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Microstrip Patch antenna for ISM band applications

Article · July 2014

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Ganesh Balbhim Waghmare M. K. Bhanarkar

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 2 Issue: 7 1919 – 1921
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Microstrip Patch antenna for ISM band applications

Waghmare G. B. Bhanarkar M. K.
Communication Research Laboratory, Communication Research Laboratory,
Department of Electronics, Department of Electronics,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, India Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India
email: eln.ganesh@gmail.com email: mkb_eln@unishivaji.ac.in

Abstract - The patch antenna is very much useful in the field of advanced wireless communication systems, because of their small size, low
weight, low cost, high gain and directional radiation pattern. Patch antenna can be design in any shape and generally takes a size as small as
possible. The small size patch antennas are needed because of modern telecommunication equipment whose size and weight is reduced. Square
type patch antenna is mostly used because of ease of fabrication, analysis, radiation characteristics and low cross polarization, the same square
type patch antenna is mentioned in this paper. The most important characteristics of patch antenna are its gain and frequency range over which it
operates, the given patch antenna is designed on these two deciding factors. The designed antenna is operating at 2.4 GHz frequency range,
which is used as free frequency band or ISM band. The microstrip feed line method and the FR4 substrate have been used for mounting the
patch element. ANSOFT design software is used for method of moment.

Keywords- Microstrip antenna, ISM band, FR4, ANSOFT design SV2.

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point at 5 GHz for the steps of 200 is given for simulation.
I. INTRODUCTION Another sweep is for generating surface current having
Globally in all wireless application antennas is basic and starting point at 1 GHz and stopping point at 5 GHz.
most important unit. Microstrip patch antenna will be fit for
the appreciated application. Patch antenna is the best solution
for small size portable equipment because of its small size,
high gain, low profile, low cost [1,2]. Patch antenna consist of
metallic patch on the top of the dielectric substrate below
which ground plane exists. There are number of substrate that
we can use for the design of microstrip antenna for e.g.
Alumina, FR4, RT-duroid etc [2], having dielectric constants
in the range of 2.2 to 12. For the good antenna performance,
we must need low dielectric substrate in order to provide
better efficiency [3]. The microstrip feed line method is used
to feed the patch antenna because of its impedance matching
capability [4]. The patch antennas are mostly used in satellite,
radar, spacecraft, GPS and GSM [5-6-7].
Fig. 1 Square patch antenna
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The main aim of the proposed work is to design small size
patch antenna for wireless embedded applications, for that the III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
plane square shape patch antenna is chosen in order to reduce Present antenna design simulation is done using ANSOFT
complexity and it can easily fit in the device. The substrate simulink SV2 software which is based on method of moment.
used for the antenna design is FR4 ( Er = 4.4, 0.060, inch, 0.5
oz copper ) dielectric material because of its ease of
availability and moderate dielectric permittivity. The height of
dielectric material is chosen to be 1.5mm which is default size
of FR4 material. The width of conducting patch element is
46mm and length is 32 mm for the frequency of 2.4 GHz. The
most important element is feeding the strip for connecting the
probe to the antenna for that microstrip feed line method is
used for better impedance matching having the width 5 mm
and length of 29 mm, which is attached at the square path
antenna as shown in fig 1.
For the excitation 2 GHz frequency is given to the antenna,
and also applied two frequency sweeps i.e. one is for
interpolating having starting point at 1 GHz and stopping Fig. 2 Return loss
After simulation the results shows that given antenna resonate
at the expected frequency of 2.4 GHz in fig.2.

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IJRITCC | July 2014, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 2 Issue: 7 1919 – 1921
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
The figure 2 shows the return loss (S11) parameter of present patch antenna has directional radiation pattern which
antenna. The antenna is resonating at 2.4 GHz having return require for most of the wireless applications. The different
loss of -9.63. curves in above figure indicates antenna directional pattern for
the frequency band of 1 GHz to 2.5 GHz.

Fig. 3 Smith chart

Fig.6 Current Distribution

Smith chart indicates the impedance matching of antenna
at 2.4 GHz; also it indicates the resistive, inductive and There must be a current distributed throughout the patch
capacitive fields of antenna. From figure 3 we can conclude element continuously. The above figure 6 shows the antenna
that antenna meet resistive field at 2.4 GHz. current distribution at 120 degree and at 180 degree, where
current distribution with normal to antenna is occurred
simultaneously.

Fig. 7 3D Gain

Fig. 4 VSWR Antenna gain describes how much power radiated in the
desired direction to that of an isotropic antenna. From figure 7
VSWR is also one of the important characteristics of we can see that gain accepted by given antenna is 1.175 dB.
antenna, it indicates better matching of antenna at given
frequency band. From figure 4 it seems that antenna has CONCLUSSION
VSWR of 1.9 at 2.4 GHz. In present paper square shape patch antenna for ISM
application is simulated. Small size and low dielectric
substrate makes the antenna compatible for portable wireless
equipment. Designed gain, radiation pattern and return loss
obtained are good enough to make antenna for use in radar
application.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are thankful to the Head, Department of Electronics,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India to provide infrastructure
and research laboratory to perform the research.
REFERENCES
[1] Gary Breed, “The Fundamentals of Patch Antenna Design and
Performance”, High Frequency Electronics, March 2009.
Fig. 5 Radiation Pattern [2] Avid M. Pozar, “Microstrip Antennas”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.
Radiation pattern defines of power radiated by antenna as a 80, No 1, January 1992.
function of direction away from the antenna. Fig 5 shows the
1920
IJRITCC | July 2014, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 2 Issue: 7 1919 – 1921
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[3] K. V. Rop, D. B. O. Konditi, “Performance Analysis of A Rectangular [7] Gonca C Akir, Levent Sevgi. “Design, Simulation and Tests of a Low-
Microstrip Patch Antenna on Different Dielectric Substrates,” cost Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays for the Wireless
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol. 3, No 8, 2012. Communication”, Turk J Electrical Engineering, Vol.13, No.1, 2005.
[4] Gunthard Kraus, ANSOFT design SV2 software, 07-20-2005.
[5] Indrasen Singh, V. S. Tripathi, “Micro strip Patch Antenna and its
Applications: a Survey”, International Journal of Computer Technology
and Applications, Vol. 2 (5), 1595-1599, Sept-Oct 2011.
[6] S. Atchaya, N. Dhanalakshmi, R. Veeramani, “A Compact Design of
Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM, Bluetooth and WiMAX
Applications” International Journal of Communication and Computer
Technologies Vo. 02 – No.1 Issue: 04 April 2014.

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