | tangent | Fiat [soft | No 10 [250 [tangent | Fiat | soft | No a1 [150 [tangent | Fiat | soft | Yes 12 [250 [tangent | Flat | soft | Yes13 [150 [tangent | Flat | Hard | No 14 [250 [tangent | Flat | Hard | No 15 [150 [tangent [Flat | Hard | Yes 16 [250 [tangent | Flat | hard | Yes 17 [150 [Hollow | Flat | Hard | No 18 [250 [Hollow | Flat | Hard | No19] 150 | Hollow | Flat Hard | Yes 20 | 250 | Hollow | Fiat hard | Yes 21 [150 [Hollow | Flat | soft | No 22 | 250 | Hollow | Flat soft | No 23 | 150 [Hollow | Flat soft | Yes 24 | 250 | Hollow | Flat soft | Yes25 [150 [Hollow | Roller soft | No 26 | 250 [Hollow | Roller soft | No 27-150 | Hollow | Roller | soft | Yes 28 | 250 | Hollow | Roller | soft | Yes 29 | 150 | Hollow | Roller | Hard | No30 [250 | Hollow | Roller | Hard | No 31 | 150 | Hollow | Roller | Hard | Yes 32 | 250 | Hollow | Roller | hard | YesComparison with theory: Tangent cam with roller Hollow cam with roller A cam profile for a tangent cam with roller features straight flanks and a circular nose, providing smooth motion with minimal wear. In a hollow cam with roller, the profile is designed to accommodate a hollow center, reducing weight while maintaining precise motion transfer. Both profiles ensure efficient contact and accurate follower displacement in mechanical systems. tangent cam with flat tappet Hollow cam with flat tappet The cam profile of a tangent cam with a flat tappet includes straight flanks and a smooth nose, ensuring direct contact and consistent motion. In a hollow cam with a flat tappet, the profile is adapted for reduced mass and space-saving, while maintaining accurate lift and timing. Both profiles offer reliable performance in compact mechanical systems.Conclusion and discussion: The performance of a cam-follower mechanism relies on several key factors, including cam design, follower type, load, spring stiffness, and speed. Optimizing these parameters is crucial to minimize vibrations, wear, and impact stresses, ensuring smooth operation. Effective design and maintenance also involve selecting suitable materials and lubrication to reduce friction and wear, ultimately enhancing the mechanism's efficiency, reliability, and lifespan. By fine-tuning these elements, manufacturers can create more durable and high-performance cam-follower systems. Additional information: Cam mechanisms can convert rotary motion into almost any desired follower motion, making them highly versatile in mechanical design. © Flat tappet followers slide instead of roll, which increases contact area but also requires better lubrication to reduce wear. References: . Wikipedia . Manual . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314715805_Analytic_Analysis_ of_a_Cam_Mechanism