cover

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
 Table of Contents
AGRICULTURE.............................................................................................................................. 4
1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN).........................................................4
2. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)..................................................................5
3. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)...............................................................................6
4. Pradhan Mantri Dhan - Dhaanya Krishi Yojana.............................................................. 7
5. National Livestock Mission.............................................................................................7
6. Rashtriya Gokul Mission.................................................................................................9
7. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).................................................... 10
8. Pradhan Mantri Programme For Restoration, Awareness Generation, Nourishment
And Amelioration Of Mother - Earth (PM-PRANAM)........................................................ 11
9. Kisan Credit Card (KCC)............................................................................................... 11
10. Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Scheme..................................................................... 12
11. PM Kisan Sampada Yojana........................................................................................ 14
12. PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana....................................................................................... 15
13. Soil Health Card..........................................................................................................16
EDUCATION................................................................................................................................ 18
1. Samagra Shiksha..........................................................................................................18
2. PM-SHRI (PM Schools For Rising India)...................................................................... 19
3. New India Literacy Programme (NILP)..........................................................................20
4. Skill India Programme...................................................................................................21
5. PM-USHA (Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan)............................................ 22
HEALTH....................................................................................................................................... 25
1. Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jan Aushadi Pariyojana (PMBJP)........................................25
2. Assistance To Medical Device Clusters For Common Facilities Scheme (AMD-CF)
Scheme............................................................................................................................ 26
3. GARBH - Ini Programme.............................................................................................. 26
4. Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana................................................ 27
5. Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (ABHIM)............................................28
6. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission - Microsite Project.................................................. 29
7. Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojana (TBSJ).......................................................................... 30
8. Saksham Learning Management Information System (LMIS)...................................... 31
9. Tele-Manas Initiative.....................................................................................................32
POVERTY AND HUNGER........................................................................................................... 35
1. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana.................................................................. 35
VULNERABLE SECTION............................................................................................................ 38
2. Mission Shakti: An Integrated Women Empowerment Programme............................. 38
.

1
 3. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP).................................................................................39
4. Saksham Anganwadi - Mission Poshan 2.0................................................................. 40
5. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan Dhan (PM-SYM)..................................................... 41
6. Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)............................................................42
7. Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)............................................................43
8. Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY)................................................... 43
9. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) 2.0..................................................................45
10. Mission Vatsalya......................................................................................................... 45
11. Stand-Up India Scheme............................................................................................. 47
12. Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY).........................................................48
13. Bharatmala Pariyojana................................................................................................49
14. SMILE (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise)............. 49
FINANCE..................................................................................................................................... 53
1. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).................................................................. 53
2. Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA)..................................... 54
3. Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana...........................................................................................55
4. Mahila Samman Savings Certificate.............................................................................56
5. E-Appeals Scheme.......................................................................................................56
6. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme...................................................................57
7. Startup India................................................................................................................. 58
8. Startup Accelerator of MeitY for Product Innovation, Development, and Growth
(SAMRIDH)........................................................................................................................59
9. Sagarmala Yojana.........................................................................................................60
RURAL DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................63
1. Bharatnet Scheme.......................................................................................................63
2. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) , 2005..... 64
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY)..............................................................65
4. Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) - Phase Ii.............................................................. 66
5. Gramodyog Vikas Yojana (Gvy).................................................................................... 67
6. Swamitva Scheme (Survey Of Villages Abadi And Mapping With Improvised
Technology In Village Areas).............................................................................................68
URBAN DEVLOPMENT...............................................................................................................71
1. Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN)/Regional Connectivity (RCS) Scheme.................71
2. Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme (EMPS)............................................................... 72
3. Smart Cities Mission.....................................................................................................73
4. CITIIS 2.0 (City Investments To Innovate, Integrate And Sustain 2.0).......................... 73
5. Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - Urban (National Urban Livelihood Mission).............. 74
6. PM SVANIDHI Scheme (Pm Street Vendor's Atma Nirbhar Nidhi)............................... 75
.

2
 7. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U).......................................................... 76
ENVIRONMENT...........................................................................................................................79
1. PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana................................................................................. 79
2. Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)........................................................................79
3. Namami Ganga Yojana................................................................................................. 80
4. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM - KUSUM)
Scheme............................................................................................................................ 82
5. Aquifer Mapping And Management Programme (NAQUIM).........................................83
6. Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal).......................................................................................... 84
7. Jal Jeevan Mission - Har Ghar Jal................................................................................84
8. Environmental Information Awareness Capacity Building And Livelihood Programme
(EIACP)..............................................................................................................................85
MISCELLANEOUS...................................................................................................................... 88
1. PM Vishwakarma Scheme............................................................................................88
2. RAMP Programme........................................................................................................89
3. National Programme For Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) - Mission
Karmayogi........................................................................................................................ 90
4. Mission On Advanced And High-Impact Research (MAHIR)....................................... 91
5. Acing Development Of Innovative Technologies With Idex (ADITI) Scheme................ 92
6. Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADs)...........................93
7. Project Dantak.............................................................................................................. 94
8. Bharat Emart.................................................................................................................94
9. Sanchar Saathi Portal................................................................................................... 95
10. Digital India Programme............................................................................................. 96
11. Production Linked Incentive 2.0 For It Hardware....................................................... 97
12. Cyber Surakshit Bharat (CSB).................................................................................... 98
13. Prithvi Vigyan (Prithavi)............................................................................................... 98
14. Parvatmala Pariyojana (National Ropeways Development Mission).......................... 99
15. Supreme Programme (Support For Up-Gradation Preventive Repair & Maintenance
Of Equipment).................................................................................................................100
16. Vaishvik Bhartiya Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) Fellowship...................................................100
17. PM-MITRA (PM Mega Integrated Textile Sector And Apparel).................................101
18. Samrath Scheme...................................................................................................... 102
19. Indian Handmade Portal...........................................................................................103
20. Mission For Cotton Productivity............................................................................... 103
21. Agnipath Scheme..................................................................................................... 104
22. PM Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME).........................105

3
AGRICULTURE

1.​ Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN)

Objective: To support farmers financially for crop inputs and protect them from
moneylenders, ensuring sustainable farming.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Type: Central Sector scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Initially for small & marginal farmers; expanded to all land-owning farmers now.

●​ Income Support: ₹6,000 per year in three equal installments for landholding
farmer families.
●​ Definition of Family: Husband, wife, and minor children.
●​ Beneficiary Identification: State/UT governments identify eligible farmer
families as per guidelines.

4
 ●​ Direct Transfer: Funds are directly transferred to beneficiaries' bank accounts.

2.​ Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)

Objectives:
1.​ To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in
the event of failure of any of the notified crops as a result of natural
calamities, pests & diseases.
2.​ To stabilize the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming.
3.​ To encourage farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural
practices.
4.​ To ensure the flow of credit to the agriculture sector.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
●​ Eligibility: Farmers including sharecroppers and tenant farmers growing
notified crops in the notified areas are eligible for coverage.

●​ The scheme was once mandatory for loanee farmers, but in 2020, the Centre
changed it to make it optional for all farmers.
●​ Recently launched National Crop Insurance Portal’s digitized claim settlement
module namely Digiclaim under the ambit of PMFBY.

5
3.​ Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)

Objective: To mobilize a medium-to-long-term debt Financing facility for

investment in viable projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure and
community farming assets.

Ministry : Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ AIF was launched as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India
Campaign) announced by the Centre.
●​ Beneficiaries: Farmers, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS), Farmer
Producers Organisations (FPOs), Self Help Groups (SHG), State
Agencies/APMCs .
●​ Financial assistance:
1.​ Provision of Rs. 1 Lakh Crore by banks and financial institutions as loans
with interest subvention of 3% per annum.
2.​ Credit guarantee coverage under Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro
and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) for loans up to Rs. 2 Crores.
●​ Eligible community assets project:
1.​ Projects identified for providing supply chain infrastructure for clusters of
crops including export clusters.
2.​ Projects promoted by Central/State/Local Governments or their
agencies under PPP.
3.​ Organic inputs production;
4.​ Bio stimulant production units;
5.​ Infrastructure for smart and precision agriculture.
●​ Management and monitoring: Through an online Management Information
System (MIS) platform.
●​ Banks Heralding Accelerated Rural & Agriculture Transformation
(BHARAT): To provide maximum benefits to the people and create a
competitive spirit among the Banks and lending institutions to mobilize
agriculture infrastructure projects loan at a faster pace.

6
4.​ Pradhan Mantri Dhan - Dhaanya Krishi Yojana

Objective: Union Budget 2025 introduced the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana for
developing agri districts Programme.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Salient Features:
●​ Motivated by the success of the Aspirational Districts Programme, our
Government will undertake a ‘Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana’ in
partnership with states.

●​ Through the convergence of existing schemes and specialized measures, the

programme will cover 100 districts with low productivity, moderate crop intensity
and below-average credit parameters.
●​ This programme is likely to help 1.7 crore farmers.

7
5.​ National Livestock Mission

Objective: Sustainable development in the livestock sector by focusing on improving

the availability of quality feed and fodder.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (Department of Animal

Husbandry and Dairying)
Salient Features:
●​ To enhance both the quantity and quality of livestock production systems.
●​ Additionally, it seeks to improve the capabilities of all stakeholders involved.
●​ Sub-missions:
1.​ Sub-Mission on Breed improvement of Livestock and Poultry
2.​ Sub-Mission of Feed & Fodder
3.​ Sub-Mission on Innovation and Extension.
●​ The realigned NLM comprises 10 activities aimed at fostering entrepreneurship
development, improving feed and fodder, promoting research and innovation,
and enhancing livestock insurance.
●​ Additional activities included in mission:
1.​ Entrepreneurship in conservation of horse, donkey, mule, camel.[
50% capital subsidy up to Rs. 50 lakhs].
2.​ Fodder seed processing Infrastructure[ 50% capital subsidy up to Rs.
50 lakhs]
3.​ Fodder cultivation: Cultivating fodder in non-forest lands, wastelands,
range lands, non-arable areas, and degraded forest lands.
4.​ Livestock Insurance programme
○​ Simplification of premium: 15% from current rates of 20%,
30%, 40%, and 50%.
○​ Sharing: by the Centre and the State at 60:40 for all states,
90:10 for certain regions.
○​ The number of animals to be insured: increased to 10 cattle
units instead of 5 units for cattle, sheep, and goats.

8
6.​ Rashtriya Gokul Mission

Objective:
1.​ To enhance productivity of bovines and increase milk production in a
sustainable manner using advanced technologies.
2.​ To propagate use of high genetic merit bulls for breeding purposes.
3.​ To enhance Artificial insemination coverage through strengthening
breeding network and delivery of Artificial insemination services at farmers
doorstep.
4.​ To promote indigenous cattle & buffalo rearing and conservation in a
scientific and holistic manner.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare(Department of Animal

Husbandry and Dairying)
Salient Features:

●​ This scheme has been implemented since December 2014 for development
and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds.
●​ With almost a decade into Rashtriya Gokul Mission, it is found that instead of
improving the quality of all the indigenous breeds, as envisioned under the
scheme, it has ended up promoting only one indigenous variety, the Gir cow,
across the country.

9
Conclusion: Notably, this program holds significant advantages for women, as they
contribute to over 70% of the labor involved in livestock farming.

7.​ Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

Objective: A scheme to bring about the Blue Revolution through sustainable and
responsible development of the fisheries sector in India.

Ministry: Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme and Central Sector Scheme (Two
Components).
Salient Features:
●​ The scheme focuses on enhancing fish production, quality, technology,
post-harvest infrastructure, and value chain modernization.
●​ improve traceability: establish a strong fisheries management framework, and
ensure fishers’ welfare.
●​ It will be implemented as an umbrella scheme having both Central Sector
Components and Centrally Sponsored Scheme Components.
●​ It would focus on all round development of the Fisheries sector through a
bunch of diverse interventions along the fisheries value chain right from
production to consumption.

Key Themes of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

●​ Harnessing of fisheries potential in a sustainable, responsible, inclusive and
equitable manner
●​ Enhancing of fish production and productivity through expansion,
intensification, diversification and productive utilization of land and water
●​ Modernizing and strengthening of value chain - post-harvest management and
quality improvement
●​ Doubling fishers and fish farmers incomes and generation of employment
●​ Enhancing contribution to Agriculture GVA and exports
●​ Social, physical and economic security for fishers and fish farmers
●​ Robust fisheries management and regulatory framework

10
8.​ Pradhan Mantri Programme For Restoration, Awareness
Generation, Nourishment And Amelioration Of Mother - Earth
(PM-PRANAM)

Objective: To incentivize States/ UTs to promote alternate fertilizers and balanced

use of chemical fertilizers.

Ministry: Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers.

Salient Features:
●​ The scheme aims to curb the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides in agriculture over a three-year tenure (FY 2023-24 to FY 2025-26).
●​ States/UTs will receive 50% of the fertilizer subsidy saved in a financial year as
a grant if they reduce chemical fertilizer (Urea, DAP, NPK, MOP) consumption
below the previous three years' average.

9.​ Kisan Credit Card (KCC)

Objective: The Kisan Credit Card scheme aims at providing adequate and timely
credit support from the banking system under a single window with flexible and
simplified procedures to the farmers for their cultivation and other needs as indicated
below:
1.​ To meet the short-term credit requirement for the cultivation of crops.
2.​ Post-harvest expenses.
3.​ Consumption requirements of farmer households.
4.​ Working Capital for maintenance of farm assets and activities allied to
agriculture.
5.​ Investment credit requirement for agriculture and allied activities.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Implementation: KCC is being implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and
Farmers' Welfare, in association with NABARD & MANAGE (National Institute of
Agricultural Extension Management).

11
Salient Feature:
●​ Eligibility
○​ Farmers - individual/Joint borrowers who are owner cultivators;
○​ Tenant Farmers, oral lessees & share croppers;
○​ Self-help Groups(SHGs) or Joint Liability Groups(JLGs) of farmers
including tenant farmers, share croppers etc.
●​ The scheme comes with an ATM-enabled RuPay debit card with facilities for
one-time documentation, and any number of withdrawals within the given
limit.
●​ KCC scheme was expanded in 2019 to include animal husbandry, dairying,
and fisheries. Banks can provide collateral-free loans up to ₹1.60 lakh,
ensuring financial security and fostering growth in these allied fields.
●​ In Union Budget 2025, Finance Minister announced an increase in the Kisan
Credit Card limit from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh to enhance credit access for farmers.
●​ Understanding Short-Term Loans: The Modified Interest Subvention Scheme
(MISS) provides concessional short-term agri-loans at 7% interest for loans up
to ₹3 lakh, with a 3% subvention for timely repayment, reducing it to 4%. It also
covers post-harvest loans against NWRs for small farmers with KCCs.
●​ Ensuring Transparency: The Kisan Rin Portal (KRP) streamlines the MISS-KCC
scheme by digitizing Interest Subvention (IS) and Prompt Repayment Incentive
(PRI) claims, eliminating manual delays. This ensures faster, seamless
transactions, benefiting farmers and lenders.

10.​ Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Scheme

Objective: The main objectives of the Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Scheme are:
●​ To promote balanced use of fertilizers.
●​ Improve the timely availability of fertilizers to farmers at affordable prices.
●​ To encourage competition among fertilizer companies.
●​ Encourage the introduction of new and innovative fertilizers.
●​ Rationalize fertilizer subsidy

Ministry: Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers

Type: Central Sector Scheme

12
Salient Feature:
The key components of the NBS scheme are as under:
●​ Nutrient-Based Subsidy: Provided based on actual nutrients contained in the
fertilizers (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulphur) to encourage the use
of fertilizers specific to the nutrient requirements of the soil and crops.
●​ Timely availability at affordable price: Subsidized fertilizers to farmers by
making them timely available and at affordable prices.
Under the NBS Scheme, a fixed rate of subsidy (in Rs. per Kg basis) is announced
on nutrients namely Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P), Potash (K), and Sulphur (S) by the
Government on an annual/ bi-annual basis. The per Kg subsidy rates on the nutrients
N, P, K, and S are converted into per tonne subsidies on the various P&K fertilizers
covered under the NBS Policy.

To ensure the smooth availability of P&K fertilizers at affordable rates, the government
takes the following measures:

●​ Assessing fertilizer requirements for upcoming seasons and ensuring timely

availability.
●​ Monitoring MRPs/Sale prices via the Integrated Fertilizer Management
System (iFMS) portal.
●​ Allowing fertilizer companies to expand capacity and introduce new P&K
products under the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) scheme.
●​ Boosting indigenous production by notifying Potash Derived from Molasses
(PDM) under NBS.
●​ Providing freight subsidies on Single Super Phosphate (SSP) to promote
Phosphatic nutrient use.
●​ Exempting Ortho-phosphoric Acid from Quality Control Order (QCO)
standards to ease raw material availability for domestic production.

11.​ PM Kisan Sampada Yojana

Objective: PMKSY (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing and Development of

Agro-Processing Clusters) is a comprehensive package of component schemes,
aimed at creation of modern infrastructure with efficient supply chain management
from farm gate to retail outlet.

13
Ministry: Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MoFPI)
Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Feature:
Component schemes of PMKSY:
●​ Mega Food Parks (discontinued w.e.f. 01.04.2021),
●​ Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure,
●​ Creation of Infrastructure for Agro Processing Clusters,
●​ Creation/Expansion of Food Processing and Preservation Capacities,
●​ Creation of Backward and Forward Linkages (discontinued w.e.f. 01.04.2021)
and
●​ Operation Greens,
●​ Financial support in the form of grants-in-aid/ subsidy is provided for setting up
of food processing projects to encourage investments in both on-farm and
off-farm preservation and processing infrastructure across the country.

Operation Greens:
●​ The objective of the Scheme is to protect the growers of Eligible Crops from
making distress sales and to reduce post-harvest losses.
●​ It has a two-pronged strategy of
1.​ price stabilization measures (short-term measures) and
2.​ integrated value chain development projects (long-term measures).
●​ No state-wise allocation of funds is made under component schemes of
PMKSY for setting up food processing projects. PMKSY is demand-driven
driven and it is not state, district, region, or crop-specific.

12.​ PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana

Objective: Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been formulated
with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and
improving water use efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with end to
end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and
extension activities.

14
Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Salient Feature:
●​ Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level
(preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use
plans).
●​ Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme(AIBP): To focus on faster
completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects.
●​ Har Khet ko pani: Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and
expand cultivable area under assured irrigation
●​ More crop per drop: Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other
water saving technologies.
●​ Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation
practices.
●​ Watershed approach: Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas
using the watershed approach towards soil and water conservation,
regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and
other NRM activities.
●​ Converging with MGNREGS for creation of water source to full potential in
identified backward rainfed blocks including renovation of traditional water
bodies
●​ Implementation: District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the cornerstone for
planning and implementation.
●​ Programme Architecture: decentralized State level planning and projectised
execution

13.​ Soil Health Card

Objective: The Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme aims to provide farmers with detailed
information on soil health, including nutrient status and fertilizer recommendations, to
promote balanced fertilization and sustainable agriculture.

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme

15
Salient Feature:
●​ Launched in 2015 to assess soil health every two years.
●​ Farmers receive a SHC containing details of soil parameters like pH, organic
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels.
●​ Promotes site-specific nutrient management, reducing excessive fertilizer use.
●​ Implemented through state governments, covering all agricultural land.
●​ Encourages precision farming for improved productivity and cost-effectiveness.
●​ Uses a digital database for easy farmer access to soil health reports.

16
Space for Your Notes

17
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

EDUCATION

1.​ Samagra Shiksha

Objective: The scheme aims to provide quality education, enhance learning

outcomes, bridge social and gender gaps, ensure equity and inclusion, maintain
minimum schooling standards, promote vocational education, support RTE Act
implementation, and strengthen SCERTs/DIETs for teacher training.

Ministry: Ministry of Education.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ The scheme focuses on improving school effectiveness, ensuring equal
opportunities for schooling, and achieving equitable learning outcomes.
●​ It aligns with SDG-4.1 and SDG-4.5, emphasising inclusive, equitable, and
quality education.
●​ It merges Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE) into one overarching program.
●​ It focuses on a holistic approach, covering education from pre-primary to
senior secondary level (Class 12) and providing continuous schooling support.

Key Interventions:

●​ Universal Access: Infrastructure development, retention strategies.

●​ Gender and Equity: Enhanced focus on girls’ education.
●​ Inclusive Education: Special provisions for marginalized groups.
●​ Quality Enhancement: Strengthening Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs).
●​ Vocational Education: Integrated skill-based learning for Classes 9-12.
●​ Digital Education: Implementation of ‘Operation Digital Board’ and ICT
initiatives.
●​ Swachhta activities: Specific provisions for Swachhta activities under 'Swachh
Vidyalaya.'
●​ Teacher Training: Strengthening SCERTs and DIETs as nodal teacher training

18
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

agencies.
●​ Financial Assistance: Enhanced allocation for uniforms, textbooks, and
support for Children with Special Needs (CwSN).
●​ Focus on Sports: Provision of sports equipment and physical education as
part of the curriculum.

Special Focus Areas

●​ Support to Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs), LWE-affected districts,

Special Focus Districts (SFDs), and Aspirational districts.
●​ Upgradation of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) from Class 6-8
to Class 6-12.
●​ Self-defense training for girls at upper primary and secondary levels.
●​ Enhanced commitment to the 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' initiative.

2.​ PM-SHRI (PM Schools For Rising India)

Objective: To create an inclusive and nurturing environment that promotes the

well-being and safety of every student, offering diverse learning experiences and
access to quality infrastructure and resources.

Ministry: Ministry of Education.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Launched in 2022, this centrally sponsored initiative by the Government of
India aims to establish over 14,500 PM SHRI Schools by upgrading existing
schools to exemplify the implementation of NEP 2020.
●​ States must confirm participation by signing an MoU with the Education
Ministry, and schools will be selected through a three-stage challenge
mode.
●​ Teaching methods will be experiential, inquiry-driven, and learner-centred.
●​ Schools will have modern labs, libraries, art rooms, and promote "green"
initiatives like water conservation and waste recycling.

19
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ These schools feature best-in-class modern facilities, including Smart

Classrooms, Computer Labs, Integrated Science Labs, Vocational Labs/Skill
Labs, and Atal Tinkering Labs.
●​ Monitoring Framework of Schools: A School Quality Assessment
Framework (SQAF) will monitor performance, with regular evaluations to
ensure high standards.
●​ The Education Ministry had stopped funds under the Samagra Shiksha
Abhiyan (SSA), to Delhi, Punjab and West Bengal because of their reluctance
to participate in the PM-SHRI scheme.

3.​ New India Literacy Programme (NILP)

Objective: To provide literacy to all non-literate individuals aged 15 years and above
across the country.

Ministry: Ministry of Education.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ It is a centrally sponsored scheme on Education for All (formerly known as
Adult Education)
●​ The scheme has five components, namely:

20
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Formation and involvement of SHGs, Voluntary & User Groups and other
community based organizations may be encouraged.
●​ The scheme will be implemented through volunteerism, encouraging
learners to access content in local languages online via the DIKSHA platform
in NCERT.
●​ Government/Aided schools registered under UDISE are the units of
implementation of the scheme which are run by the State/UT Governments.

4.​ Skill India Programme

Objective:
1.​ To make India self-reliant by bridging the gap between industry demands
and individual skill requirements for employment generation.
2.​ To create employment opportunities for the development of young talents.
3.​ To strengthen the Indian youth as a workforce for world markets.
4.​ To build up the competitiveness of Indian businesses.
5.​ To develop true marketplace capabilities rather than mere qualifications.
6.​ To provide training in areas like real estate, construction, transportation,
textile, gem industry, banking, and tourism where skill development is
inadequate.
7.​ To identify and develop new sectors that require skill enhancement.

Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

Initiatives Of Skill India Mission:
1.​ Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
●​ Enabling the Indian youth to take up skill training linked to a specific
industry.
●​ Provides monetary rewards for those who complete the training
program
2.​ Pradhan Mantri YUVA Yojana (PM YUVA Yojana)
●​ Creating an enabling environment through entrepreneurship education
and training and thus, provides easy access to the entrepreneur
network.

21
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Applicable to ten Indian states (including Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,

Bihar, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala, Assam, Meghalaya
and Maharashtra) and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry).
3.​ Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)
●​ Provides vocational training to underprivileged (scheduled
castes/scheduled tribes/minorities), with minimum infrastructure and
resources.
4.​ Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion
(SANKALP Scheme)
●​ A program funded by the World Bank .
●​ Aims to improve short term skill training qualitatively and quantitatively
through strengthening institutions, bringing in better market connectivity
and inclusion of marginalised sections of the society.
5.​ UDAAN(Special Industry Initiative)
●​ Aims to provide skills training and enhance the employability of
unemployed youth of J&K.
6.​ Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKKs)
●​ Established prominent and inspiring Model Training Centres (MTCs) in
every district nationwide.
●​ Equipped with cutting-edge facilities and resources to provide
high-quality vocational training.

Conclusion: This is a major initiative involving all segments of society. This is India’s
first integrated national scheme for developing skills and promoting entrepreneurship
on a larger scale.

5.​ PM-USHA (Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan)

Objective: PM-USHA aims to enhance access, equity, and excellence in higher

education by addressing key challenges in India's education system.

Ministry: Ministry of Education.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.

22
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Salient Features:
●​ It is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to transform higher
education institutions (HEIs) by improving quality, accreditation, digital
infrastructure, and employability.
●​ It is an upgraded version of Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA),
which was launched in 2013 (Phase 1) and 2018 (Phase 2) to improve higher
education.
○​ It retains the key goals of RUSA while aligning with the reforms
proposed under NEP 2020.
●​ It ensures gender inclusion and promotes opportunities for underprivileged
groups.
●​ It aims to increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) by removing language
barriers and promoting multilingual education. concise and combine
●​ It encourages faculty training, curriculum innovation, and NAAC accreditation to
ensure high standards in higher education.
●​ It enhances ICT-based learning, digital libraries, Open Distance Learning
(ODL), and smart classrooms.
●​ It strengthens industry-academia collaboration, employment cells, and
market-linked courses to improve job prospects.
●​ It emphasises improving the quality of education to produce employable and
competitive graduates, postgraduates, and PhDs.

Alignment with NEP 2020: PM-USHA aligns with NEP’s five pillars: Accessibility,
Quality, Equity, Accountability, and Affordability, addressing systemic challenges like
fragmentation, limited access, and lack of research focus.

23
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

24
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

HEALTH

1.​ Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jan Aushadi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

Objective: To provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices to the masses

Ministry: Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers

Salient Features:
●​ Extend coverage of quality generic medicines, reducing out-of-pocket medical
expenses and redefining the unit cost of treatment per person.
●​ Generate employment by engaging individual entrepreneurs in opening of
PMBJP kendras.
●​ Implemented by Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Bureau of India
(PMBI).
●​ Recently, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) have been allowed to
operate PMBJP.
●​ The PMBJP product basket includes Ayurvedic immunity-boosting medicines
and surgical devices, covering major therapeutic groups like cardiovascular,
anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, and anti-allergic drugs.
●​ Ensuring quality:
1.​ Medicines are procured only from World Health Organization – Good
Manufacturing Practices (WHO-GMP), Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI) and CE Certified suppliers.
2.​ Drug is accredited by ‘National Accreditation Board for Testing and
Calibration Laboratories’ (NABL).
3.​ SAP based Inventory Management and Forecasting System.
4.​ Regular comparison with popular branded medicines in terms of assay
& solubility etc.
5.​ System of Blacklisting/Debarring Vendors/ Suppliers/ Manufacturers for
failure in supply, also penalty is imposed for late delivery.

25
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

2.​ Assistance To Medical Device Clusters For Common

Facilities Scheme (AMD-CF) Scheme

Objective: Launched along with the National Medical Devices Policy, 2023 to
Promote self-reliance in manufacturing of medical devices.

Ministry: Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers

Salient Features:
●​ The scheme aims to strengthen medical device clusters by providing financial
assistance and establishing more testing laboratories for medical devices.
●​ The project will be managed by SIDBI and will run from FY 2023-24 to FY
2026-27.
●​ Components:
1.​ Assistance for Common Facilities: For Creating Common Infrastructure
Facilities.
2.​ Assistance for Testing Facilities: To strengthen availability of more
Medical Device Testing Laboratories in order to boost manufacturing of
quality medical devices.

3.​ GARBH - Ini Programme

Objective: To identify biological and non-biological risk factors of preterm birth

(PTB) and develop knowledge-driven interventions and technologies for sustainable
implementation in clinical practice and communities.

Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology.

Salient Features:
●​ GARBH-Ini is an initiative under the Department of Biotechnology as a
collaborative interdisciplinary programme.
●​ For the first time in South Asia, Indian scientists under the GARBH-Ini
programme have identified genetic markers linked to preterm or premature
birth.
●​ PTB is the largest cause of neonatal deaths and complications globally and is

26
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

defined as births before 37 completed weeks of gestation.

4.​ Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

Objective:
●​ To holistically strengthen the healthcare system by covering prevention,
promotion, and ambulatory care across primary, secondary, and tertiary
levels.
●​ To reduce the financial burden on poor and vulnerable groups from
catastrophic hospital expenses while ensuring access to quality health
services.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Salient Features:
●​ It is the largest health assurance scheme in the world.

●​ Transparency and accountability:

1.​ 4 modes of verification of beneficiaries: Aadhar based e-KYC, Finger
print, iris scan, and face authentication.
2.​ Whistle Blower Policy issued by the NHA.
3.​ Anti-Fraud Cell in the state for carrying out surprise inspections,
imposing penalties, de-empanelment, etc.

27
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Key initiatives Ayushman Bhava campaign:

1.​ To extend comprehensive healthcare coverage to every village and
town, transcending geographical barriers and ensuring that no one is
left behind.
2.​ It aims to saturate coverage of health services through its three
components Ayushman
●​ Apke Dwar 3.0,
●​ Ayushman Melas at Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)
●​ Community Health Centres (CHCs)
●​ Ayushman Sabhas in every village and panchayat.

5.​ Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (ABHIM)

Objective: This is the largest pan-India scheme for strengthening healthcare

infrastructure across the country. Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres
(AB-HWCs) is rechristened as 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ The measures under the scheme focus on developing capacities of health
systems and institutions across the continuum of care at all levels viz.
primary, secondary and tertiary level and on preparing health systems in
responding effectively to the current and future pandemics/disasters.
●​ The objective of the scheme is to fill critical gaps in health infrastructure,
surveillance and health research – spanning both the urban and rural areas.
●​ Components under CS:
○​ Critical Care Hospital Blocks (CCBs);
○​ Strengthening of the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), 5
New Regional NCDCs and 20 metropolitan health surveillance units;
○​ Expansion of the Integrated Health Information Portal to all States/UTs
to connect all public health labs;
○​ Operationalization of 17 new Public Health Units

28
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

○​ Health Emergency Operation Centres and container based mobile

hospitals;
○​ National Institution for One Health, New National Institutes for
Virology, a Regional Research Platform for WHO South East Asia
Region and Biosafety Level III laboratories.
●​ CSS component of the scheme:
○​ Rural Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs).
○​ Urban Health and Wellness Centres in all the States with the focus on
slum like areas.
○​ Block Public Health Units (BPHUs) at block levels.
○​ Integrated Public Health Labs (IPHLs) in 730 districts.
○​ Critical Care Hospital Blocks (CCBs) in 602 districts (with
population more than 5 lakhs) and with referral linkages in other
districts.

6.​ Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission - Microsite Project

Objective: To integrate digital health solutions for continuum of care, and effective
utilization of resources.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ The 100 Microsite Project, a Central Sector Scheme with a 5-year tenure, has
been launched by the National Health Authority (NHA) under the Ayushman
Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM).
●​ ABHA and ABHA App
1.​ ABHA is a 14-digit identification number, generated using an Aadhaar
or mobile number.
2.​ A hassle-free method of accessing and sharing health records digitally.
3.​ ABHA App allows self-uploading/scanning of existing physical health
records such as diagnostic reports, prescriptions, etc.

29
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Health Facility Registry: Comprehensive repository of all health facilities

(Includes both public and private health facility) of country across different
systems of medicine.
●​ Healthcare Professionals Registry: Comprehensive repository of all
healthcare professionals involved in healthcare delivery services across both
modern and traditional systems of medicine.

Microsite Project: A Microsite is a network of healthcare stakeholders (hospitals,

labs, pharmacies, etc.) interconnected by a common characteristic, such as:
●​ A defined geographical area
●​ Common ownership
●​ Part of a common association/ group etc.
●​ Microsites are implemented with the objective to counter various challenges
encountered in ABDM adoption, especially for Private sector providers.
●​ Focused outreach efforts within a Microsite can increase awareness about
ABDM and showcase different benefits of ABDM for both patients and
providers.

●​ Unified Health Interface (UHI): Envisioned as an open protocol for various

digital health services. UHI will enable service including appointment
teleconsultation, etc.

7.​ Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojana (TBSJ)

Objective: Provide financial assistance of up to ₹10 lakh per patient for the
treatment of Thalassemia Major and Aplastic Anemia, benefiting 356 underprivileged
children across India.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Salient Features:
●​ Launched in 2017, the scheme supports families with an annual income below
₹8 lakh.

30
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ With an investment of ₹70 crore, TBSY has been recognized with ‘The Green
Environment Award’ and continues to offer vital financial support for medical
treatments through an online portal and physical applications.
●​ CIL's flagship health initiative ,Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojana, has reached a
significant milestone with the successful completion of 500 Bone Marrow
Transplants (BMTs).
●​ About Thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes
a body to have less hemoglobin than normal.
○​ It is estimated that more than 10,000 Thalassemia children are born
every year in India.
○​ Similarly, 9400 people are diagnosed with Aplastic Anaemia every year.
○​ These diseases pose an emotional, psychological and economic burden
on the affected families especially those from rural and poor
backgrounds besides placing great burden on healthcare services.

8.​ Saksham Learning Management Information System (LMIS)

Objective: To ensure inclusive capacity building of health professionals from primary

health centres located in rural and remote areas.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Developed by: National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW)
Salient Features:
●​ Saksham is a dedicated and unified platform for providing online training and
medical education to all health professionals in the country.
●​ SAKSHAM LMIS has been developed by the National Institute of Health &
Family Welfare (NIHFW), New Delhi.
●​ Ensure inclusive capacity building of health professionals from primary
health centres located in rural and remote areas all the way up to tertiary care
and corporate hospitals in metropolitan cities.

31
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

9.​ Tele-Manas Initiative

Objective: To provide free 24*7 tele-mental health services across the country,
particularly catering to people in remote or under-served areas.

Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Salient Features:
●​ Tele- MANAS helpline was launched on occasion of World Mental Health Day
in 2022.
●​ Nodal centre: National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience
(NIMHANS), Bengaluru.
●​ Technical support: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bengaluru and National
Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC).
●​ Connects users with a trained and accredited counsellor.
●​ Also connects with ONLINE RESOURCES OR E-SANJEEVANI for in-person and
online services.

32
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

33
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

https://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazineht
tps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttp
s://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps:
//superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://
superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://s
uperkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://su
perkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://sup
erkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://super
kalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superk
alam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkal
am.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkala
m.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam
.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.c
om?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.co
m?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com
?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?
utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?ut
m_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm
_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_s
ource=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_so
urce=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_sour
ce=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_sourc
e=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source
=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=
PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=P
DF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PD
F&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF
&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&
utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&ut
m_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm
_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_
medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_m
edium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_me
dium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medi
um=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_mediu
m=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium
=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=
banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=b
anner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=ba
nner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://superkalam.com?utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=ban
ner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazine

34
 ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

POVERTY AND HUNGER

1.​ Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana

Objective: Government provides 5 kg of free food grains per month to beneficiaries,

in addition to the subsidized ration under the Public Distribution System (PDS) as per
the National Food Security Act (NFSA).

Ministry: Ministry of Consumer affairs,food and public distribution.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ The scheme encompasses the distribution of 5 kg of free food grains each
month, along with cash transfers to women and elderly individuals.
●​ It was introduced as part of the broader Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package,
aiming to offer relief to those adversely affected by the pandemic, especially the
poor and marginalized.
●​ The government recently extended the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna
Yojana (PMGKAY) scheme for another five years.
●​ Eligibility Criteria for PMGKAY
○​ Families belonging to the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Priority
Households (PHH) categories.
○​ Households led by widows, terminally ill, disabled, or elderly (60+ years)
without support.
○​ Single women/men with no family or financial security.
○​ Primitive tribal households, landless agricultural laborers, marginal
farmers, rural artisans, slum dwellers, and daily wage earners (e.g.,
porters, rickshaw pullers).
○​ All Below Poverty Line (BPL) families.

35
 ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Challenges And Issues:

●​ Expensive: It’s very expensive for the government to sustain and increases the
need for an abundant supply of cheap grains.
●​ Increase Fiscal Deficit: 6.4% of gross domestic product.T
●​ The beneficiaries of the National Food Security Act are based on the last census
(2011). The number of food-insecure people has increased since then and they
remain uncovered.

Conclusion: The provision of free food grains under PMGKAY for next five years with
effect from 1 st January 2024 reflects the long-term commitment and vision of the
Government for addressing National Food and Nutrition Security.

36
​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

37
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

VULNERABLE SECTION

2.​ Mission Shakti: An Integrated Women Empowerment

Programme

Objective:
●​ Empower women by reducing their care burden, promoting skill
development, and increasing female labor force participation.
●​ Provide continuum of care, support, and assistance to women affected by
violence.
●​ Raise awareness about government schemes, build capacity, train
functionaries, and collaborate with partner Ministries/Departments.

Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features: Encompasses two sub-schemes:
Sambal: For safety and security of women
●​ One Stop Centre (OSC): To provide integrated support and assistance to
women, affected by violence and in distress, both in private and public spaces,
under one roof.
●​ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)
●​ Women Helpline (WHL): Toll-free 24-hours telecom service .
●​ Nari Adalats: The Nari Adalat of each village would have 7-9 members/Nyaya
Sakhis [legal friends] -
○​ Half of which would be the elected members of the gram panchayat and
○​ The other half are women with social standing like teachers, doctors and
social workers - who would be nominated by the villagers.
○​ The head of Nari Adalat called the Mukhya Nyaya Sakhi [chief legal
friend] will be chosen among the Nyaya Sakhis, generally for a six-month
term.

38
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

○​ The Nari Adalat though does not hold any legal status, has its primary
focus on reconciliation, grievance redressal and creating awareness of
rights and entitlements.
Samarthya: For Empowerment of Women

3.​ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)

Objective: Launched in 2015 to address the issue of decline in Child Sex Ratio
(CSR) along with related issues in a life cycle continuum.

Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
Key Parameters:
●​ Improvement in the Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) by 2 points every year
●​ Improvement in the percentage of institutional deliveries or sustained at the
rate of 95% or above
●​ 1% increase in 1st Trimester Antenatal Care (ANC) Registration per year

39
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ 1% increase in enrolment at secondary education level and skilling of girls/

women per year
●​ To check dropout rate among girls at secondary and higher secondary levels
●​ Raising awareness about safe Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM)

Conclusion: The scheme is primarily focused on creating behavioural and social

change in the way the girl child is perceived across the country by informing,
influencing, motivating, engaging and empowering all stakeholders .

4.​ Saksham Anganwadi - Mission Poshan 2.0

Objective: To address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls,

pregnant women and lactating mothers through a strategic shift in nutrition
content and delivery and by creation of a convergent eco-system to develop and
promote practices that nurture health, wellness and immunity.

Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Beneficiaries (the Anganwadi Services scheme):
1.​ Children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating
mothers.
2.​ Supplementary nutrition is provided to beneficiaries in the form of Hot
Cooked Meals at Anganwadi Centres and Take Home Ration (not raw
ration).
3.​ Under Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi (PBPB) of Mission Poshan 2.0, the
government promotes the use of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) and locally
available toys for learning at Anganwadi Centres (AWCs).
●​ Key initiatives under the scheme:
1.​ Poshan Vatikas:
a.​ Kitchen and nutri-gardens will be established at or near
Anganwadi Centres, government schools, and Gram Panchayat
lands, wherever possible.
b.​ Utilizes traditional knowledge to enhance nutrition and food

40
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

security.
2.​ Poshan Tracker App
a.​ Serves as a job-aid for Anganwadi workers to ensure efficient
service delivery and track their efforts.
b.​ Enables dynamic identification of stunting, wasting, and
underweight prevalence among children.
3.​ Poshan Bhi, Padhai Bhi (PBPB)
a.​ A path breaking ECCE program high-quality pre-school network
at AWCs in alignment with the new NEP 2020.
4.​ Kishori Health Cards (discontinued)
a.​ Records the information about the weight, height, Body Mass
Index (BMI) for adolescent girls.
5.​ Rashtriya Poshan Maah
a.​ Every year, Rashtriya Poshan Maah is celebrated in the month of
September across the country to realise the vision of ‘Swasth
Bharat’.
b.​ It acts as a platform for awareness about nutrition at the ground
level.
Conclusion: A novel feature of POSHAN Abhiyaan has been its focus on social and
behavioural change communication (SBCC) thus paving way for a mass movement to
promote transformative change, referred to as Jan Andolan.

5.​ Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan Dhan (PM-SYM)

Objective: To provide Social Security to unorganized sector employees(age:18-40

can join for guaranteed pension benefits of Rs.3000 per month).

Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ It is a voluntary, contributory scheme, which can be availed by casual
workers.
●​ These workers must have a monthly income of less than Rs 15,000.

41
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ If a person joins the PM-SYM at the age of 18, they will have to put aside a
fixed sum every month for 42 years for the scheme.
●​ On the other hand, if the person joins the scheme at the age of 40, their
contributory period will last for 20 years.
●​ Workers contribute between Rs 55 and Rs 200 per month until they reach the
age of 60. The central government also makes a matching contribution.
●​ Implementing Agency: LIC will be the Pension Fund Manager and responsible
for Pension pay out.
●​ Exclusion: The worker should also not be covered under any statutory social
security schemes such as National Pension Scheme (NPS), Employees’
State Insurance Corporation scheme, Employees’ Provident Fund
Organization Scheme. They should not be an income tax payee.

6.​ Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)

Objective: To develop infrastructure projects, provide basic amenities and reduce

imbalances and development deficit in the identified Minority Concentration Areas.

Ministry: Ministry of Minority Affairs.

Salient Features:
●​ Approach:
1.​ Demand driven financial assistance for infrastructural development for
community assets only.
2.​ However, Infrastructure assets developed under the project are for use
by all communities living in the Catchment areas.

●​ Mobile app PMJVK Bhuvan

1.​ Developed for Geo-tagging of all the assets created under PMJVK.
2.​ Also captures the project specific attributes including photographs of
different stages of construction/completion of projects for better
implementation/ monitoring.
●​ Use at least 33- 40% of the funds for creation of assets/ facilities for women/
girls.

42
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Convergence with PM VIKAS: Physical infrastructure facilities relating to skill

development such as arts, crafts, skills, heritage in Vishwakarma Villages under
the PM VIKAS scheme will also be considered.
●​ 80% of the resources would be utilized for projects related to education, health
and skill development.

7.​ Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)

Objective: Empowerment of SCs & OBCs to enable them to participate on an equal

footing in the growth of the country; and Welfare of Senior Citizens, victims of Drug
Abuse, Transgenders & other vulnerable groups to lead a life of dignity.

Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

Salient Features:
●​ To provide in SC majority villages:
1.​ Adequate Infrastructure
2.​ Requisite Services
3.​ Improvement in SocioEconomic Indicators
●​ To enable an area based development approach, a scheme called Pradhan
Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) was launched during 2009-10.

8.​ Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY)

Objective:Transforming villages with significant tribal populations into model villages

Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
1.​ Preparing Village Development Plan based on the needs, potential, and
aspirations.
2.​ Maximizing the coverage of individual/family benefit schemes of the Central /
State Governments.

43
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

3.​ Improving the infrastructure in vital sectors like health, education, connectivity
and livelihood.
4.​ Background: It is a revamped version of the special Central Assistance to Tribal
Sub scheme(2017).
5.​ Convergence with other schemes: The Scheme converges with 58 schemes
of the Centre and the States that have Schedule Tribe Components to bridge
various gaps.
6.​ Coverage:
●​ All States and UTs with notified ST population.
●​ Villages having at least 50% ST population and 500 ST persons are
identified to be covered in the given period.
7.​ The scheme envisions to mitigate gaps in prominent 8 sectors of
development:

Conclusion: The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs is now working to develop 36,428
villages with at least 50% tribal population and 500 Scheduled Tribes across the
country into ‘model tribal’ villages.

44
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

9.​ Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) 2.0

Objective: To provide deposit-free LPG connections to those low-income

families who could not be covered under the earlier phase of PMUY.

Ministry: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: Safeguarding health of women & children by providing them with a
clean cooking fuel-LPG.
●​ Applicant: Woman only who must have attained 18 years of age
●​ Eligibility: An adult woman from a poor household without an existing LPG
connection.
●​ Exclusion: Household having any other LPG connection from any Oil Marketing
Company.
●​ Ease of registration for migrants: Migrants are not required to submit ration
cards or any address proof. A self declaration is sufficient.

10.​ Mission Vatsalya

Objective: Securing a safe and nurturing environment for children who need care
and protection. This mission is a revamped version of the Child Protection Services
(CPS) Scheme.
●​ Ensure the safety, security, and well-being of children, particularly those in
difficult circumstances.
●​ Provide institutional and non-institutional care to children in need of
protection.
●​ Facilitate rehabilitation, family-based care, and adoption for children
without parental care.
●​ Promote child participation, child rights awareness, and community
engagement.

Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme

45
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Salient Feature:
●​ Child Protection Services: Strengthening the Child Welfare Committees
(CWCs) and Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs).
●​ Sponsorship and Foster Care: Providing financial support for children placed
under sponsorship or foster care programs.
●​ Child Welfare Committee (CWC): It shall be in a district as the authority to
dispose of cases for the care, protection, treatment, development, and
rehabilitation of children in need of care & protection.
●​ Adoption and Non-Institutional Care: Encouraging domestic adoption through
the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA).
●​ Aftercare Program: Supporting children aged 18-21 years who leave child care
institutions, to help them transition into mainstream society.
Funding Pattern:
●​ 60: 40 between Centre and State & UTs with legislatures
●​ 90:10 between Centre and State for the North-Eastern States and two
Himalayan States (UK and HP) and UT of Jammu and Kashmir.
●​ 100% by Centre in case of Union Territories without Legislature.
Mission Vatsalya Portal: Unified Digital Platform for various MIS related to children in
difficult circumstances. It will integrate
●​ TrackChild (for Missing/Found Children)
●​ CARINGS (for the adoption of Children)
●​ ICPS portal (for monitoring the scheme)
Implementation and Monitoring:
●​ Implemented through State Governments/UT Administration.
●​ District Child Protection Units (DCPUs) are responsible for on-ground
implementation and monitoring.
●​ The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) monitors
the protection and welfare of children.

46
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

11.​ Stand-Up India Scheme

Objective: The Scheme aims to promote entrepreneurship among Scheduled Caste

(SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), and women entrepreneurs by providing financial
assistance for setting up greenfield enterprises in manufacturing, services, trading,
and agriculture-allied sectors.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

Type: Central Sector Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ It facilitates bank loans between ₹10 lakh and ₹1 crore to eligible
entrepreneurs, ensuring financial inclusion and fostering self-employment.
●​ The scheme is aligned with the third pillar of the National Mission for Financial
Inclusion- Funding the Unfunded.
●​ Online portal provides hand-holding support such as training, skill
development, mentoring, project report preparation, and assistance with
government subsidy schemes.
●​ Bank Branch Mandate: Each scheduled commercial bank branch is required to
facilitate at least one loan to an SC/ST borrower and one to a woman borrower.

Eligibility Criteria:
●​ Finance is provided exclusively for Greenfield Enterprises.
●​ If the applicant is male, he must belong to the SC/ST category.
●​ The applicant must be at least 18 years old.
●​ The applicant should not have any loan defaults with banks or financial
institutions.
●​ In case of non-individual enterprises, at least 51% of the shareholding and
controlling stake should be held by either an SC/ST or a woman entrepreneur.

Difference from Start-Up India Scheme: While Stand-Up India focuses on

providing financial assistance to SC/ST and women entrepreneurs for establishing
new enterprises, Start-Up India is aimed at promoting innovative and
technology-driven startups, irrespective of caste or gender, with various incentives
like tax benefits and regulatory ease.

47
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

12.​ Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY)

Objective: Pension scheme introduced by the Government of India to provide

financial security to senior citizens (aged 60 years and above) by offering assured
returns in the form of regular pension payments.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

Type: Central Sector Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Implemented through the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India.
●​ Offers an assured return of 7.40% per annum (for FY 2023-24), reset annually.
●​ Pension is payable monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly as chosen by the
pensioner.
●​ On survival of the pensioner till the end of the policy term (10 years), the
purchase price along with the final pension installment is paid.
●​ Allows loans up to 75% of the purchase price after 3 years, with interest
recovered from pension payments.
●​ On the pensioner’s death during the policy term, the purchase price is paid to
the beneficiary.
●​ Allows premature exit for critical/terminal illness of self or spouse with a 98%
refund of the Purchase Price.
●​ The government subsidizes any shortfall between guaranteed returns and actual
earnings.
●​ The scheme is exempted from GST, however, pension income is taxable
under the applicable Income Tax slab.

Eligibility and Investment Details:

●​ Minimum Entry Age: 60 years (completed).
●​ Maximum Entry Age: No limit.
●​ Policy Term: 10 years.
●​ Investment Limit: ₹15 lakh per senior citizen.

48
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

13.​ Bharatmala Pariyojana

Objective: The initiative aims to enhance freight and passenger movement efficiency
nationwide by addressing infrastructure gaps.

Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Salient Features:
●​ Designed to improve logistics efficiency, reduce travel time, and boost
economic growth.
●​ The Plan envisions 34,800 km of new road construction
●​ It aims to improve the efficiency of existing corridors through the development
of Multimodal Logistics Parks and the elimination of traffic bottlenecks.
●​ It aims to develop about 26,000 km of economic corridors, along with the
Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) and North-South and East-West (NS-EW)
Corridors, to carry the majority of the freight traffic on roads.
●​ There is a special focus on improving road connectivity in the North Eastern
states and leveraging inland waterways for better transportation.
●​ There is an emphasis on scientific and technological methods for project
preparation, execution, and asset monitoring.
●​ It will be funded through a combination of budgetary support, private
investments, toll revenues, and external borrowings.
●​ The Bharatmala Project includes: Economic Corridors; Feeder & Inter
Corridors; National Corridor Efficiency; Border & International Roads; Port &
Coastal Roads; Green Field Expressways; Balance NHDP Works

14.​ SMILE (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood

and Enterprise)

Objective: Aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitation, welfare, and livelihood

opportunities for marginalized individuals, particularly transgender persons and those
engaged in begging.

Ministry Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

49
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Type: Central Sector Scheme.

Salient Features:
●​ The scheme consists of two sub-schemes:
1.​ Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation for
Welfare of Transgender Persons
2.​ Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of
Persons Engaged in the Act of Begging
●​ It seeks to promote their socio-economic inclusion through medical support,
education, skill development, and economic linkages.
●​ It focuses on rehabilitation, medical facilities, counseling, education, skill
development, and economic empowerment.
●​ It is implemented with the support of State Governments, UTs, Local Urban
Bodies, Voluntary Organizations, Community-Based Organizations (CBOs),
and Institutions.
●​ It aims to reduce social discrimination and stigma against transgender
persons and those engaged in begging by integrating them into mainstream
society.
●​ It aligns with the Government of India’s vision of social justice, empowerment,
and inclusivity by ensuring equal opportunities for marginalized communities.

About Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Welfare of

Transgender Persons:
●​ Scholarships: Financial support for transgender students from Class IX to
post-graduation to help them complete their education.
●​ Skill Development & Livelihood: Implemented under the PM-DAKSH scheme
to enhance employability.
●​ Healthcare Support: Composite Medical Health Package in convergence with
PM-JAY to provide gender-affirmation surgeries at selected hospitals.
●​ Housing Facility - ‘Garima Greh’: Provides food, clothing, skill development,
recreation, and medical support for transgender persons and those engaged in
begging.
●​ Transgender Protection Cell: To be established in each state for monitoring,
registration, investigation, and prosecution of offences against transgender
individuals.

50
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ National Portal & Helpline: Provides information and support to transgender

persons and individuals engaged in begging.

About Comprehensive Rehabilitation of persons engaged in the act of Begging:

It will focus on Survey and identification, Mobilisation, Rescue/ Shelter Home and
Comprehensive resettlement.

51
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

52
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

FINANCE

1.​ Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

Objective: PMJDY is a National Mission on Financial Inclusion encompassing an

integrated approach to bring about comprehensive financial inclusion of all the
households in the country.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Objective of "Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)" is ensuring access to
various financial services like availability of basic savings bank account, access
to need based credit, remittances facility, insurance and pension to the excluded
sections i.e. weaker sections & low income groups.
●​ This deep penetration at affordable cost is possible only with effective use of
technology.
●​ The plan also envisages channeling all Government benefits (from Centre / State
/ Local Body) to the beneficiaries accounts and pushing the Direct Benefits
Transfer (DBT) scheme of the Union Government.

Benefits under PMJDY

●​ One basic savings bank account is opened for unbanked person.
●​ There is no requirement to maintain any minimum balance in PMJDY
accounts.
●​ Interest is earned on the deposit in PMJDY accounts.
●​ Rupay Debit card is provided to the PMJDY account holder.
●​ Accident Insurance Cover of Rs.1 lakh (enhanced to Rs. 2 lakh to new PMJDY
accounts opened after 28.8.2018) is available with RuPay card issued to the
PMJDY account holders.
●​ An overdraft (OD) facility up to Rs. 10,000 to eligible account holders is
available.
●​ PMJDY accounts are eligible for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Pradhan Mantri

53
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
(PMSBY), Atal Pension Yojana (APY), Micro Units Development & Refinance
Agency Bank (MUDRA) scheme.

2.​ Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA)

Objective: MUDRA would be responsible for developing and refinancing all

Micro-enterprises sectors by supporting the finance Institutions which are in the
business of lending to micro / small business entities engaged in manufacturing,
trading and service activities. MUDRA would partner with Banks, MFIs and other
lending institutions at state level / regional level to provide micro finance support to
the micro enterprise sector in the country.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

Type: Central Sector Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Funding the Unfunded: primary objective of developing the micro-enterprise
sector in the country.
●​ MUDRA was registered as a Company in March 2015 under the Companies Act
2013 and as a Non-Banking Finance Institution with the RBI on 07 April 2015.
●​ MUDRA was initially formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Small
Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) with 100% capital being
contributed by it.
●​ Presently, the authorized capital of MUDRA is ₹5000 crores, and paid-up capital
is ₹1675.92 crore, fully subscribed by SIDBI.
●​ MUDRA does not lend directly to micro-entrepreneurs / individuals.
●​ Offerings under MUDRA:
1.​ Shishu: covering loans upto 50,000/-
2.​ Kishor: covering loans above 50,000/- and upto 5 lakh
3.​ Tarun: covering loans above 5 lakh and upto 10 lakh
4.​ Tarun Plus: covering loans above 10 lakh and upto 20 lakh
●​ MUDRA Card: MUDRA Card is a debit card issued against the MUDRA loan
account, for the working capital portion of the loan.

54
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ The funding support from MUDRA is of two types:

1.​ Micro Credit Scheme (MCS) for loans up to 1 lakh financed through MFIs.
2.​ Refinance Scheme for Commercial Banks / Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) /
Small Finance Banks / Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).

Conclusion: An enabling framework for support to "Small Business Finance Entities"

would be created leading to formalization of the economy which is presently included in
the informal sector.

3.​ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana

Objective: Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) is a government-backed small savings

scheme that helps parents secure the future of their girl child. It was launched in
2015 as a part of the ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) campaign.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

Salient Features:
●​ Minimum deposit ₹ 250/- Maximum deposit ₹ 1.5 Lakh in a financial year.
●​ Account can be opened in the name of a girl child till she attains the age of
10 years.
●​ This account can be opened for a maximum of two girls in a family. Provided in
case of twins/triplets girls birth more than two accounts can be opened.
●​ Only one account can be opened in the name of a girl child.
●​ Account can be opened in Post offices and in authorised banks.
●​ Withdrawal shall be allowed for the purpose of higher education of the Account
holder to meet education expenses.
●​ The account can be prematurely closed in case of marriage of a girl child after
her attaining the age of 18 years.
●​ The account can be transferred anywhere in India from one Post office/Bank to
another.
●​ The account shall mature on completion of a period of 21 years from the
date of opening of account.
●​ Deposit qualifies for deduction under Sec.80-C of I.T.Act.

55
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Interest earned in the account is free from Income Tax under Section -10 of
I.T.Act.
●​ Recently. The Government of India has retained the interest rate on the Sukanya
Samriddhi scheme at 8 per cent.

4.​ Mahila Samman Savings Certificate

Objective: To provide financial security to every girl and woman in India.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

Salient Features:
●​ Provides attractive and secured investment options to all girls and women.
●​ With this, 'Mahila Samman Savings Certificate' scheme will now be available for
subscription in Post Offices, and eligible Scheduled Banks.
●​ An account can be opened under this scheme on or before March 31, 2025 for a
tenure of two years.
●​ The deposit made under MSSC will bear interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum
which will be compounded quarterly.
●​ Minimum of ₹1,000/- and any sum in multiple of 100 may be deposited within the
maximum limit of ₹2,00,000/-.
●​ The maturity of the investment under this scheme is two years from the date of
opening of the account under the scheme.
●​ It envisions flexibility not only in investment but also in partial withdrawal during
the scheme tenor.
●​ The account holder is eligible to withdraw a maximum of up to 40% of the
eligible balance in the scheme account.

5.​ E-Appeals Scheme

Objective: to simplify and expedite the appeal process, specifically for cases involving
orders concerning TDS/TCS defaults and return of income processing.

Ministry: Ministry of Finance.

56
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Salient Features:
●​ The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has introduced the e-Appeals Scheme
2023.
●​ Aggrieved assessee can appeal certain orders before Joint Commissioner
(Appeals) passed by an assessing officer below the rank of Joint Commissioner
(Appeals).
●​ A person shall not be required to appear either personally or through authorised
representative in connection with any proceedings under this scheme
●​ Appellant can, however, request a personal hearing, which would be done
through video conferencing or video telephony.

6.​ Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme

Objective: Attract investments in key sectors and cutting-edge technology; ensure

efficiency and bring economies of size and scale in the manufacturing sector and
make Indian companies and manufacturers globally competitive.

Ministry: Implemented by multiple ministries

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Feature:
Target Sectors: Initially launched for three sectors (Mobile Manufacturing,
Pharmaceutical APIs, and Medical Devices), it has now been extended to 14 key
sectors:
1.​ Mobile Manufacturing and Specified Electronic Components,
2.​ Critical Key Starting Materials/Drug Intermediaries & Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients,
3.​ Manufacturing of Medical Devices
4.​ Automobiles and Auto Components,
5.​ Pharmaceuticals Drugs,
6.​ Specialty Steel,
7.​ Telecom & Networking Products,
8.​ Electronic/Technology Products,
9.​ White Goods (ACs and LEDs),

57
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

10.​Food Products,
11.​Textile Products: MMF segment and technical textiles,
12.​High-efficiency solar PV modules,
13.​Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery, and
14.​Drones and Drone Components

Eligibility:
●​ Both domestic and foreign companies can apply.
●​ Eligibility criteria include minimum investment thresholds and incremental
sales targets.

Incentive Structure:
●​ Companies are rewarded based on incremental sales of products manufactured
in India.
●​ Tenure of incentives generally spans 5 years, with sector-specific variations.

Conclusion: The PLI scheme is expected to have a cascading effect on the country's
MSME ecosystem. The anchor units that will be built in every sector are likely to set a
new supplier/vendor base in the entire value chain.

7.​ Startup India

Objective: Build a strong eco-system for nurturing innovation and startups in the
country which will drive economic growth and generate large-scale employment
opportunities.

Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Feature:
Key Benefits and Incentives
●​ Eligible startups are exempt from income tax for 3 years.
●​ Exemptions from capital gains tax on investments.
●​ Easier Compliance with simplified regulations and self-certifications
●​ Single Window clearance on StartUp India Portal

58
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Fast-tracking of patent applications

●​ StartUp India Hub: A one-stop platform for networking, mentorship, and
knowledge sharing.
●​ Easier Exit: Startups can wind up operations within 90 days under the
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.

Eligibility Criteria:
●​ Must be registered as a Private Limited Company, Partnership Firm, or LLP.
●​ Should not be older than 10 years from the date of incorporation.
●​ Annual turnover should not exceed ₹100 crore in any financial year.

Conclusion: With more than 1.59 lakh startups recognized by the Department for
Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) as of January 15, 2025, India has firmly
established itself as the third-largest startup ecosystem in the world.

8.​ Startup Accelerator of MeitY for Product Innovation,

Development, and Growth (SAMRIDH)

Objective: The SAMRIDH program aims to strengthen the startup ecosystem in India
by supporting existing and upcoming accelerators.

Ministry: Ministry of Electronics & IT.

Salient Features:
●​ It was launched in August 2021 under the National Policy on Software
Products (2019).
●​ It provides selected IT-based startups with acceleration support, customer and
investor connections, and opportunities for international market expansion.
●​ It engages with existing and new accelerators to extend acceleration services.
●​ It seeks to foster innovation, drive social impact, and scale technological
solutions to address India's challenges.
●​ It is designed to support 300 tech startups over a period of four years.
●​ Provides financial support of up to ₹40 lakh per startup, following a
one-to-one matching funding model.
●​ It is implemented by the MeitY Start-up Hub (MSH), which acts as a national

59
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

coordination and monitoring centre, integrating incubation centres, startups, and

innovation-related activities under MeitY.

9.​ Sagarmala Yojana

Objective: To promote port-led development in the country by taking advantage of

India's 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km long potentially navigable waterways and
the strategic location on major maritime trade routes. The core vision of the Sagarmala
programme is to reduce the logistics cost for EXIM and domestic trade with minimal
infrastructure investment.

Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Salient Feature:
●​ Augmenting operational efficiency of ports (more terminals for loading and
unloading cargo)

●​ Optimizing logistics (rails, roads and inland waterways).

●​ Identify capacity additions (more ports wherever viable).

●​ Modernize India’s Ports so that port-led development can be augmented.

●​ Sagarmala Apex Committee (NSAC) is envisaged for

60
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

1.​ overall policy guidance,

2.​ high level coordination, and

3.​ review various aspects of planning and implementation of the plan and
projects.
●​ Six Megaports under Sagarmala:

State Place Port

Kerala Vizhinjam Vizhinjam International Seaport

Tamil Nadu Colachel Colachel Seaport

Maharashtra Vadhavan(near Vadhavan Port

Dahanu)

Karnataka Tadadi Tadadi port

Andhra Pradesh Machilipatnam Machilipatnam Port

West Bengal Sagar Island Sagar Island Port

61
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

62
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

1.​ Bharatnet Scheme

Objective: BharatNet, one of the biggest rural telecom projects in the world,
implemented in a phased manner to all Gram Panchayats (approximately 2.5 lakh)
in the country for providing non-discriminatory access to broadband connectivity to
all the telecom service providers.

Ministry: Ministry of Communications.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: Providing the last mile connectivity to all Gram Panchayats (GPs) of
the country.
●​ Funding: Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).
●​ Implementing Agency: Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL), a Special
Purpose Vehicle (SPV) incorporated on 25.02.2012 under the Indian
Companies Act, 1956.
●​ In 2016, the Telecom Commission approved to implement the project in three
phases.
●​ The utilisation of the network is through leasing bandwidth and dark fibre,
Wi-Fi to access broadband or internet services in public places, and Fibre to
the Home (FTTH).

Conclusion: Objective is to enable access providers like mobile operators, Internet

Service Providers (ISPs), Cable TV operators, content providers to launch various
services such as applications like e-health, e-education and e-governance in rural
and remote India.

63
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

2.​ Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

(MGNREGA) , 2005

Objective: The scheme aims to generate employment and enhance the economic
conditions of rural citizens.

Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.

Type: Central Sector Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ MGNREGA, enacted in 2005, guarantees the "right to work" for rural citizens
by providing a minimum of 100 days of unskilled manual work to an adult
member of an eligible rural household.
●​ Eligibility Criteria: For receiving the benefits of the MGNREGA Scheme, the
following eligibility criteria are to be met by the applicant:
○​ Citizen of India
○​ 18 years of age at the time of application
○​ Rural Household
○​ Willing to do unskilled work
●​ Unemployment Allowance: If work is not assigned within 15 days, the
applicant is entitled to receive an unemployment allowance (1/4th of minimum
wage).
●​ Social Audit: Section 17 of the MGNREGA has mandated a social audit of all
the works executed under the MGNREGA.
●​ Preference of employment near residence: The work provided is usually
within a 5 km radius of the applicant's village, with a travel allowance provided
for work beyond this radius.
●​ Payments are made on a weekly basis.
●​ Decentralized planning: Panchayati Raj Institutions take the lead role in
planning, implementing, and monitoring the allocated and executed works.
Initiatives under MGNREGA:
●​ Amrit Sarovar: Construction/renovation of at least 75 Amrit Sarovars (ponds)
in each district of the country;both on surface and under-ground.
●​ Jaldoot App: for measuring the water level in a Gram Panchayat through 2-3
selected open wells twice a year.

64
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

●​ Ombudsperson app for MGNREGS

●​ Job cards: Job cards should be issued to individuals who are eligible for
employment under MGNREGA, not to elected PRI representatives and
MGNREGA officials.

3.​ Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY)

Objective: To provide connectivity, by way of an all-weather road to unconnected

habitations

Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ PMGSY - Phase IV: Incorporate international benchmarks and best practices
under road constructions such as Cold Mix Technology and Waste Plastic,
Panelled Cement concrete, Cell filled concrete, Full Depth Reclamation, use of
construction waste and other wastes such as Fly Ash, Steel Slag, etc.
●​ Eligibility: Unconnected habitations of designated population size (500+ in
plain areas and 250+ in North-Eastern States, Himalayan States, Deserts
and Tribal Areas as per 2001 census) in the core network for uplifting the
socio-economic condition of the rural population.
●​ Construction of Rural Roads: In accordance with the provision of the
Indian Roads Congress (IRC).
●​ PMGSY - Phase I: Road connectivity and upgradation of existing rural roads
in order to ensure full farm to market connectivity. (100 % centrally
sponsored scheme)
●​ PMGSY - Phase II: Roads already built for village connectivity was to be
upgraded to enhance rural infrastructure (cost was shared between the
centre and the states/UTs).
●​ PMGSY - Phase III: Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs),Higher Secondary
Schools and Hospitals.

65
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

Challenges:
●​ Lack of dedicated funds.
●​ Limited involvement of the Panchayati Raj Institutions.
●​ Inadequate execution and contracting capacity.
●​ Less working season and difficult terrain particularly in Hill States.Scarcity of
the construction materials.
●​ Security concerns particularly in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) areas.

4.​ Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) - Phase Ii

Objective: Ensuring safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages,

reinforcing ODF behaviours and ensuring that no one is left behind and everyone
uses a toilet.

Ministry: Ministry of Jal Sakthi.(“SBM – Urban” is overseen by the Ministry of

Housing and Urban Affairs)
Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: All villages achieve Open Defecation Free Plus (ODF Plus) status at
the earliest
●​ Focus: Behavioural changes of the mass to adopt better sanitation and
hygiene practices

66
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

●​ ODF Plus status has been attained by 84% of India's villages, with many
achieving a 100% ODF Plus status during the second phase of the SBM-G.

5.​ Gramodyog Vikas Yojana (GVY)

Objective: GVY is for promotion and development of village industries through

common facilities, technological modernization, training etc.

Ministry: Ministry of Micro,small and Medium Enterprises.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ GVY is one of the three components of the umbrella scheme ‘Khadi and
Gramodyog Vikas Yojana (KGVY)’ with other two components being Khadi
Vikas Yojana and Khadi Grant.
●​ The Khadi Vikas Yojana (KVY) which includes two new components
such as Rozgar Yukt Gaon, Design House (DH)
●​ KGVY is a central sector scheme of Khadi and Village Industries Commission
(KVIC).

67
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

●​ Recently, the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi distributed Honey Bee-Boxes and

Toolkits to 130 recipients as part of the Gramodyog Vikas Yojana (GVY)
program.
●​ Components/ Verticals of GVY:
○​ Wellness & Cosmetics Industry
○​ Handmade Paper,
○​ Leather & Plastic Industry
○​ Agro Based & Food Processing Industry
○​ Mineral Based Industry
○​ Rural Engineering & New Technology Industry
○​ Service Industry

6.​ Swamitva Scheme (Survey Of Villages Abadi And Mapping

With Improvised Technology In Village Areas)

Objective:
1.​ Creation of accurate land records for rural planning and reduce property
related disputes.
2.​ To bring financial stability to the citizens in rural India by enabling them to
use their property as a financial asset for taking loans and other financial
benefits.
3.​ Determination of property tax, which would accrue to the Gram
Panchayats (GPs) directly in States where it is devolved or else, add to the
State exchequer.
4.​ Creation of survey infrastructure and GIS maps that can be leveraged
by any department for their use.
5.​ To support the preparation of a better-quality Gram Panchayat
Development Plan (GPDP) by making use of GIS maps.

Ministry: Ministry of Panchayat Raj.

Type: Central Sector Scheme

68
 ​ ​ ​ ​​

Salient Features:
●​ It was launched to provide rural India with an integrated inhabited (Abadi)
property ownership solution.
●​ This will provide the ‘record of rights’ to village household owners in the form
of Property Cards/Title Deeds.
●​ Technology Implementation Agency: Survey of India
Key Activities under SVAMITVA Scheme:
●​ Large-Scale Mapping Using Drones:
○​ Survey of India conducts drone surveys of rural inhabited (abadi) areas
to create an integrated property ownership solution.
○​ Geo-referenced digital maps are generated, capturing property images
in rural abadi areas.
●​ Property Card Distribution:
○​ State governments are responsible for preparing and distributing
Property Cards based on the generated maps.
●​ Infrastructure Development:
○​ Continuous Operating Reference Station (CORS): Establishment of
CORS for accurate mapping.
○​ SVAMITVA Dashboard: A centralized online platform for real-time
monitoring of implementation progress.
○​ DigiLocker App: Beneficiaries can view and download property cards
through the DigiLocker App.
○​ Gram Manchitra: Funds allocated to NIC for enhancing ‘Gram
Manchitra’, a spatial planning application for rural development.

69
​ ​ ​ ​​

Space for Your Notes

70
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

URBAN DEVLOPMENT

1.​ Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN)/Regional Connectivity

(RCS) Scheme

Objective: To enable air operations on underserved / unserved routes, promote

balanced regional growth and make flying affordable for masses

Ministry: Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ To fulfil the aspirations of the common citizen with an enhanced aviation
infrastructure and air connectivity in tier II and tier III cities.
●​ India is the world's third-largest market in the aviation sector. The
objective of UDAN scheme is to connect small and medium cities with big
cities through air service.
●​ Launched under National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) 2016.
●​ Subsidised seats: Airfare is capped at Rs. 2500 for a distance of 500 km to
600 km per seat.
●​ Regional Connectivity Fund (RCF): It facilitates the self-financing mechanism
of the scheme by funding the VGF through a levy on certain domestic flights.
●​ Flexibility for Identification of Routes - Airline operators propose the regional
routes that they are interested to operate and seek VGF.

Conclusion: Through this Scheme, it is also the intent of the MoCA to facilitate
creation of an ecosystem for small aircraft operations(including seaplanes) in the
country.

71
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

2.​ Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme (EMPS)

Objective: For faster adoption of electric two-wheeler (e2W) and three-wheeler

(e-3W)

Ministry: Ministry of Heavy Industries.

Salient Features:
●​ Implementation: By Project Management Agency (PMA)
●​ To provide further impetus to the green mobility and
●​ Development of electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing ecosystem in the country.
●​ Components of EMPS 2024

Components Description Total Fund

requirement (INR in
crore)

Subsidies/Dema Incentive for electric 2W (e-2W) 493.55

nd Incentive and electric 3 W including
registered e-rickshaws &
e-carts and L5 (e-3W)

Administration of Including IEC (Information, 6.45

scheme Education & Communication)
activities and fee for Project
Management Agency

Total 500

72
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

3.​ Smart Cities Mission

Objective: To promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent
quality of life to their citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of
‘Smart’ Solutions.

Ministry: Ministry of Housing and urban affairs.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Cities across the country were asked to submit proposals for projects to
improve municipal services and to make their jurisdictions more liveable.
●​ Between January 2016 and June 2018, the Ministry selected 100 cities for the
Mission over five rounds.
●​ Four pillars:

●​ All 100 cities have also constructed Integrated Command and Control
Centres to monitor all security, emergency and civic services.

4.​ CITIIS 2.0 (City Investments To Innovate, Integrate And

Sustain 2.0)

Objective: It is a part of the Smart Cities Mission and aims to promote integrated
waste management and climate-oriented reform actions.

Ministry: Ministry of Housing and urban affairs.

73
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Salient Features:
●​ CITIIS will consider Smart City Projects in the following four themes:
1.​ Sustainable Mobility.
2.​ Public Open Spaces
3.​ Urban E-governance and ICT.
4.​ Social and Organisational Innovation for Low-Income Settlements.
●​ To support competitively selected projects
1.​ Promoting circular economy with focus on integrated waste
management at the city level,
2.​ Climate-oriented reform actions at the State level, and
3.​ Institutional strengthening and knowledge dissemination at the
National level.
●​ FUNDING: Loan from AFD and KfW and a technical assistance grant from the
EU.
●​ Eligibility of cities: All 100 Smart Cities chosen under the Smart Cities
Mission of the Government of India are eligible to apply.
●​ CITIIS 1.0 was launched jointly in 2018 and Program Management Unit (PMU)
for CITIIS 1.0. - National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA).

5.​ Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - Urban (National Urban

Livelihood Mission)

Objective: Enabling urban poor to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage
employment opportunities through building strong grassroots level institutions of the
poor.

Ministry: Ministry of Housing and urban affairs.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ The mission would aim at providing shelters equipped with essential services to
the urban homeless in a phased manner.
●​ The mission would also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors
by facilitating access to suitable spaces,institutional credit,social security and
skills to the urban street vendors for accessing emerging market opportunities.

74
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Key Initiatives
○​ UNDP - DAY-NULM partnership: For empowering women for informed
entrepreneurship choices. This 3-year project is extendable beyond
2025 and initially spans eight cities.
○​ National Initiative for Promotion of Upskilling of Nirman workers (NIPUN):
To be implemented by the National Skill Development Corporation
(NSDC).
○​ PaiSA portal: It is a centralised electronic platform for processing
interest subvention on bank loans to beneficiaries under DAY-NULM.
●​ State Mission Management Unit (SMMU) oversees state-level progress, while
City Mission Management Unit (CMMU) monitors progress at the ULB level.
●​ Social Mobilisation: At least one member from each urban poor household,
preferably a woman, should be brought under the SHG network in a time-bound
manner.
●​ Recently, Kerala was first in national SPARK ranking for NULM implementation.

6.​ PM SVANIDHI Scheme (Pm Street Vendor's Atma Nirbhar

Nidhi)

Objective: To facilitate collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors to

restart their businesses.

Ministry: Ministry of Housing and urban affairs.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Facilitate collateral free working capital loan upto ₹10,000, of 1 year tenure,
with enhanced loan of ₹20,000 and ₹50,000 in the second and third tranches
respectively, on repayments of earlier loans.
●​ Implementing Agency: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
●​ To incentivize regular repayment and to reward digital transactions
●​ Eligibility for state/UTs: States/ UTs must have notified Rules under the Street
Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act,
2014.

75
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Credit Guarantee: Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
(CGTMSE).
●​ SVANidhi se Samriddhi: to provide social security benefits to street vendors
for their holistic development and socio-economic upliftment.
❖​ Quality Council of India (QCI) is the implementing partner.

7.​ Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U)

Objective: Provide central assistance to implementing agencies for providing

all-weather pucca houses to all eligible families/ beneficiaries.

Ministry: Ministry of Housing and urban affairs.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: Houses to all eligible families/ beneficiaries by 2024.
●​ Family: Comprises husband, wife, and unmarried children.
●​ Exclusion: Beneficiary family should not own a pucca house in any part of
India.
●​ Beneficiaries:
❖​ Economically Weaker Section (EWS): Annual household income up to
Rs. 3 Lakh.
❖​ Eligible for all four verticals Low Income Group (LIG): Annual
household income from 3-6 Lakh.
❖​ Eligible only under CLSS Middle Income Group (MIG): Annual
household income from Rs. 6-18 Lakh.
●​ Identification of beneficiary: Use Aadhaar/ Aadhaar Virtual ID to avoid
duplication.
●​ Quality of Houses
○​ Basic amenities in houses: Availability of civic infrastructure like water,
sanitation, sewerage, road, electricity etc.
○​ Safety: Houses should meet the requirement of structural safety against
earthquakes, floods, cyclones, etc.
○​ Houses should conform to the standards of the National Building Code
(NBC) and other relevant Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) codes.

76
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ Funding Mechanism: Mission involves public expenditure (40%) and private

Investment including beneficiary contribution (60%).
●​ Monitoring and evaluation: Third Party Quality Monitoring (TPQM) as well as
Social Audit.
●​ Grievance redressal: Centralised Public Grievance Redressal and Monitoring
System (CPGRAMS).
●​ Key initiatives:
1.​ Global Housing Technology Challenge - India (GHTC-India).
2.​ CLSS Awas Portal (CLAP).
●​ The Ministry has informed that PMAY-U is a demand-driven scheme and the
Centre has not fixed any target for the construction of houses.

77
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

78
ENVIRONMENT

1.​ PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana

Objective: To increase the share of solar rooftop capacity and empower residential
households to generate their own electricity.

Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

Salient Features:
●​ Installation of 30 GW of solar capacity through residential rooftop solar system
(RTS).
●​ To help provide free/low-cost electricity to 1 crore households up to 300
units of electricity per month by installation of RTS.
●​ To produce renewable electricity of 1,000 billion units through the capacity
installed under the programme.
●​ To develop the required enabling ecosystem for rooftop solar projects, including
regulatory support, manufacturing facilities, supply chain, etc.
●​ To boost local economy and employment generation along with enhanced
energy security.
●​ Model Solar Village: One village will be developed in each district to act as a
role model for the adoption of RTS in rural areas.

2.​ Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)

Objective: To incentivize businesses to adopt greener technologies by monetizing

their efforts to reduce emissions.

Ministry: Ministry of Power.

Salient Features:
●​ The scheme was introduced through amendments to the Energy Conservation
(Amendment) Act, 2022.

79
 ●​ Carbon credits: A permit that assigns a monetary value to one ton of carbon
dioxide emissions.
●​ Compliance mechanism: Mandatory program for the energy-intensive
industries (Initially includes 9 sectors like Fertiliser, Iron & Steel, Pulp & Paper,
Petrochemicals, Petroleum refinery, etc.)
●​ Offset mechanism: A voluntary project-based mechanism for entities not
covered under compliance mechanism.
●​ Institutions:
1.​ National Steering Committee for Indian carbon market : monitor the
functions of the Indian carbon market and recommend to the Bureau to
issue carbon credit certificates, among other functions.
2.​ The Grid Controller of India Limited - Registry
3.​ Central Electricity Regulatory Commission - Regulator for the trading
activities.
●​ Infact, India took a bold decision this year by allowing even non-obligated
entities (voluntary players not a part of the aforementioned industries) to
participate in carbon trading.

3.​ Namami Ganga Yojana

Objective:
1.​ Ensure effective abatement of pollution and rejuvenation of the river Ganga
by adopting a river basin approach to promote inter-sectoral coordination
for comprehensive planning and management.
2.​ To maintain minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga to ensure water
quality and environmentally sustainable development.

Ministry: Ministry of Jal Sakthi.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: Ganga Rejuvenation i.e. ensuring “Aviral Dhara” (Continuous Flow),
“Nirmal Dhara” (Unpolluted Flow”), Geologic and Ecological Integrity.
●​ Implementing Agency: National Mission for Clean Ganga

80
 ●​ External assistance: World Bank is funding the projects through loans
approved for a period of 5 years up to 2026.

Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (cGanga):

●​ Acts in the capacity of a comprehensive think-tank to the NMCG Established
at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK) in 2016.
●​ cGanga in collaboration with NMCG organises India Water Impact summit
annually.

Clean Ganga Fund (CGF):

●​ Legal status: Registered under Indian Trust Act and chaired by the Union
Finance Minister.
●​ Non-Lapsable Fund
●​ Contribution to the fund is a notified Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
activity under the Indian Companies Act, 2013.

River front development:

●​ Construction of Ghats & Crematoria on the banks of river Ganga.

Urban River Management Plan (URMP):

●​ Developed by National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) and NMCG.
●​ To maintain the wholesomeness of the urban rivers in the Ganga river basin.

Ganga Praharis:
●​ Ganga Praharis are self-motivated individuals who will mobilize others in
Ganga conservation efforts.
●​ They are being trained for ecological monitoring of the Ganga river and its
biodiversity, tree plantation techniques, awareness, etc.

Continuous Learning and Activity Portal (CLAP):

●​ An interactive portal that is working towards initiating conversations and
action around the rivers in India Funded and supported by the World Bank.

PRAYAG Platform (Platform for Real-time Analysis of Yamuna, Ganga and their
Tributaries).

81
 ●​ Prayag is a real time monitoring centre for planning and monitoring of
projects, river water quality, etc. through various online dashboards such as
Ganga Tarang Portal, Ganga Districts Performance Monitoring System, etc.
●​ Launched under the ambit of Namami Gange Programme.

4.​ Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan

Mahabhiyan (PM - KUSUM) Scheme

Objective: Aimed at ensuring energy security for farmers in India, along with
honouring India’s commitment to increase the share of installed capacity of electric
power from non-fossil-fuel sources to 40% by 2030 as part of Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs).

Ministry: Ministry of New And Renewable Energy.

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Feature:
●​ De-dieselisation of farm sector and enhancing the income of farmers.
●​ Three Components:
1.​ COMPONENT A: Small Solar or other Renewable Energy based Power
Plants (REPP) of capacity upto 2MW can be set-up by individual
farmers/ cooperatives / panchayats / Farmer Producer Organisations
(FPO) on barren/ fallow/marshy/ pasture or cultivable lands.
2.​ COMPONENT B: Individual farmers/Water User
Associations/Communication or cluster based Irrigation system will be
supported to install standalone solar Agriculture pumps of capacity up to
7.5 HP for replacement of existing diesel Agriculture pumps / irrigation
systems in off-grid areas, where grid supply is not available.
3.​ COMPONENT C (IPS-Individual Pump Solarisation): Scheme can be
implemented in
a.​ Pump to run on both Solar and Grid

82
 b.​ Pump to run on solar power only: The pump will only run on the
solar power as in case of stand-alone solar pump and no power
will be drawn from the grid for operation of pump.
4.​ COMPONENT C(FLS-Feeder level Solarisation): Feeder level solar
power plant may be installed to cater to the requirement of power for a
single feeder or for multiple agriculture feeders emanating from a
distribution sub-station (DSS) to feed power at 11 kV or at the higher
voltage level side of the DSS depending upon on factors like availability
of land, technical feasibility, etc., and there is no cap of the capacity of
solar power plant for feeder level solarisation.
●​ Implementation: Designated departments of the State Government.

Conclusion: The PM-KUSUM Scheme allows inter-se transfer of quantities between

Component-B and Component-C. All three components of the scheme aim to add
Solar capacity of about 34,800 MW by March 2026 with the total Central Financial
support of ₹ 34,422 crore.

5.​ Aquifer Mapping And Management Programme (NAQUIM)

Objective: To ensure the sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Ministry: Ministry of Jal Sakthi.

Salient Features:
1.​ NAQUIM was initiated as a part of the Ground Water Management and
Regulation scheme to delineate and characterize the aquifers to develop plans
for ground water management.
2.​ Implemented by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB).
3.​ It aims to provide comprehensive and realistic information on the geologic
framework, hydrologic characteristics, water levels, and the occurrence of
natural and anthropogenic contaminants.
4.​ An aquifer is a body of porous rock or sediment saturated with groundwater.

83
6.​ Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)

Objective: To demonstrate community-led sustainable groundwater management

which can be taken to scale.

Ministry: Ministry of Jal Sakthi.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ The main aim of the scheme is to improve ground water management in select
over-exploited and ground water stressed areas in identified priority States
through implementation of various interventions with community participation.

●​ Four pronged strategy:

○​ Decision Support Tools for Groundwater Management

○​ Strengthen Community-Based Institutions to Foster Management
○​ Improve Water Use Efficiency and Enhance Groundwater Recharge
○​ Fiscal decentralization

●​ Nodal Implementing agency: Central Ground Water Board (CGWB).

●​ Coverage: Water stressed areas of 7 states(Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh).
●​ Grassroots level governance: Active participation of the communities.
GramPanchayat wise Water Security Plans (WSPs) & their implementation.
●​ The National Level Steering Committee (NLSC) has decided that ABY should be
taken up for continuation for another two years beyond 2025 i.e., till 2027.

7.​ Jal Jeevan Mission - Har Ghar Jal

Objective: 'No one is left out', thus ensuring tap water supply to every rural home by
2024

Ministry: Ministry of Jal Sakthi.

Type: Centrally sponsored Scheme.

84
Salient Features:
●​ To provide Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural
household.
●​ To provide functional tap connection to Schools, Anganwadis, GP buildings,
Health centres, etc. To promote voluntary ownership among the local
community by way of contribution in cash, kind and/ or labour (shramdaan).
●​ To bring awareness on various aspects and significance of safe drinking water.
●​ Priority: Emphasis on Districts Affected by Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES).
●​ JJM provides for a Village Action Plan (VAP) for long-term drinking water
security.
1.​ VAP focuses on: drinking water sources; grey water reuse; water supply
systems; operation & maintenance.
2.​ Paani Samitis: Paani Samitis or Village Water and Sanitation
Committees (VWSCs) is responsible for the regular operation and
maintenance of the village water supply system
●​ Key Achievements:
1.​ Goa becomes the First ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Certified State.
2.​ Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh becomes the first ‘Har Ghar Jal’
certified district.
3.​ Andaman and Nicobar Islands become the first ‘Swachh Sujal Pradesh’.

8.​ Environmental Information Awareness Capacity Building And

Livelihood Programme (EIACP)

Objective: It is funded by MoEF&CC, to facilitate collection, analysis and

dissemination of information on various facets of the environment.

Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.

Salient Features:
●​ It is one of the Central Sector sub-scheme being implemented in alignment
with Mission LiFE.
●​ Program is dedicated to raising awareness, building capacity, and promoting

85
 sustainable actions among individuals and communities across India.
●​ It encompasses the best functional aspects of the erstwhile Environmental
Information System (ENVIS) Scheme.

86
Space for Your Notes

87
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

MISCELLANEOUS

1.​ PM Vishwakarma Scheme

Objective:
1.​ To enable recognition of artisans and craftspeople as Vishwakarmas and to
provide skill upgradation,
2.​ To provide a platform for brand promotion and market linkages to help
them access new opportunities for growth.
3.​ To provide incentives for digital transactions

Ministry: Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Purpose: Holistic support to the traditional artisans and craftspeople.
●​ Coverage: Rural and urban areas with a focus on saturating districts in a
phased manner.
●​ Inter-ministerial: Union Ministry of MSME, Skill Development and
Finance.
●​ Eligibility criteria: An artisan who is working with hands and tools and
engaged in one of the recognized family based traditional trade in the
unorganized sector on a self-employment basis and at least 18 years old.
●​ Cap on family members: The benefits are limited to one member per family
●​ Exclusion:
1.​ Beneficiaries who have availed loans under similar credit-based
schemes of the Centre or State for self-employment or business
development in the past 5 years.
2.​ Exceptions are made for MUDRA and SVANidhi beneficiaries who fully
repay their loans within this period.
3.​ Individuals in government service and their family members are not
eligible under the Scheme.
●​ Recognition: PM Vishwakarma certificate and ID card to artisans and
craftspersons.

88
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
●​ Skill Upgradation: Basic Training of 5-7 days and Advanced training of 15
days or more, with a stipend of Rs. 500 per day.
●​ Toolkit Incentive: A toolkit incentive of up to Rs. 15,000 in the form of
e-vouchers at the beginning of Basic Skill Training.

2.​ RAMP Programme

Objective: Increasing the performance of the MSME sector, thus resulting in more
employment opportunities.

Ministry: Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ The Ministry launched three sub-schemes under the aegis of the
RAMP(Raising & Accelerating MSME Performance) programme.
●​ The 3 recent sub schemes include:
1.​ MSE GIFT Scheme (MSME Green Investment and Financing for
Transformation Scheme): To help MSMEs adopt green technology
with interest subvention and credit guarantee support.
2.​ MSE SPICE Scheme (MSE Scheme for Promotion and Investment
in Circular Economy): It is the first ever scheme in the Government to
support circular economy projects.This will be done through credit
subsidies and will lead to realising the dream of the MSME sector
towards zero emissions by 2070.
3.​ MSE Scheme on Online Dispute Resolution for Delayed
Payments: A first of its kind scheme to synergise legal support with
modern IT tools and Artificial Intelligence to address the incidences of
delayed payments for Micro and Small Enterprises.
●​ Funding: World Bank and Govt. of India.
●​ Environment and Social Assessment (ESSA) is mandatory to verify
compliances to Environmental and Social standards by the last mile
enterprises covered under the various programmes of the Ministry.
●​ Tenure: 2021-22 to 2025-26.

89
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

3.​ National Programme For Civil Services Capacity Building

(NPCSCB) - Mission Karmayogi

Objective: To transform the Indian civil services capacity building landscape by

establishing a robust digital ecosystem enabling continuous anytime anywhere
learning to make the officials future ready.

Ministry: Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Salient Features:
●​ My iGOT: Delivers targeted training courses of individual officer.
●​ Curated Programs: Cater diverse learning needs of Ministries/Departments
and Training Institutions.
●​ Coverage: All civil servants (including contractual employees) across different
ministries, departments, organizations and agencies of the Union
Government.
●​ Blended Programs: Facilitate equitable access to training methodologies
across all levels and integrates offline classroom courses with online learning
components.
●​ VIKAS (Variable & Immersive Karmayogi Advanced Support): New
blended learning programme for management of civil servants in the Central
Secretariat.
●​ 12 domain specific capacity building e-learning courses have been
developed.
●​ Karmayogi Prarambh is an online orientation programme
●​ It aims to provide all the necessary details related to government policies for
newly appointees recruited through Rozgar Melas. It includes a set of eight
courses curated to help all Rozgar Mela appointees

90
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

4.​ Mission On Advanced And High-Impact Research (MAHIR)

Objective:
1.​ Identify emerging technologies/areas of future relevance for the energy
sector.
2.​ Create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem and provide a common platform
for energy Sector Stakeholders for various tasks.
3.​ Support pilot projects of indigenous technologies and facilitate their
commercialization.
4.​ Leverage foreign alliances and partnerships to accelerate R&D.
5.​ Make our Nation among the leading Countries in the Power System.

Ministry: Ministry of Power.

Salient Features:
●​ Approach: The Mission will follow the technology life cycle approach of
Idea to Product.
●​ To facilitate indigenous research, development and demonstration of the
latest and emerging technologies in the power sector.
●​ The Technical Scoping Committee chaired by Central Electricity
Authority (CEA): Identify and recommend potential technologies for
development, monitoring of approved projects, etc.
●​ The Apex Committee chaired by Union Minister for Power & New and
Renewable Energy : Look into international collaborations, approve and
monitor the research proposals
●​ Patent: The IPR of the technology developed would be shared by the
Government of India and the Research Agency.
●​ Selection of the proposal: To be done through Quality cum Cost-Based
Selection (QCBS) basis.
●​ Transparency and accountability: Evaluation of the mission will be taken up
through a credible Third party at the end of the initial period of the Mission.

91
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

5.​ Acing Development Of Innovative Technologies With Idex

(ADITI) Scheme

Objective: To develop about 30 deep-tech critical and strategic technologies

where the country does not have existing capabilities.

Ministry: Ministry of Defence.

Salient Features:
●​ Facilitate rapid development of strategically critical technologies which are
sensitive and innovative.
●​ Indigenisation of critical technologies and reduction of dependencies on
foreign OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers).
●​ Spiral development within ADITI scheme and also spiral development of
products developed under existing iDEX scheme.
●​ Build “Technology Watch Tool” and conduct technology foresight
workshops.
●​ Recently, the Defence Ministry signed the 350th contract under iDEX for
‘miniaturised satellite’.
●​ ADITI challenges: Support for upto two winners in each ADITI challenge has
been provisioned. An applicant can be awarded only one ADITI challenge
at a time.
●​ Eligibility for ADITI Challenge
1.​ Startups, as defined and recognized by the Department for Promotion
of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
2.​ Any Indian company incorporated under the Companies Act
1956/2013, primarily an MSME as defined in the MSME Act, 2006.
3.​ Individual innovators (research & academic institutions can use this
category to apply) registered as Startup/MSME.

92
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

6.​ Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme

(MPLADs)

Objective:
●​ Enable MPs to recommend developmental works in their constituencies.
●​ Focus on creating durable community assets like roads, schools,
drinking water facilities, and sanitation.
●​ Prioritize locally felt needs with a focus on social infrastructure.

Ministry: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Feature:
Eligibility:
●​ Lok Sabha MPs can recommend projects within their constituencies.
●​ Rajya Sabha MPs can recommend projects in the state they represent.
●​ Nominated MPs can choose projects anywhere in the country.

Financial Allocation:

●​ 5 Crore per annum is allocated to each MP

●​ Funds are non-lapsable, released in Two equal installments each year
●​ The minimum amount sanctioned for any individual work shall not be less
than Rs. 2.5 lakh
Choice of Nodal District: Each MP, at the beginning of their terms, is required to
give his/ her choice of a Nodal District to the Central Nodal Agency under MoSPI.
Permissible Works:
●​ Community assets like schools, hospitals, and public toilets.
●​ Infrastructure development including roads, bridges, and drainage systems.
●​ Health and Education facilities such as classrooms, libraries, and medical
equipment.
●​ Drinking Water and Sanitation projects including borewells and water
purification systems.
●​ Natural Calamities: Funds can be used for disaster relief and rehabilitation.

93
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Special provisions for Scheduled Castes (SCs)/ Scheduled Tribes (STs):

●​ At least 15% of the MPLADS entitlement should be recommended for the

year for areas inhabited by SC population and 7.5% for areas inhabited by
STs population
●​ At least 7.5% of the MPLADS entitlement should be recommended for the
year for areas inhabited by ST population.
●​ All citizens have the right to information on any aspect of the MPLAD
Scheme

7.​ Project Dantak

Objective: Construction of pioneering motorable roads.

Ministry: Ministry of Defence.

Salient Features:
●​ Project Dantak was established in 1961 by the Border Road Organisation
(BRO)
●​ Task: To construct the pioneering motorable roads in Bhutan.
●​ Notable projects: construction of Paro Airport, Thimphu – Trashigang
Highway, Telecommunication & Hydro Power Infrastructure,Sherubtse
college.
●​ BRO was formed in 1960 to develop and maintain road networks in India's
border areas and friendly neighboring countries.
●​ It functions under the control of the Ministry of Defence (since 2015).
●​ Recently, Project DANTAK which is one of the oldest Projects of the Border
Roads Organisation (BRO) commemorated its Diamond Jubilee in Bhutan.

8.​ Bharat Emart

Objective: It will provide facility of pick-up of consignments from premises of

traders and will ensure delivery at the doorsteps of consignees across the country.

Ministry: Ministry of Communications.

94
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Salient Features:
●​ Logistics support: To small traders which would increase their businesses
and also the opportunities for employment.
●​ The platform has around 8 crore traders registered under it.
●​ Recently, India Post signed an MoU with Confederation of All India Traders
(CAIT) and Tripta Technologies to facilitate operationalisation of Bharat EMart
portal.

9.​ Sanchar Saathi Portal

Objective: Through this portal, people will be able to block, track and check
genuineness of a used device before buying them.

Ministry: Ministry of Communications.

Salient Features:
●​ Portal, developed by the Department of Telecom, will enable citizens with
the following three modules:
○​ Centralized Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) for
tracing/blocking of lost/stolen mobile devices.
■​ Enables tracing and blocking of lost/stolen mobile devices.
■​ Ensures that lost/stolen devices cannot be used in India.
■​ Requires mobile number, IMEI number, and purchase invoice
for reporting a lost/stolen phone.
■​ The CEIR system is set to be launched nationwide.
●​ Know Your Mobile to check the number of mobile connections taken in a
subscriber’s name.
●​ ASTR (Artificial Intelligence and Facial Recognition powered Solution for
Telecom SIM Subscriber Verification): to identify fraudulent subscribers.

95
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

10.​ Digital India Programme

Objective:
●​ To transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge
economy.
●​ To ensure digital access, digital inclusion, digital empowerment and bridge
the digital divide.
●​ To ensure that Government services are available to citizens electronically.

Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and IT.

Salient Features:
●​ To transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge
economy.
●​ Implementation: By the entire Government with overall coordination by the
MeiTY
●​ Key agencies enabling DI initiatives: Some of them include:
1.​ Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA)
2.​ Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
3.​ Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS)
4.​ Common Services Center (CSC)
5.​ Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)
●​ Some of the Key initiatives: Aadhar, Common Service Centres (CSCs), Digi
Locker, Digi Sevak, Bharat Broadband Network Limited, CERT-In, Centre of
Excellence for IoT, Cyber Swachhta Kendra etc.
●​ Nine Pillars of Digital India:

96
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

11.​ Production Linked Incentive 2.0 For It Hardware

Objective: Through financial incentives boost domestic manufacturing and attract

large investments in the value chain.

Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and IT.

Type: Central Sector Scheme
Salient Features:
●​ Project Management Agency: Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)
●​ Incentives: Around 5% on net incremental sales over base year.
●​ Eligible Product: Goods manufactured in India and covered under target
segment. Incentive shall be given on the sales of Target Segment Goods.
●​ The government recently approved 27 manufacturers under the PLI Scheme –
2.0 For IT Hardware.
●​ Target Segment
○​ Laptops
○​ Tablets
○​ All in-One PCs Servers
○​ Ultra Small Form Factor (USFF)
○​ Semiconductor design, IC manufacturing, and packaging are included
as incentivized components of PLI 2.0
●​ 3 category of applicants
1.​ Global companies
2.​ Hybrid (global/domestic) companies
3.​ Domestic companies.
●​ Monitoring: Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS) chaired by the Cabinet
Secretary.

97
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

12.​ Cyber Surakshit Bharat (CSB)

Objective: It aims to spread awareness about cyber-crime and build capacities of

Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) and frontline IT officials, across all
government departments.

Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and IT.

Salient Features:
●​ Create awareness on the emerging landscape of cyber threats.
●​ Provide in-depth understanding of related solutions.
●​ Applicable frameworks, guidelines & policies related to cyber security.
●​ Share best practices to learn from success & failures.
●​ Provide key inputs to take informed decisions on Cyber Security related
issues in their respective functional area.

13.​ Prithvi Vigyan (Prithavi)

Objective: Holistically address all the aspects relating to Earth System Science.

Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Salient Features:
●​ Earth System Sciences deal with all the five components of the earth system
(atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere) and their
complex interactions.
●​ Components: Encompasses five ongoing subschemes:
1.​ Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems &
Services (ACROSS): For R&D of dynamical models and providing the
forecast services.
2.​ Ocean Services, Modelling Application, Resources and
Technology (O-SMART): For technology development for oceanic
applications, services (forecast and advisories) and R&D activities in
the marine and coastal environment.
3.​ Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER): Comprising the
Antarctic program, Indian Arctic program, Southern Ocean program

98
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
and Cryosphere and Climate program.
4.​ Seismology and Geosciences (SAGE): Encompasses 6 activities
including Seismological monitoring and micro-zonation, and Setting
up a facility for geochronology.
5.​ Research, Education, Training and Outreach (REACHOUT):
Incorporating R&D in Earth System Science (RDESS), developing
Skilled manpower in Earth System Sciences, etc.

14.​ Parvatmala Pariyojana (National Ropeways Development

Mission)

Objective: Aims to develop ropeway projects that seamlessly integrate with

existing transportation networks, enhancing last-mile connectivity in remote and
challenging terrains.

Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Salient Features:
●​ The aim is to improve connectivity and convenience for commuters, besides
promoting tourism.
●​ This may also cover congested urban areas, where conventional mass
transit systems are not feasible.
●​ This initiative aims to spend ₹1,250 billion (US$15 billion) in public-private
partnership (PPP) mode over five years until 2030.
●​ Awarded Projects: The ministry awarded the Bijli Mahadev Ropeway
project in Himachal Pradesh and the Dhosi Hill Ropeway project in
Haryana.
●​ Collaboration: National Highways Logistics Management signed an MoU
with IIT Roorkee to create a center of excellence for ropeways and other
innovative mobility systems.

Significance of Ropeways in India

●​ Geographical Advantage: With 30% of India covered by mountains,
ropeways are a practical solution for transportation, offering lower costs
and higher return on investment (ROI).

99
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

●​ First Ropeway: The Rajgir Ropeway in Bihar, a 333m-long chairlift

ropeway built in the 1960s, is India’s first ropeway.
●​ Longest Ropeways: As of 2024, the Auli Ropeway in Uttarakhand is
India’s longest at 4 km, and the under-construction Mussoorie-Dehradun
Ropeway will be the longest in India upon completion at 5.5 km.
●​ Urban Ropeway: The Kashi Ropeway is India’s first urban ropeway and
the world’s third urban public transport ropeway.

15.​ Supreme Programme (Support For Up-Gradation

Preventive Repair & Maintenance Of Equipment)

Objective: It is a first-of-its-kind program to provide financial support for repair/

upgradation/ maintenance/ retrofitting or acquiring additional attachments to
increase functional capabilities of existing Analytical Instrumentation Facilities
(AIFs).

Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology.

Salient Features:
●​ Funding pattern: 75:25 for all private and government owned institutions
except for state funded institutions which will get 100% funding.
●​ Support: upto 3 years.
●​ Analytical Instruments are vital for pursuing research through sample analysis
in many areas of modern science and technology.

16.​ Vaishvik Bhartiya Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) Fellowship

Context: This strategic initiative aims to foster short-term collaborations with

Indian-origin scientists based abroad to enhance scientific research and innovation
in India.

Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Science and

Technology.

100
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Salient Features:
●​ It aims to connect the Indian STEMM diaspora with Indian academic and R&D
institutions for collaborative research, facilitating the exchange of knowledge,
wisdom, and best practices in frontier areas of science and technology.
●​ The VAIBHAV Fellow would identify an Indian Institution for collaboration and
may spend up to two months annually over three years.
●​ Incentives Offered:
1.​ Fellows receive ₹4,00,000 per month, travel, accommodation, and
contingencies.
2.​ Host institutions receive research grants.
●​ Eligibility: Would be awarded to outstanding scientist/technologists of Indian
origin (NRI/OCI/ PIO) who are engaged in research activities in their
respective countries.

17.​ PM-MITRA (PM Mega Integrated Textile Sector And

Apparel)

Objective: It aspires to fulfil the vision of building an Aatmanirbhar Bharat and to

position India strongly on the Global textiles map.

Ministry: Ministry of Textiles.

Salient Features:

●​ Inspired by the 5F vision of Hon'ble Prime Minister - Farm to Fibre to Factory

to Fashion to Foreign.
●​ PM MITRA Parks will offer an opportunity to create an integrated textiles
value chain at one location, covering spinning, weaving, processing, dyeing,
printing, and garment manufacturing.
●​ Integrated Textile Value chain at one location will reduce logistics cost of
Industry
●​ Employment generation: ~1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect employment per
park
●​ Selection of PM MITRA Parks: Challenge Method based on objective
criteria.

101
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
●​ State proposals: Must offer 1,000+ acres of encumbrance-free land with
textile-related infrastructure.

Conclusion: PM MITRA Textile Park was launched in Amravati, Maharashtra, to

develop world-class industrial infrastructure, attract large-scale investments,
including FDI, and promote innovation and job creation in the textile sector.

18.​ Samrath Scheme

Objective:
●​ To provide demand driven, placement oriented National Skills
Qualifications Framework (NSQF) compliant skilling programmes to
supplement the efforts of the industry in creating jobs in the organized
textile and related sectors.
●​ To promote skilling and skill upgradation in the traditional sectors of
handlooms, handicrafts, sericulture and jute.
●​ To enable provision of sustainable livelihood either by wage or self
employment to all sections of the society across the country.

Ministry: Ministry of Textiles.

Salient Features:
●​ Genesis: Samarth was launched in continuation to Scheme for Capacity
Building in Textile Sector (SCBTS) that lasted for a period of three years from
2017-18 to 2019-20.
●​ Implementing Agencies: Institutions/Organization of the Ministry of
Textiles/State Governments, Reputed training institutions/ NGOs/ Societies/
Trusts/ Organizations/ Companies /Startups / Entrepreneurs active in textile
sector, etc.

102
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

19.​ Indian Handmade Portal

Objective: A virtual store for authentic Indian handlooms & handicrafts, directly
connecting artisans and weavers with buyers.

Ministry: Ministry of Textiles.

Salient Features:
●​ Entrepreneurship: Provide an opportunity to a total 62 Lakh weavers and
artisans to become future e-entrepreneurs. ​
●​ Eliminating middlemen: It’ll provide products from more than 35 Lakh
Handloom weavers & 27 Lakh Handicraft artisans directly to consumers.
●​ Wide Product Range: Offers clothing, home décor, jewelry, accessories, and
more through the IndiaHandmade portal.
●​ Traditional Craftsmanship: Showcases authentic handloom (manually
woven fabric) and handicrafts (artisan-made traditional items).

20.​ Mission For Cotton Productivity

Objective: Scheme aims to rejuvenate India’s traditional textile sector.

Ministry: Ministry of Textiles.

Salient Features:
●​ An ambitious Rs 500 crore five-year plan to boost cotton production
●​ Promote extra-long staple cotton varieties: India has no surplus in cotton
and its yield at 450-kilogram per hectare is one of the lowest, against a global
average of 800-kilogram plus.
●​ The best science & technology support will be provided to farmers.
●​ Aligned with an integrated 5F vision for the textile sector,
1.​ Increasing incomes of the farmers,
2.​ Ensure a steady supply of quality cotton for rejuvenating India’s
traditional textile sector.
●​ Five-year, time-bound mission, driven by advanced technology and
scientific support.

103
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

21.​ Agnipath Scheme

Objective:
●​ Infuse youthful and dynamic soldiers into the armed forces.
●​ Reduce the average age profile of the military to ensure better combat
readiness.
●​ Provide short-term military service as a career option for young Indians.

Ministry: Ministry of Defence

Salient Feature:
Recruitment features:
●​ Candidates between 17.5 to 21 years are eligible.
●​ Recruits, known as Agniveers, serve for 4 years.
●​ Approximately 45,000 to 50,000 Agniveers are recruited annually
Permanent Absorption:
●​ After 4 years, up to 25% of Agniveers may be absorbed into the regular
cadre of the Armed Forces based on merit, willingness, and medical
fitness.
●​ The remaining 75% will be demobilized with a comprehensive exit package.
Financial Package and Benefits:
●​ Monthly Salary Structure: 1st Year: ₹30,000 per month (with an in-hand
salary of ₹21,000 after deductions).4th Year: ₹40,000 per month.
●​ Seva Nidhi Package: A tax-free one-time payment of approximately ₹11.71
lakh after 4 years, including interest.
●​ Insurance and Other Benefits: Life Insurance cover of ₹48 lakh during the
service period.
●​ Skill Certification and Training: Agniveers receive skill certificates and
diplomas based on the training and experience gained. Priority in recruitment
for Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), state police, and other
government services.

104
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

22.​ PM Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises

(PMFME)

Objective: The scheme was launched under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
with the aim to enhance the competitiveness of existing individual
micro-enterprises in the unorganized segment of the food processing industry and
promote formalization of the sector.

Ministry: Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MoFPI)

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Salient Feature:
●​ One District One Product (ODOP) approach: To promote the local
products in the food processing sector and to reap the benefit of scale in
terms of procurement of inputs, availing common services and marketing of
products.
●​ Support in the form of(for entire value chain):
1.​ Food processing entrepreneurs through credit-linked capital subsidy
@35% of the eligible project cost with a maximum ceiling of Rs.10
lakh per unit.
2.​ Seed capital @ Rs. 40,000/- per SHG member for working capital and
purchase of small tools.
3.​ Credit linked a grant of 35% for capital investment to FPOs/
SHGs/ producer cooperatives.
4.​ Marketing & branding to micro-units.
5.​ Common infrastructure and handholding support to SHGs, FPOs and
Producer Cooperatives.
6.​ Capacity building and training support to increase the capabilities of
the enterprises and upgradation of skills of workers.

105
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Space for Your Notes

106
https://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+que
stions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magaz
inehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+q
uestions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Mag
azinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All
+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-M
agazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=
All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes
-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filte
r=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schem
es-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&fi
lter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Sche
mes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all
&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Sc
hemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=
all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-
Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&ye
ar=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Governme
nt-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&
year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Govern
ment-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics
=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Gove
rnment-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topi
cs=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Go
vernment-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&to
pics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=
Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subjects
&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaig
n=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Subje
cts&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_camp
aign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+Su
bjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_ca
mpaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=All+
Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&utm_
campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject=A
ll+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&ut
m_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subject
=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banner&
utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?subje
ct=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=banne
r&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq?su
bject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=ba
nner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/pyq
?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_medium=
banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.com/p
yq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_mediu
m=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazinehttps://dashboard.superkalam.co
m/pyq?subject=All+Subjects&topics=&year=all&filter=All+questions&utm_source=PDF&utm_m
edium=banner&utm_campaign=Government-Schemes-Magazine

107
https://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcq
s-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazin
e---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2
025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://supe
rkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-ans
wers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---downloa
d-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-
affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/
blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-m
orehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-m
cqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magaz
ine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-
2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://sup
erkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-an
swers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---downlo
ad-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current
-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com
/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-m
orehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-m
cqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magaz
ine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-
2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://sup
erkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-an
swers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---downlo
ad-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current
-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com
/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-m
orehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-m
cqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magaz
ine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-
2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://sup
erkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-an
swers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---downlo
ad-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current
-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com
/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-m
orehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-m
cqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magaz
ine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-
2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://sup
erkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-an
swers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---downlo
ad-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current
-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com
/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-m
orehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magazine---download-practice-m
cqs-mains-answers-and-morehttps://superkalam.com/blog/january-2025-current-affairs-magaz
ine---download-practice-mcqs-mains-answers-and-more

108