Class 12 Political Science
Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources
Boards 2026 Focused Full Question Bank (All in One)
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Section A: MCQs (1 Marks each)
1. Which of the following summits first addressed global environmental issues?
a) Rio Summit (1992)
b) Kyoto Protocol (1997)
c) Stockholm Conference (1972)
d) Paris Agreement (2015)
Answer: c) Stockholm Conference (1972)
2. Which protocol is related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
a) Geneva Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) UN Charter
Answer: c) Kyoto Protocol
3. Which country is known for having the highest carbon emissions?
a) India
b) China
c) Germany
d) Brazil
Answer: b) China
4. The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” was accepted in:
a) WTO Conference
b) Rio Earth Summit
c) Paris Climate Agreement
d) Geneva Convention
Answer: b) Rio Earth Summit
5. The Montreal Protocol aimed at protecting the:
a) Forests
b) Ozone layer
c) Water resources
d) Ice caps
Answer: b) Ozone layer
6. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Solar energy
d) Petroleum
Answer: c) Solar energy
7. Environmental concerns have led to the formation of:
a) NATO
b) GATT
c) UNEP
d) ASEAN
Answer: c) UNEP
8. Which country has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol?
a) India
b) USA
c) Russia
d) Japan
Answer: b) USA
9. Which Indian leader participated in the 1972 Stockholm Conference?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Rajiv Gandhi
c) Indira Gandhi
d) Manmohan Singh
Answer: c) Indira Gandhi
10. The Earth Summit was held in:
a) Sweden
b) Brazil
c) France
d) Germany
Answer: b) Brazil
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Section B: Short Answer Questions (2–4 Marks)
1. What is the meaning of global commons? Give examples.
2. State the environmental concerns faced by developing countries.
3. What was the importance of the Rio Earth Summit 1992?
4. Explain the concept of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’.
5. Why is environmental protection considered a collective responsibility?
6. Mention two challenges related to the protection of global commons.
7. What role do NGOs play in environmental protection?
8. How is India contributing to global environmental protection?
9. Write a short note on the Montreal Protocol.
10. Why is equitable distribution of resources important?
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Section C: Long Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. Describe the major environmental issues facing the world today.
2. Discuss the role of developed and developing countries in protecting the environment.
3. What is meant by ‘global commons’? Explain the challenges in their management.
4. Explain the political conflicts involved in environmental conservation.
5. Describe the steps taken by international organisations to protect the environment.
6. Explain the significance of Kyoto Protocol and its limitations.
7. Discuss the environmental movements in India and their relevance.
8. Analyse the concept of sustainable development with examples.
9. Examine the role of India in addressing global environmental issues.
10. How can balance be maintained between development and environmental protection?
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Section D: Source-Based Question
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
"The issue of environmental protection gained global attention after the Stockholm Conference of 1972.
Developing countries emphasized the relationship between economic development and environmental
protection, while developed countries pushed for emission reductions and conservation."
Questions:
a) What was the significance of the Stockholm Conference?
b) How did the concerns of developed and developing countries differ?
c) Why is international cooperation important for environmental protection?
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Section E: Map Work (If Applicable)
Generally, this chapter does not involve specific map work in CBSE boards. However, for reference,
students can locate:
Rio de Janeiro (1992 Earth Summit – Brazil)
Stockholm (1972 Conference – Sweden)
Kyoto (1997 Protocol – Japan)
Countries with highest emissions: China, USA, India
