►

C'l
::,0

Mi lief
nC
S.. ii 'lilrtPr h:I oJ'J.r ti OiPcHIIIPr
-..ct If lillNllulill • Allicatlrf 1· KNnf m, ndl rtq111res ~II latn,rt.-,n•tllllllfwill ~
DII MnlPSII.>• ii ~ r f r a A,ri ll Ja,
i.t~ .... MIIJ, JlfA, trMD . . aastn.
• UadPr &l~hla. awjarty •fttr 1'990, thf f•111Wrs
ii :--. bm .... PJINISP• to IIPW ch.U.PnlfS •n• task.
i tfmpmture, (•bm 25"C) ... h11h IIIIMlty
with •nnaal r•1nf.U ~ow 100 m .
wmn••~uwtnt ..
..
tllt timt t( nprllffll. Hl'fClim 50 II 7S CII
C
,0

Grown in tllf jia111S tf north ., ,mslWI r.uifA "'IQ mtrihtrll Mr

""
• ~ tf ••ior ~ricutture commoditifs ha'i'P bern llbmlilf ~ .
• led to introduction of hi&h-yiridi112 variPties of crops. .· . •n• north-rast,m l1d1•, mstal tl1t tmrilt sum. n.,1-pmlldla stltfSm
GrlB d~.:rt.. EIISW ~· L •re•s :n• the dPll•ic re&ions. hnj... NMJW, DttM' ,rid,n, IN',
ii ~rut ~•tw c:.tJJ • R~I~ ,.,ts et I I ~ P'l'dfsb.
tiPSf m uwstH ia StptPur-&ttwr,
i.t~ ,-.Y. rau. ;..._ ~i. tlr (~). IIGGIL Mlltts ,.,
. . catta, jm, tl'llllldut iN SIJ. . .. Jowar, bajra and ra2i are the important
Food Crops I millets. Rain-fed crops mostly grown in tflP
11.;er ,-s,s ~t ilfP 1111111 ii
l.~ist ~as which hanly need irri&•tion. hid" MP fir (a,v), • •·
z.. ~ ropp_!!ig Pattern ..... ..ur, ,r.s - tr~-
Grna wtwP!a tw rim tilt kharif stasoos,
c:f
i.P~ ,r.trrataa, IIIIISimelGII and CtlCUmber. ( m
M
~ Kharif crop which requires tempmture 6rns writ illt r . : t.,14 d:lwlP
. · c~ I between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in aid with a lf•11mlulf tf 2l"C II 2T'C _, .a
PrililiP s+. !Mt F. • ~ MaJor rops I alluvial so~. Use of modem inputs such as
Pixtist• 11 smal patches ; : ,with Types of Farming anntwl r•m.U. wtwH1 75 c■ • 100 cm.
HYV seeds, fert~isers and irrigation have nPPlls 11anN laboar frllll $Nftl II Nf'IIPStiJia
tw ~ If primitive tools likP hoe, dao and contributed to the increasin& production. '-
diuint sticks, and famly/commonity labour.
It is a 'slash and born' agriculture.
lliSfris
lllmill-SlmisltaF. .
l Main oil seeds produced in lndii are f.11Undllat,
labour intensive fanning, where•hffloses of Agriculture I mustard, coconut, sesamum (00, soy•be.n, castw s.p,S.
biochemical inputs and irrigation are used L cotton seeds, linseed and sunllntr.
for obtaining higher production.
~
lfa
Tea plant 2rows well in tropical and I Arabica
,nty is
ff c:...rca F. • 1 'f
I
~
' Use of bi&ber doses of inputs,":i:i sub-tropical climatfs, dPep iniren••~
e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, Horticullure Crops and fertile well-drained soi, rich in .ilowrtwwrti
Horticulture is the science and art of
chemical fertiisers, insecticides and pesticides growing plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers and humus and organic matter, bushfs c.tiw•tioa is cufilfll ta
in order to obtain higher productivity. Plantation any other cultivar). India is the largest producer of require warm and moist frost-free twNqiriil~
is also a type of commercial fanning. fruits and vegetables in the world. climate all thro11&h the year. ~ r~a41-Na
India is a producer of tropical as well Non-Food Crops
as temperate fruits.
Teclmalagicat and Institutional Reforms "-~-------
- -- -- : , .' - ~
1 , '
C ollectivisation.~ dation of holdings, c;,;eration and abolition of zamindari, etc. Jute Cottoa
-- ......
were &iven priority after Independence. Provision for crop insurance against drought, Grows well on well-drained fertile soils Cotton grows well in drier Equatorial crop, livt .i.s. 1nw
flaod, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies I in the flood plains where soils are parts of the black cotton soil of the in tropical •nd sai-lrlfiU .ens.
and banks for providing loan facilities. renewed every year. West Bengal, Bihar, Deccan plateau, requires high temperature, Requires moist • ~ - dJIMt
Assam, 0disha and Meghalaya are the light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days witll r•inf.il If lllllf h 211G ca.
major producers. Jute is considered and bright sun-shine. •nd tfmfl'r•turt aMW ?ff.
J r.J< I t I• t \. j ' r1 Lf \. 1. q l j;7 as fibre crop. Cotton is considered as fibre crop.
• Second Level • Third Level
~
(•~ d ~ ~ "" "->
--0
 - -•--. .,_._...

Bi:JDllll ~~ -~:~Ii[·
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..

AGRICULTURE

Syllabus
,.. Types of Farming
, Cropping Pattern
, Major Crops
, Technological and Institutional Reforms
, Impact of Globalization on Agriculture

Trend Analysis
2018 2019 2020
List of Concepts Outside Delhi Outside Delhi Outside Delhi
Delhi Delhi Delhi
Types of Farming, Cropping Pat- lQ ., Q
. - -
tern and Major Crops (3 Marks) (1 Mark)
Technological and Institutional lQ lQ
Reforms, Impact of Globalization (5 Marks)
- - - (5 Marks)

WJ:rn ~(;fl)a,,ftafil ~ ~ f i l l E l ~ ~
TOPIC 1
ea Revision Notes
Types of Farming,
Cropping Pattern and
India an Agricultural Country Major Crops Page No. 130
>- Two-thirds of India's population is engaged in agricultural activities. Hence,
agriculture is the primary occupation of the people in India.
),, Since agriculture is an age-old economic activity in India, farming varies from
subsistence to commercial type. Technological and
Types of Farming System Practiced Institutional Reforms
Page No.137
>' At present, in different parts of India, the following farming systems are
practised:
,AGRICULTURE

• Primitive
. . . Subsistence Farming.. It is
· practised
.
. on small patches of Ian d wit· h th e h eIP Scan to know
of ~~trutive too~s like hoe, dao and digging sticks. It depends upon monsoon, natural more about
fertility of.the soil and availability of other environmental conditions suitable to the crops thl, topic
grown: It 1s also.called 'slash and burn agriculture'.
• Intensive
ul ti Subsistence
U d . Farming: This typ e of fartrung . .
1s practi' sed in areas of high
pop a on. n ~r _this type of farming, high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation
are used for obtauung higher production.
• Commercial Far~ng: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher Agriculture
~oses. o_f modern m~~ts, e:g., high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers,
msectiades and pestiades m order to obtain higher productivity. The main purpose of .
thi~ type of farming is to earn profit by selling the product. The amount of c~~ercialis ation of farnung
vanes from one area to another, depending on climatic conditions, irrigation facilities and other factors.
Types of Farming

i i i
Primitive Subsistence Intensive Subsistence Commerical Forming
(Slash and burn Agriculture)
.i
Fertilisers or other
!
High doses of
!
Higher doses of
modern inputs not used biochemical inputs modern inputs like
and irrigation used HYV seeds, chemical
fetilisers, etc. used.
Cropping Seasons in India:
(i) Rabi season: It starts with the beginning of winter and continues until the beginning of summer (October-
December to April-June). The rabi crops include wheat, barley, gram and oil seeds. The crops are grown
either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground or using irrigation. These crops are mainly grown
in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, etc.
(ii) Kharif season: It starts with the onset of the monsoon and continues until the beginning of winter Gune-July
to September-October). The kharif crops include rice, maize, millets, cotton, jute, groundnut, moong, urad,
etc. Unlike Rabi crops, Kharif crops require good rainfall. The output of these crops depends upon the time
and amount of rainwater. These crops are mainly grown in Assam, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, coastal regions of Odisha, Kerala and Maharashtra.
(iii) Zaid season: This is a short crop season in between the rabi and the kharif season. Crops like watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber, some vegetables and fodder crops are the major crops of this season.
Major Crops, Pulses and Millets grown in India:
► Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton,
and jute.
► Major pulses that are grown in India are tur (arhar), urad, moong, peas and gram.
► Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. Though these are known as coarse grains, they
have
very high nutritional value. For example, ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micro-nutrie nts and roughage.
► Oil Seeds : India is the largest producer of oil seeds in the world. Main oil seeds produced in India are groundnut,
mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.
► Most of these are edible and used as cooking mediums.
► Horticulture and Sericulture: Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers
and any other cultivar). India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India is a producer of
tropical as well as temperate fruits.
► India produces about 13 % of the world's vegetables. It is an important producer of peas, cauliflower, onion,
cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato.
► The non-food crops grown in India are rubber; fibre crops like, cotton, jute, hemp, natural silk, etc.
► Jute is known as the golden fibre. Due to its high cost, it is losing market to synthetic fibres and packing materials,
particularly the nylon.
► Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silk worms to produce silk.

~ Know the Terms

► Agriculture: Agriculture is the cultivation and b~eeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fibre, biofuel,
medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.
 132 ]
Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class - )(

► =~tive_Subsistence Farming: Primitive Subsistence farming is the type of farming_ that is done 0
~ a small Patch
► In an~ Wlth the help of primitive tools such as hoe, dao and digging sticks and family or comn_mmty labour.
scien . . sub sistence
tensive · .
Farming: Intensive subsistenc e farmmg• 1s· the typ f farming that 1s done by us·
e~ .
► Co tific ~ ethods and better agricultural inputs in order to increase in the agncultural productio tng
n. .
~ercia l Farming: Commercial farming is the type of farming in which the farmer grows the crops
sole aun of llin With the
► Plant . se ?
the produce for commercial purpose. . . . .
ation Farnung: Plantation farming is a form of commeraal farmmg where a single crop is grown
large area. over a
► Jhu~ g: Jhumming or Jhum cultivation, also known as the "slash and burn agriculture", is the_ type
of farming
wherem a patch of land is first prepared for cultivation by clearing the land of trees and vegetatio nd
n a burning
them thereafter.
► Millets: Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal
► crops or coarse grains. Jowar, bajra and ragi are called millets.
Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is the planned cultivation of different types of crops on the same piece
of land in a
precise sequential order that matches the sequence of seasons.

.., Shor t Answer Type Questions

IBll Q. 1. Describe any three main features of 'Rabi crop Ans. The two main cropping seasons are Rabi and Kharif.
season'. [Q] [Delhi Set-I, II & Ill, 2019) (i) Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to
Ans. Main features of 'Rabi Crop Season': December and harvested in summer from April to June.
(a) Rabi crops are sown in Winter season from (ii) Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon
October to December. in different parts of the country and harvested in
(b) Harvested in Summer from April to June. September-October.
(c) Important Rabi crops are Wheat, Barley, Peas, 1 +2 = 3
Gram and Mustard.
(d) Availability of precipitation during winter
COMMONLY MADE ERROR
months due to western temperate cyclones helps
in the success of these crops. :> The students get confused between Rabi and
(e) Any other relevant point.
Kharif seasons.
(Any three points to be described)
{CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019) 3
IBl) Q. 2. Describe any three main features of 'Kharif crop ANSWERING TIP
season.' [Q] [Delhi Set-I, II & III, 2019]
Ans. Features of 'Kharif Crop Season': :> Best way to avoid the confusion is by relating
(a) Grown with the onset of monsoon in different
Rabi with Cold as both are four letter words
parts of the country.
and Kharif with Summer as both are six letter
(b) Harvested in September-October.
words. This will make the comprehension easy.
(c) Importan t Kharif crops are Paddy, Maize, Jowar,
Bajra, Tur (arhar), etc.
!MIQ. 4. Why the pulses are mostly grown in rotation
(d) Any other relevant point. with other crops? Name any two major pulse
(Any three points to be described) producing states? [QI
{CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019) 3 Ans. Cultivation of pulses requires following
geographical conditions:
COMM ONLY MADE ERROR (i) Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry
-- --- -- -
conditions.
~ Very few student s have written correct names (ii) Being leguminous crops, all these crops help in restoring
soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air .
of Kharif crops.
Major pulses producing states in India are :
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. 2+ 1 =3

COMM ONLY MADE ERROR

-- --- - - - - -
~ Months of Kh ar if Crops are confused with Rabi
cro ps.
:> Climatic conditions are not written clearly, even
names of states are confused with names of
fl}"fl Which are the two main ~ropping seasons. in pulses like moong, urad etc.
IDil Q. 3·di 7 Mention their growing and harvesting
ln . ad [!J [Board Term-I, 2015]
peno s.
 AGRICULTURE
[ 133
,
(i) They are used as a cooking medium as most of
ANSWERING TIP them are edible. For example, groundnut oil
sunflower oil, coconut oil, etc.
:> Climatic conditions should be mentioned (ii) They are used as raw material. For example,
properly. oil seeds are important raw materials for the
production of soap, cosmetics, ointments, etc.
(b) Gujarat is the largest producer of groundnut in
India. Other states are Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,
lBll Q. 5. Describe the uses of oil seeds, which state is the Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
largest producer of groundnut? IA]+[B) Maharashtra, West Bengal and Telangana.
Ans. (a) Oil seeds usually have two main uses : 2+ 1=3
- - - --

~ Long Answer Type Questions 5 marks each

Q. 1. Why is agriculture called the backbone of Indian (ii) This type of farming depends upon Monsoons,
economy ? Explain. [QI [Delhi, Set I, 2020) natural fertility of soil and environmental
suitability.
Ans. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian (iii) It is a ' slash and burn' agriculture. Farmers
economy because: clear a patch of land and produce crops for their
(i) In India, about 52% people were engaged in sustenance.
agriculture sector in 2010-2011. (iv) When the soil fertility decreases, farmers shift to
(ii) It provides raw materials to industries. new area, clear forest by burning and again sow
(iii) It helps earn foreign exchange for the country crops.
through export of agricultural produce. (v) This type of agriculture is self-sufficient and
(iv) The agricultural sector contributes almost one- farmers only grow food for themselves and their
third of our GDP.
families.
(v) The sector also provides food for our teeming
population. (1X5=5) 1M) Q. 4. Name the two major beverage crops grown in
India. Describe their growing areas.
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020)
[Q]+[B)+[Aj [OD Set-I, 2019]
Q. 2. Explain any five features of plantation farming.
IA] [Delhi Set II, 2020) Ans. Two major beverage crops : Tea and coffee.
Ans. Some characteristics of plantation agriculture are: Tea growing areas : Assam , West Bengal, Tamil
(i) It is a commercial form of agriculture. Nadu and Kerala.
(ii) A single crop is grown over large area. Coffee producing states: Karnataka, Kerala and
(iii) It is capital intensive and done with migrant TamilNadu.
labour.
(iv) Entire produce is used as raw material in (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019) 5
indus tries such as tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, Detailed Answer :
banana, etc. Tea and coffee are the two major beverage crops
(v) Plantation agriculture has an interface of grown in India.
agriculture and industry both. 1 +4=5 (a) Tea:
IBl} Q. 3. Explain any four features of primitive (i) An example of plantation agriculture, an important
subsistence agriculture in India. beverage crop introduced in India by the British.
IA] (Delhi Set III, 2020) (ii) Grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates
Ans. Features of primitive subsistence agriculture in endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil,
India are: rich in humus and organic matter.
(i) It is practised on small patches _of land. .. (iii) Requires warm and moist frost-free climate,
(ii) Tools used in this kind of farrrung are traditional frequent showers evenly distributed over the year.
tools such as hoe, dao and digging stick. (iv) A labour intensive industry, requires abundant
(iii) This type of agriculture is completely dependent
cheap and skilled labour.
on monsoon. (v) Major producing states are Assam, West Bengal,
(iv) When soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift to
Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal
another plot of land. l¼X4=5
Only few crops are raised. The m~ croi:s grown Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra
maize or corn, cassava or rnaruoc, millet, and Pradesh and 'llipura are also tea-producing states
(1X5=5) in the country.
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020) (vi) India is the leading producer as well as exporter of
Detailed Answer: tea in the world.
(i) This type of farming is practised on small patches (b) Coffee:
of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, (i) India produces about four per cent of the world's
dao and digging sticks and family labour. total coffee.
•
134 ] Oswaal CBSE Question Ban k Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Class_)(
.__

(ii) The Arabica variety produ ced in the count ry

is in Ans. The main cereal crops : Rice & Wheat
great dema nd all over the world. Conditions for growing rice :
(iii) It is mainly cultivated in I<amataka, I<erala (i) High tempe rature above 'lS'C.
and
Tami lNadu . (ii) High humidity with annua l rainfall above 100 ems.
(iii) Impo rtant Kharif crop.
COMMONLY MADE ERROR Conditions for growing wheat :
(i) Rainfall 50-75 ems.
:> Students have written names of Assam and (ii) Low tempe rature with brigh t sunsh ine.
West Bengal in coffee growing states. (iii) Impo rtant Rabi crop.
(Any other relevant point)
ANS WER ING TIP (CBSE Marking Scheme 201'1) s
Deutled Answer :
Rice and wheat ue the two most important cereal
:> Tamil Nadu and Kerala are common states for
crops grown in India .
both tea and coffee growing areas in India
(1) Rice : Tht<; crop l<; grow n wl.'.'ll in hot and moist
IBil Q. 5. Name any two major fibre cropr. grown in India . d m tc The geographical condition,; rcqllll'ed for
nee culti, ation a~
Describe the conditions required to grow the~
• Temp uatu~ : 16 C - 2rC and ramfall 100 cm
two crops. A + R 100 Sct-11, 21J19] to 200 cm ~ ideal for nee growmg But ramfall
Ans. 1.wo fibre crops - cotton and jute. dunn g han ~t bme 1, harmful .\nnu al coverage
tcm~ aturc aroun d U''C i, ideal
Cotton : Black ~ii, high tempe rature, light
• Soil : Ri<'e ,, ~rm,n YtCll on the o11luvial c;oi} or on
rainfall, clear sky
the fcrt1lc mer b.).,,ns It 1., also gro" nm mixed ,oU
Jute : Well- drain ed fertile soil, high tempe rature or loam, and cl.ire) 5011
(Any other relevant point) • Land Mam Lind., or senile slopes arc ,;u1t;il'ile for
(( Hl.iE ~hrkin~ ~lhcm c l 1 S the J'f'Oductmn of nee Bcau sc stagn.mcy o( water
, mu~ for lhc n1h1,-nlion of nee
Detailed Answer :
rk-nh of chrap '4ibour 1s also r'-"lulrt'.d for the
Colton: pmductKln of nee I IY\' 5ttd!, plenty of chcm1r,1l
(i) Collo n grows well in drier parb of thl' \:>lad, cotton m.inun:, 1mgabon ,~att"T, cAn produce more nee.
soil of the Deccan platea u Iii) Whl'at : \\'hea t ts the ?rd most impo rtant
food
(ii) It requires high temperaturl.'.', light ramtall crop oi lnJ~ It tS the aop of tempe rate reg10n In
or
irrigation. India, 1t ts grown m wmte t It ts more depen dent
on climate than sotl The gcographtcal cond1tiom
(iii) It requires 210 frost-frl.'.'e day, and bright -.un,h
.ml' n"qUII\.>O for whea t cuhw ahon are menti
for its growt h. oned
belo,,
(iv) It is a khari f crop and require!> 6 to 8 mont h, • T,mpenture : \\hea t requires 14 to 18 C
to
matu re. h:mperature High tempe rature is harmf ul for the
Jute : culbv anon of ,, heat.
(i) Jute grow s well on well-drained fertile soils m • Ra.in.fall : 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required
the
flood plain s wher e soils are renew ed every year. for whea t cultl\atiOn In the pnma ry <;tage, cold
(ii) High temp eratu re is requi red durin g the time mobt ure nch climate and at the time of harvesting,
of bright hot climate is required.
grow th.
• Soil : Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil 1s ideal
for
whea t cultivation.
COM MO NLY MAD E ERROR
• Land : Plain lands or gentle slopes are ideal for
whea t culnv ation.
:> Jute is considered to be a Rabi crop. Plenty of labou r along with fertilizer, irrigation
facilities, HYV seeds like Heera, Moti, RR-8 I<alyan,
etc. and mecharuzed farming are good for wheat
ANS WE RIN G TIP produ ction. Uttar Prade sh is the largest producer
of whea t followed by Punjab, Harya na, Madhya
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Bihar.
:, ~ute and Cotton both are Kharif crops as they
both need high temperatures for cultivation. COM MON LY MAD E ERROR
Q. 6. Name the two most importa~t- cereal ci:ops
grow n in India. Desc ribt the conditions requa ed ~ Both crops are confused, Instead of Khanf tfOP
to grow these two crops. students have wntten Rabi crop, and ~n
A + R lOD Set•lll 201QJ rainfall and temperature 1s wrona
 RICULTURE [ 135
~

{fY) Jn lnten!!lvc eull 111Jh:nc. farming, farmers

prod1tre for their uwn comumpt,on wher a, in
wmmcrc:ial farming protluc,tlan i wt ly for the
:>Names of rice producing statet. and wheat
rnmmcrc ial purpose
Producing states should be written in answ (v) Jn lntem11ve su~isteno• farming, proo ng
l ~...::..---- - • er
Industries are not ascod,1ted wifli farm whete
S1J Q. 7, E~tablish Ute ~ifference between Commercial In commercial farming proc sing 1" d tr, sre
farming and Subsistence farming with the help of associated with pl,rnt<1tions.
asuitable example. U] ICB°'l l>tlhi ~ll I, Ol&J (vi) In Intensive subsistence farming, multiplP crop,
are grown whereas in commercral farming a
OR single crop is grown. .
Distinguish between primitive subsistence (vii) In intensive subsistence farming, la nd holdings
are small whereas in commewal farrmng land
farm.ing and commercial farming by stating five holdings are large.
paints of distinction. [Q) (viii) Any other relevant point. ,
Any five points of comparison to be mentioned
Ans, A. Commercial Farming lXS=S
(i) It is distinguished by use of higher doses of (CBSE ~ldrk ng Sch 1
modern inputs like High Yielding Variety
(HYV) seeds, fertilisers, farming tools, etc. COMMONLY MADE ERROR
(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture varies
from region to region.
(iii) It is characterized by a use of well-developed :> Some students have mixed points. They must
network of transport and communication. revise their answer.
(iv) Plantation is a type of commercial farming.
(v) High productivity is the first and the
foremost aim of commercial farming.
(vi) For example, Rice is a commercial crop in
Haryana and Punjab.
:> Students should w rite correct points of
comparison like labour, capital consumption in
B. Subsistence Farming
their answers.
(i) This type of farming is practiced on small
patches of land. Q 9. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute
(ii) Labour- intensive farming. industry in India. Explain any three objectives of
(iii) It is characterized by use of primitive tools. National Jute Policy.
(iv) This type of farming is entirely dependent
[Q] [Board Delhi Set I, II, III, ~017j
on monsoons.
(v) 'Slash and burn' agriculture is a type of Ans. Challenges faced by the jute industry:
primitive farming. • Stiff competition in the internation al market
(vi) Productivity in this type of farming is very from synthetic substitutes.
low. • To stimulate demand the products need to be
(vii) For example, rice is a subsistence crop in diversified.
Odisha. 2¼+ 2¼=5 • Stiff competition from other competitors like
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 20Jb) Bangladesh, Brazil etc.
Any other relevant poinl (Any two points to be
Q8. Compare 'intensive subsistence farming' with explained.)
Objective of National Jute Policy:
that of 'commercial farming' practiced in India.
• Increasing productivity
[Q] (Delhi & OD, 2018)
• Improving quality.
Ans. Comparison between 'Intensive Subsistence • Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers.
farming' and 'Commercial farming': • Enhancing the yield per hectare.
(i) In intensive subsistence farming, pressure • Any other relevant point'i.
of population on land is high wher~as in
(Any three) ( 2+3::;5)
commercial farming population pressure JS low.
(l flSF ,11 , , ,dh, e, .,Ol)
(ii) In intensive subsistence farming, labo~r
intensive farming is used whereas in commercJal Detailed Answer :
... farming mechanized form of f~rming is u~ed. Following are the challenges faced by jute
(Ui) In intensive subsistence farming, there JS l~w industries in India :
capital investment whereas ~ co~merc1al • Prices for jute textiles are so low that
farming high capital investment 1s reqwred. industrialists hesitate to set up these industries.
 . SOCIAL SCIENCE, Cla~
136 ] O&waal CB~L Ou11~t1on Ban~ CharitPrw1 e &
r,iµr " 1

• lntcrnahonal demand of JU!l! good5 i~ falling , utr i called the 'golden fibre' .
Ans.
<.harph which 1~ not an encouragement for (i) J h'
the,e mdu~tnc~. Geograp ica 1conditions suitable for production
of jute:
• Many countnes now prefer substitutes for
ju_te (a) Grows we II ·n the drained ferh.1e £01.1 of the
like pta.,tlc or synthetic fibres which reduces its I
flood plains where the wil is renewe d every
demand.
• Our jute mdu!>tnes face hard competition from year.
(b) High temperature is requ·ue d d unng · th ti
e me
Brazil, Thailand, Bangladesh and Egypt whose
producbon cost of jute textile is much lower of growth.
than of lndia . Uses of jute: Used to manufacture gunn y bags,
• As Jute exhausts soil fertility very fast and
mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and othe r artefacts.
also (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016) 1 + 2 + 2 = 5
because of its low profits, farmers now prefer to
cultivate alternative crops like rice. Detailed Answer
Jute is considered as the golden fibre. It is.
• The government has taken the following steps so called
to boost Jute production: because of its shiny brown colour.
.
• The government has made it comp ulsory in Geographical conditions suitable for prod uctio
the n
country to use jute packaging. of jute:
(i) Jute is a tropical plant and needs a hot and .
• In 2005, our government formulated hunud
the climate.
National Jute policy wtth the following aims :
(ii) It requires high temperature ranging betw
(a) To expand prod uctio n een 25°C
(b) To enhance quality and 35°C.
(iii) It grows well in regions of heavy rainfall,
(c) To provide good prices to the farmers say about
120 cm to 150 cm.
(d) To enhance yield per hectare
(iv) About 85 per cent relative humidity is
(iii) With the increased awareness about envir needed
onmental durin g the perio d of its grow th.
degradation, many state governments have also .
bann ed the use Social Scien ce of plastic bags and (v) Enough water is needed not only for grow
ing the
recommended jute or paper bags. jute crop but also for processing the fibre.
.
Q. 10. Name any four oil seeds produced (vi) Jute grows well in light sandy or clayey loam which
in India. is replenished annually through flood water.
Expl ain the importance of oil seeds in our day
to (vii) Cheap and adequate labour is needed for
day life. ]][Board Tenn-I, 2016-17] growing
and processing of jute.
Ans. (i) Groundnut Uses of Jute:
(ii) Mustard (i) To make sacks and cloth for wrap ping
bales of
(iii) Coconut cotton.
(iv) Sesamum (ii) To make Geotextiles.
{v) Soya bean, sunflower, etc. (iii) To make pulp and paper.
Importance of oil seeds: (iv) To make household products.
• Most of these seeds are edible in the form of oil. (v) To make non-woven textiles.
• These are used as raw material for Q. 12. What are millets? Give brief desc
manufacturing paihts, varnishes, soaps, ription of the
climatic conditions and producing states of
perfumes, etc., the
millets grown in India.
• Oil cake is used as cattle feed.
• Oil cake is also used as a fertiliser. B. [Board Term-I, 2016-17]
Ans. Millets are coarse grains. Jowar, bajra and
2¼ + 2¼ = 5 ragi
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016) are the important millets grown in India. They
have high nutritional value, for example, ragi
is
Detailed Answer: very rich in iron, calcium, other micro-nutrien
and roughage . ts
(i) Oil seed such as grou ndnuts are edible and
used as
food source. (i) Climatic conditions for jowa r-Ra infed
crop
(ii) Oil seeds are used in the manufacture of hous mostly grown in a moist area.
ehold
cooking fats. Examples include sunflower seeds States producing jowar-Maharashtra, Karnataka
. and Madhya Pradesh.
(iii) Some oil seeds also have medicinal value
and are (ii) Climatic conditions for bajr a-Gr ows
used in the man ufacture of medicines. in dry
(vi) Some oil seeds are also used in the manufactu and warm climate on sandy soils and shallow
re of black soil.
bio-fuels.
(v) Used as raw mate rial for manufacturing Sta~es producing bajra -Raj astha n, Maharashtra,
paints, Guiarat, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
varnishes, soap s, perfumes etc.
Q. 11. Which crop is known as the' golden fibre (iii) Climatic condition
'? Explain s for ragi -Gro ws well in the
any two geographical conditi~ns_essential for dry regio n on red, black , sandy and loamy soils.
the
cultivation of this crop. Mention its any four uses. States producing ragi- Tam il Nadu, Himachal
@+[Ql[Board Term-I, 2016-17] Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim. 1 + 4=5
(CBSE Marking Scheme 2016)
 [ 137
----_.:..--
a1cULTuU1R~E: . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~
Detailed Answer:. "d Ii ate·
(i) Rice grows best
in areas of warm, hum1 c m o '
b tw 20°c and 35 C
rice requires temperatures e een
and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or
irrigation facilities. .
(ii) Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic
areas which are renewed every year are ideal for
. .on. Soii s wi'th higher clay content are
. cultivati
nee
:) Maize, a cereal crop, on the other hand, millet . ul . ti. due to their better
preferred for its c tiva on
is a grass crop grown in warm countries whose
moisture retention capacity.
seed are harvested for food.

COMMONLY MAD E ERRO R

Q. 13, Explain any three geographical conditions
required for the growth of rice in India. How is
it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall? ~ The students think that rice can also be
Explain with examples. cultivated in dry fields.
[8] [Board Term-I, 2015)
Ans. (i) Three geographical conditions for the growth
of rice are:
ANSW ERIN G TIP
(a) It requires high temperature, (above 25°C).
(b) High annual rainfall (above 100 cm). ~ Rice requires abundant rainfall or good water
(c) High humidity supply through irrigation and flooded fiel~s
(ii) It is possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall during the earlier part of its growin g season in
with the help of irrigation, for example, in Punjab June-July, hence it cannot be cultivated in dry
and Haryana. 3+2=5
fields.
(CBSE Markin g Scheme , 2015)

0 TOPIC - 2
Technological and Institutional Reforms

Ei Revision Notes

Changing the Face of Indian Agriculture

► Agriculture, provides livelihood for more than 60% of populat
ion, needs some serious technical and institutional
reforms.
► Collectivisation, consolidation of holding, cooperation and
abolition of zamindari, etc, were given priority to
bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence.
► Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes
for farmers were introduced on the radio and
television.
Introduction of Various Policies and Reforms
► India's food security policy has a primary objective to ensure the availabi
lity of food grains to the common people
at an affordable price. It has enabled the poor to have access to the food.
al and small farmers.
► The Green Revolution promised improvement in the condition of margin
was initiated, which included both
► In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme
institutional and technical reforms .
, establishment of the Grameen
► Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease
at lower rates of interest were
banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers
some important steps in this direction.
two other schemes introduced
► l<isan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are the
by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.
hing the Indian Council
> The Government of India made concerted efforts to modernise agriculture by establis and animal breeding centres,
of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural univer~ities, ~eterinary services
of meteoro logy and weather forecast, etc.
horticulture development, research and development m the field
138 ] Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers,
SOCIA L SCIENC E, Class , )(
~
Proble ms Faced by Ute Farmers
► Today, Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from
international competition.
► The growth rate in agriculture is decelerating which
is an alarming situation.
► Subsidy on fertilisers is decreased leadin g to an increase in the
cost of production.
► Reduction in impor t duties on agricultural products has proved
detrim ental to agriculture in the country.
► Farmers are withdr awing their investm ent from agricul
ture causing a downfall in the ei;nployment in agriculture.
► In order to ensure the availability of food to all section
s of society, our govern ment carefully design ed a natiol\al
food security system. It consists of two compo nents- (a) buffer
stock and (b) public distrib ution system (PDS).
► The FCI procur es food grains from the farmer s at
the govern ment annou nced minim um suppo rt price (MSP).
► India' s food securi ty policy has a prima ry object
ive to ensure availa bility of food grains to the common
peopl e at an afford able price. It has enable d the poor to have
access to the food .
► The high MSP, subsidies in input and comm itted FCI
purcha ses have distort ed the croppi ng pattern . Wheat and
paddy crops are being grown more for the MSP they get. Punjab
and Harya na are the foremost exairtples. This
has also create d a serious imbalance in inter-crop parities.
► There has been a gradua l shift from cultivation
of food crops to cultivation of fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and
indust rial crops.
Impact of Globalization on Agricu lture
► Globalisation has expose d the Indian farmer
s to new challenges.
► Globalisation is an old pheno menon.
► It started at the time of colonisation.
► In the ninete enth centur y when Europ ean traders came to India,
during that time as well the Indian spices were
export ed to differe nt countr ies of the world and farmers of south
India were en~ou raged and enhan ced to grow
these crops.
► Till today it is one of the major items of export from India.
► Under globalisation, mostly after 1990, the farmers in India have
been expose d to new challenges and task.
► Despit e being an impor tant and major produ cer of rice, cotton
, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural
produ cts are not able to compe te with the develo ped countr
ies due to the highly subsid ised agricu lture in other
foreign countr ies.
► Geneti c engine ering is recogn ized as a power
ful supple ment in invent ing new hybrid varieties of seeds.
► Today organi c farmin g is much in vogue becaus
e it is practic ed withou t factory made chemicals such as fertilise
and pestici des. rs

► Indian farmer s should divers ify their croppi

ng patter n from cereals to high-v alue crops. This will increas
incom es and reduce enviro nment al degrad ation simultaneous e
ly.

Ei Know the Terms

► Irrigation: Irrigat ion means the action of applyi ng water to land to

supply
crops and o_ther plants with necessary
water. Irrigat ion in India includ es a netwo rk of major and
minor canals from Indian rivers, groun dwate r well-
based system s, tanks and other rainwa ter harves ting projec
ts for agricu ltural activities.
► JCAR: The Indian Counc il of Agricu ltural Resear
ch is an autono mous body respon sible for coordinating
agricu ltural educa tion and resear ch in India.
► Organic Farming: Organ ic farmin g is the type of farmin g
which avoids or largely exclud es the use of synthetically
comp ounde d fertilisers, pestici des, growt h regula tors,
geneti cally modif ied organi sms and livesto ck food
additi ves.
► Minimum Support Price (MSP): Minim um Suppo rt Price is the minim
um guaran teed price of a crop, fixed and
annou nced by the gover nment before the start of a croppi
ng season .
► Kisan Credit Card (KCC): A Kisan Credit Card (KCC) is a credit
delive ry mecha nism that is aimed at enabling
farme rs to have quick and timely access to afford able credit.
AGRICULlURE 1 11?
---
How is it doY\e OY\ the aREEN BOARD?
Q. D_esc~·ibc the impact of Step Ill: (i) Due to globc1lisr1tion
q1 obahsat1on on lndillr1
1:
agncu
· 1ture. the Indian farmers might have to
s0lution force much unstabl e prices for
these products fluctuated largely
Step . I: Since .colonial time s, In d ,an
'
on year-to-year basis. (ii) Export
,1gncu 1.ture. rs facing im pac t of
of major agriculture commoditie s
g Io b aIIsatI011. In the 19 th cen t ury,
have been liberalised. (iii) Major
European tra~ers came to India and
transformation took place with
ex ported Indian spies to different
t he introduction of high-yielding
parts of the world.
variet ies of crops.(iv) Innovation,
Step 11: In 1917, Indian farmers cou pled w ith investments in
revolted
_ in Champaran aga ·inst infrastructure , expansion of credit
being force~ t o grow indigo in place marketing and processing facilities
of food grams. Thus, globalisation led to a significant increase in the
has. had its
. b oons and banes f or use of modern inputs.
Ind ,an agriculture.

~ Short Answer Type Questions :fZ~-k-:~ ·

IBII Q.1. Enlistthevarious agriculture institutional reform (ii) Establishment of Grameen Banks, Cooperative
programmes introduced by the government in the Societies for providing loan facilities to farmers at
interest of farmers. [!] lower interest rates.
Ans. Various agricultural institutional reform (iii) Minimum Support Price (MSP).
programmes introduced by the government in (iv) Subsidy on Fertilisers.
interest of the farmers are: (v) Facilities of Kisan Credit Card and Personal
(i) Provision for crop insurance against drought, Accident Insurance Scheme.
flood, cyclone, fire and diseases. (Any three) 1X3=3

~ Long Answer Type Questions 5 marks each

ml Q. 1. "The Government of India has introduced

Ans. Institutional and technological reforms
various institutional and technological reforms
undertaken by the Government of India to
to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s."
improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s were:
Support this statement with examples. a. Institutional Reforms :
!fl+[!]+ [BJ (Delhi & OD, 2018) (i) A Comprehensive Land Development
OR Programme was initiated.
Explain any five institutional and technical (ii) Provision of crop insurance against
reforms brought by the government to improve drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease
the condition of Indian agriculture. [!]+IA] was introduced.
OR (iii) Gramin Banks, Cooperative Societies and
Describe any five steps taken by the government Banks were established for providing loan
of India to increase the productivity of agriculture facilities to the farmers at lower rates of
in India. [Q]+IA] interest.
140 ]
Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterw1se & Top1cw1se Solved Papers, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Cla,,
I

(iv) Kisan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced. (iii) Latest agricultural equipments wer
(v) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme introduced. '
(PAIS) was introduced. (iv) Special weather bulletins and agricultural
(vi) The government
annow1ced Mini.mwn programmes for farmers were introduced
Support Price, remw1erative and on radio and television.
procurement prices to reduce exploitation. (v) Any other relevant point.
b. Technological Reforms : (Any five points to be explained in which
(i) HYV seeds, chemical fertilizer and at least any three from institutional and
pesticides were provided. two from technological reforms to be
(ii) Methods of irrigation were modernized. explained.) 3 +2 =5
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018)
Detailed Answer :

~ Topper Answer, 2018

i.nt.kc:ic:lA •eti ~n___; ~ .ow..__ o j-_ In Ai a Lau-""' cbr ,.I

~-0 ~ 1:n.ra1:it:11.t> .oo..a.~--1:e... c.hnoUl~iaL 't'.1:.
. J:u_ ; -

a~ B..e.u_oluiit!l,- o-pase.d-~.:c:L-f>.ack.a~,e. t L ~ ~
,,--+--+,I'~..._ ..o.p-~a.L : . ~ ~- \&.AS. _ \_ ~ ~Y--.o.d..u.c.C?A b
·~-i++-·.... :v.e a'bk!i c 1.1..tE.t-.ur.e . _Ab4- _a.L.ue.J._ -p--co..•::1..&.u::h _ __ _

~
j~:r:~~jy --- -- ~ U'.'1 ..±---=t.ns..u..r.anc.e. -~ _
.Ki~o.h_{_kt?,.a.i±_ -~-d.--~· -
--- - - •- - - - - - -- - - -·

v1 ni ., ... c,.

1•rn p..-oveAD • I(\:;

 [ 141
-
AGRICULTURE

Ans. Agriculture has been the backbone of thP Indian

COMM ONLY MADE ERROR
economy though its share in the Gros, DomestiC'
Product has registered a declining trend (from
~ Students have mixed both institutional and 1951 onwards). In 2010 - 11, about 52% of the total
technological reforms. Discuss both separately workforce was employed by the farm sector which
in this answer. makes more than half of the Indian population
dependen t on agriculture for sustenance.
ANSW ERING TIP The declining share of agriculture in the GDP is
a matter of serious concern because any decline
~ Technological reforms are related to technology and stagnation in agriculture will lead to a
used in agriculture like irrigation, equipments, decline in other spheres of the economy having
etc. wider implications for society. Consider ing
the importan ce of agricultu re in India, the
Q 2. "The declining share of agricultu re in the Gross Governm ent of India made concerted efforts to
Domestic Product (GDP) is a matter of serious moderniz e the agricultur e. 5
concern in India." Support the statemen t. (CBSE Marking Scheme ,2018)
[Q] (CBSE Compart ment Set 2018)

~ Obje ctive Type Ques tions 1 mark each

A Match the following items given in col- Ans. (A) - Kharif Cropping Season
(B) - l6°C - 27°C
W umn A with those in column B. (CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020)
Q. 1 Column A ColumnB Q. 2. Complete the following table with correct
Jute (a) Millet information with regard to Sugarcane Cultivation :
(i)
(b) Golden fibre Sugarcane Annual Cropping Temperature
(ii) Rubber required for
rainfall season
(iii) Coffee (c) Industrial crop its feowth (in
required egrees)
(iv) Jowar (d) Plantation crop
(A)=? (B) =? 21°C-27°C
Ans. (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a)
Column B Ans. (A) - Between 75 cm and 100 cm
Q.2 Column A
Pears,
(B) - Tropical as well subtropical crop
(i) Uttar Pradesh, (a) Apples,
Maharash tra walnuts and Q. 3. Complete the following table with correct
Apricots information with regard to Wheat Cultivation :
(ii) Tamil Nadu, Ker- (b) Oranges Wheat Annual Cropping Temperature required
ala, Karnataka rainfall season for its growth
(c) Mangoes required (in degree)
(iii) Himacha l
Pradesh, Jammu A=? B =? 10°C-25°C
and Kashmir
and (d) Bananas Ans. (A) - 50 to 75 cm
(iv) Nagpur
(B) - Rabi Cropping Season

e
Meghalav a
Ans. (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b) [Q]
e Complete the following table : [Q]
Multlple Choice Questions:
Q. 1. Barley: Rabi crop, cotton: kharif crop ................ :
zaid crop. [CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Q. 1. Complete the following table with correct (a) Wheat
informat ion with regard to cultivatio n of Rice : (b) Mustard
Rice Annual rainfall Cropping Temperature (c) Soya bean
season required for (d) Cucumbe r
required
its reowth (in
egrees)
Ans. (d) cucumber
100cm (A)=? (B) =? (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020)

(CBSE SQP-2020)
 142 ] o~ wa al CBS! Q11e~
l1on Bank Chnplerw1
so & lnp1c w1~n ',nlvf'f J p SOCIAL SCIENCE
,1 >l'!f.,, Cl •
~
Q 2. A ty pe of millet
rich in
nu tri en ts an d rougha iro n, ca lcium, olhe r m icr o
ge is _ _ __
({ 1\",l ",\ ))' >021\,
(a) Ba jra 21)
(b) Rajma
(c) Jo wa r
(d) Ragi
An s. (d) Ra.gt

(( r'- l: 1\' .n ki n , '-i dw

Q .3 . W hi ch mc, 2020)
on e of th e followi
ng describes a syste
of ag ric ul tu re wh er m
e a sin gl e crop is gr
la rg e ar ea 7 ow n on a
(a) Shifting Agricul
ture (b) Plantation
IN W hi ch type of soil is
Ag ric ult re qu ire d for thi~ culti
(c) Ho rti cu ltu re ure (a) Bl ac vation 7
An s. Op tio n (d) Intensive Agricultu k so il (b) Re d s01 l .
(b) is correct. re (c) Laterite soil
Q .4 . W hi (d) Dese rt soil
ch on e of th e follo An s. Op tio n (a) is correct.
wing is an no un ce d
go ve rn m en t in su pp by th e Q. 10................. is
or t of a cr op 7 a food cr op as we ll
(a) M ax im um Su pp [BJ (a) M aiz as a fo dd er crop.
or t Price e (b ) W he at
(b ) M in im um Su pp (c) Coffee
or t Price (d) Tea
(c) M od er at e Su pp An s. (a) Maize
or t Price
(d ) In flu en tia l Su pp
An s. O pt io n (b or t Price ~ Analyze th
) is correct. e Information give
Q .5 . IC AR re fe \i ii considering one n below,
rs to : of the followin
(a) In te rn at io na l Co [BJ correct options: g
uncil of Aeronaut ica Q. ~
(b ) In di an Co un cil l Research 1 Th is type of fa rm
of Agricultural Rese in g is pr ac tic ed in
(c) In di an Council arch po pu la tio n pr es su re ar ea s of high
of Animal Research on la nd . It is la bo ur
(d ) In te rn at io na l farming, wh er e hi gh intensive
Commissio n for do se s of bi oc he m ic
Research Ag ric ul tural an d irr ig ati on ar e us ed for ob ta al in pu ts
pr od uc tio n. in in g hi gh er
An s. O pt io n (b)
is correct. O pt io ns :
Q .6 . G ro up in g of
sm al l la nd ho ld in g (i) Commercial Fa rm
is ca lle d: in to a bi gg er on e in g
(ii) Primitive Subsist
(a) Ce ili ng of la nd (Q] en ce Fa rm in g
ho ld in g (iii)Jhum m in g
(b) Collectivizatio (iv) Intensive Subsist
n ence Fa rm in g
(c) Co op er at iv e Fa An s. Op tio n (d) is correct.
rm in g
(d ) Co ns ol id at io n Q. 2 It is kn ow n as
of la nd ho ld in g th e go ld en fibre. Ju
Ans. O pt io n (d) is corre we ll- dr ai ne d fertile te gr ow s we ll on
ct. so ils in th e flo od pl
Q . 7. W hi ch on e of soils ar e re ne we d ai ns where
th e following is a leg ev er y year. H ig h te
uminous crop ? [BJ is re qu ire d du rin m pe ra tu re
(a) Jo w ar g th e tim e of gr
(b ) Pulses Be ng al, Bihar, As ow th . West
(c) M ill ets sa m , O di sh a an d
(d) Se sa m um are th e m aj or ju te Meghalaya
Ans. O pt io n (b ) is pr od uc in g sta te s. It
correct. m ak in g gu nn y ba gs , m ats , ro pe is us ed in
an d ot he r artefacts. D ue s, ya rn , carpets
Q . 8. St ud y th e pi to its hi gh cost, it is
ct ur e an d an sw er m ar ke t to sy nt he tic fib losing
fo llo ws : th e qu es tio n th at
pa rticu la rly th e ny lo re s an d pa ck in g materials,
(Q] n.
(i) Jute
(ii ) Co tto n
(iii) Ru bb er
Op tio ns : (iv) Si lk
A ns. Op tio n (a) is
correct.
A Answer the follow
ing questions In
V word/one senten
ce:
one
Q. 1. Write the am
ou nt of an nu al ra in
th e cu ltiva tio n of W fa ll re qu ire d for
he at . (O D, Se t I, 2020)
W hi ch ty pe of cu lti An s. 50 - 70 cm
va tio n is th at ?
(a) W he at cu lti va tio 1
n (b) Rice cul~va ~o n (CBSE M ar ki ng Sc he
(c) Su ga rc an e cu lti Q. 2. Write th e te m m e, 20 20 )
va tio n(d) Tea culti pe ra tu re re qu ire m en
va tio n t of M ai ze crop.
Ans. O pt io n (c) is co rre ct .
~ (O D, se t I, 2020
Q .9 . St ud y th e pi ct ur e an d an sw er )
th e qu es tio n th~t A ns . 21° to 27°
fo llo ws : 1
[Q] (CBSE M ar ki ng Sc
he m e, Z0:20)
AGRICULTURE
[ 143

am Q. 3. Name any two fibre crops. (b) Both (A) and (R) arc true but (R) it not the
OR correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is w rong.
am By which name the 'slash and burn' agriculture is
known in Mexico and Central America ? [BJ (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Q. 1. Assertion (A) : Tea is an important beverage crop
Ans, Cotton. and jute 1 introduced in India initiaUy by the British .
OR
Reason (R) : In 2015, India was the second largest
producer of tea after China.
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020)
Ans. Option (b) is correct.
B1I Q. 4. Describe the uses of oil seeds. [BJ
Ans, They are u~ed as a cooking medium as most of Q. 2. Assertion (A) : A few economists think that Indian
them are edible, they are used as raw material. 1 farmers have a bleak future if they continue
B1I Q. 5. What is meant by MSP? [BJ growing foodgrains on the holdings that grow
Ans. Minimum Support Price is the minimum guaranteed smaller and smaller as the population rises.
price of a crop, fixed and announced by the Reason (R) : Indian farmers should diversify their
government before the start of a cropping season. 1 cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.
Q. 6. By which name is specialized cultivation of fruits
and vegetables known ? [BJ Ans. Option (a) is correct.
Ans. Horticulture
Q. 7. Name any two plantation crops. [BJ 0 Correct the following and rewrite: [Q]
Ans. Tea and coffee. Q. 1. One-third of India's population is engaged in
Q. 8. Hoe, dao, digging sticks are associated with agricultural activities.
which type of farming ? IBJ Ans. Two-third to India's population is engaged in
Ans. Primitive subsistence farming. agricultural activities.
BIiQ. 9. What is the full form of ICAR? IBl Q. 2. Farming varies from commercial type to
Ans. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. subsistence type in India.
Q. 10. What are millets ? IBl Ans. Farming varies from subsistence type to commercial
Ans. The coarse grains which have very high nutritional type in India.
value are called millets. Q. 3. In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there
IBJ is a short season during winter months known as
Q. 11. Which state is the largest producer of ragi ?
Ans. I<arnataka. the zaid season.
Ans. In between the rabi and kharif seasons, there is a
0 Fill in the blanks: 1M short season during summer months known as the
zaid season .
Q. 1 The 'slash and burn' agriculture is known as .......... . Q. 4. Jowar is a crop which is used both as food and
in Mexico and Central America. fodder.
Q. 2 Rice is a ............... crop in H aryana and Punjab, but Ans. Maize is a crop which is used both as food and
in Odisha, it is a ......... crop. fodder.
Q. 3 The Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by
Vmoba Bhave is also known as .............. . 0 Find the incorrect option: [BJ
Q. 4 ................ is the largest producer of groundnut in Q. 1 (a) Groundnut is a kharif crop and accounts for about
India. half of the major oil seeds produced in the country.
Answer: (b) Gujarat was the largest producer of groundnut
1. Milpa followed by Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu in 2015-16.
2. Cammercial, subsistence (c) Linseed and mustard are kharif crops.
3. Blood-less Revolution (d) Sesamu"',is a kharif crop in north and rabi crop in
4. Gujarat south India.
Ans. The Incorrect option is (c) : Linseed and mustard
A Assertion and Reason Type Questions are kharif crops.
V [Q] Correct answer is : Linseed and mustard are rabi
crops.
In the questions given below there are two
statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason
Q. 2 (a) Kisan Credit card (KCC), Personal Accident
Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes
(R). Read the statements and choose the correct
introduced by the Government of India for benefit
option: of the farmers.
Options are : and
(b) Moreover, special news bulletins
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct entertainment programmes for farmers were
explanation of (A). introduced on the radio and television.
 144 j Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Top1cw1so Solved Papers, SOCIAL SCIENCE, C~- 1

(c) The government also announces minimum for farmers were introduced on the rc1dio ,, 11d
~upport price, remunerative and procurement television.
prices for important crops to check the exploitation Correct answer is : Moreover, special weather
of farmers by speculators and middlemen. bulletins and agricultural programmes for farm<:r,
Ans. The Incorrect option is (b) : Moreover, special were introduced on the radio and television.
news bulletins and entertainment programmes

~ Visual Case-Based Questions

IB'II Q. 1. Read the sources given below and answer the (iii) _ _ crop is grown in Commercial farming: (1)
questions that follows: [Q] (a) Zaid (b) Rabi
SOURCE A : Primitive Subsistence Farming (c) Single (d) Kharif
This type of farming is still practised in few (iv) In commercial farming, we used: (1)
pockets of India. Primitive subsistence agriculture
(a) HYV seeds
is practised on small patches of land with the help
of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, (b) Old methods of inputs
and family/community labour. This type of farming (c) Small patches of land
depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil (d) Skilled labour
and suitability of other environmental conditions Ans. (i) (d) All of the above 1
to the crops grown.
(ii) (b) Soil fertility 1
It is a 'slash and burn' agriculture. Farmers clear a
(iii) (c) Single 1
patch of land and produce cereals and other food
crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility (iv) (a) HYV seeds 1
decreases, the farmers shift and .clear a fresh patch IBIJ Q. 2. Read the sources given below and answer the
of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows questions that follows: [!]
Nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through SOURCE A : Wheat
natural processes; land productivity in this type This is the second most important cereal crop. It
of agriculture is low as the farmer does not use is the main food crop, in north and north-western
fertilisers or other modern inputs. It is known by part of the country. This rabi crop requires a cool
different names in different parts of the country. growing season and a bright sunshine at the time
SOURCE B: Commercial Farming of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall
Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. evenly-distributed over the growing season. There
In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on are two important wheat-growing zones in the
a large area. The plantation has an interface of country - the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-
agriculture and industry. Plantations cover large west and black soil region of the Deccan. The major
tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
the help of migrant labourers. All the produce is Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya
used as raw material in respective industries. Pradesh.
In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana,
SOURCE B : Rice
etc., are important plantation crops. Tea in Assam
and North Bengal coffee in Karnataka are some It is the staple food crop of a majority of the people
of the important plantation crops grown in in India. Our country is the second largest producer
these states. Since the production is mainly for of rice in the world after China. It is a kharif crop
market, a well-developed network of transport which requires high temperature, (above 25°C)
and communication connecting the plantation and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100
areas, processing industries and markets plays an cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the
important role in the development of plantations. help of irrigation.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the Answer the following MCQs by choosing the
most appropriate option. most appropriate option.
(i) Primitive Subsistence farming depends on: (1) (i) How much annual rainfall is required for Wheat?
(a) Monsoon (1)
(b) Fertility of Soil (a) 50 to 75 cm (b) below 50 cm
(c) Environmental Conditions (c) Above 100 cm (d) 75 to 150 cm
(d) All of the above (ii) What is climatic conditions required for Rice? (1)
(ii) When the _ _ _ _ _ decreases, the farmers (a) High rainfall (b) High temperature
clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation: (1) (c) High humidity (d) All of the above
(a) Production (b) Soil fertility (iii) Wheat growing zones in India : (1)
(c) Natural Calamities (d) Industries (a) The Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west
-
AGRICULTURE

(b) Black ~011 rt·gion ol tlw Dl'C'<",n pliltl'ilu ml Q, 4, Re,1d

[ 115

the utra{t given below ,utcl .an,wer Wn

(c) Both 'a' ,,nd 'b' questions o,at £ollowt:
(d) None of lhc above Mahatma Gandhi ded.ired Vinnbc1 Bh,,~e 89 hi
(iv) _ _ _ is lhc largcr,t producer of Rice. (1) spiritual heir. l {e also pcirticipated In ',.Jty;1gralia
(a) Brazil (b) lndia as one of the foremost satyagrah1:. He wa~ on~ of
(c) Cluna (d) Australia the votaries of Gandhi',; concept of gram swarr11ya
~ 115• (i) (a) 50 to 75 cm 1 After Gandhiji's martyrdom, Vinoba Bhave
(ii) (d) All of the aboYe 1 undertook padyatra to spread Gandhiji's message
(iii) (c) Both 'a' and 'b' 1 covered almost the enUre country. Once, when he
(M (c) China 1 was delivering a lecture at PochampalJj in Andhra
Ill Q. 3. Read the extract given below and answer the Pradesh, some poor landless villagers demanded
questions that follows: some land for their economic well-being. Vinoba
Tea cultivation is an example of plantation Bhave could not promise it to them immediately
agriculture. It is also an important beverage crop but assured them to talk to the Government of
introduced in India initially by the British. Today,
India regarding provision of land for them if
most of the tea plantations are owned by Indians.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub they undertook cooperative farming. Suddenly,
tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile Shri Ram Chandra Reddy stood up and offered
well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic 80 acres of land to be distributed among 80 land-
matter. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost- less villagers. This act was known as 'Bhoodan' ·
free climate all through the year. Frequent showers Later he travelled and introduced his ideas widely
evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous all over India. Some zamindars, owners of many
growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-intensive villages offered to distribute some villages among
industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled the landless. It was known as Gramdan. However,
labour. Tea is processed within the tea garden to
many land-owners chose to provide some part of
restore its freshness . Major tea producing states
are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri their land to the poor farmers due to the fear ofland
districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. ceiling act. This Bhoodan-Gramdan movement
Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, initiated by Vinoba Bhave is also known as the
Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and lnpura are also Blood-less Revolution.
tea-producing states in the country. In 2015 India Answer the following MCQs by choosing the
was the second largest producer of tea after China. most appropriate option.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the
(i) Who declared Vmoba Bhave as his spiritual heir 7 (1)
most appropriate option.
(i) Who introduced tea cultivation in India? (a) Nehru (b) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(1)
(a) Germ.an (c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) All of the Above
(b) British
(c) French (ii) The act done by Shri Ram Chandra Reddy was
(d) Dutch
(ii) Which of the following states is the largest called_ __ (1)
producer of tea? (a) Tyag (b) Bhoodan
(1)
(c) Annaprasana (d) Atmasamman
(a) Assam (b) West Bengal
(iii) Some zamindars, owners of many villages offered
(c) Uttarakhand (d) Kerala
to distribute some villages among the landless.
(iii) Tea bushes require _ _ _ and moist frost-free What was it known as? (1)
climate all through the year. (1) (a) Atmadan (b) Gramdan
(a) cold (b) warm (c) Bhoodan (d) None of these
(c) moderate (d) None of the these (iv) Where did Vinoba Bhave delivered his lecture for
(iv) Which of the following countries was the largest villagers well- being? (1)
production of tea in 2015? (1) (a) Pochampalli in Andhra Pradesh
(a) China (b) India (b) Warangal in Andhra Pradesh
(c) USA (d) Sri Lanka (c) Panchvati in Himachal Pradesh
Ans. (i) (b) British 1 (d) Sirmaur in Himachal Pradesh
(ii) (a) Assam 1 Ans. (i) (c) Mahatma Gandhi
(iii) (b) warm 1 1
(ii) (b) Bhoodan 1
(iv) (c) China 1 (iii) (b) Gramdan 1
(iv) (a) Pochampalli in Andhra Pradesh 1

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