Q-1

Creating a Criminal Record Management System (CRMS) involves

designing a software system that allows various law enforcement officials, such
as jailers, police officers, and CBI officers, to interact with criminal records
efficiently.
These users will have different levels of access and functionality based on their
roles.
System Overview
The system will enable users to:
 Store and retrieve criminal records.
 Add new criminal data.
 Search for criminals by various attributes (e.g., name, case number).
 Update or delete records.
 Assign and track cases.
 Maintain user roles and permissions.
Requirements
1. Users and Roles: Jailers, Police Officers, CBI Officers.
2. Criminal Record Attributes:
o Criminal ID
o Name
o Age
o Address
o Crime(s) committed
o Case details (case number, case status, etc.)
o Sentencing details
o Incarceration status
3. Functionalities:
o Add new records.
o View records.
o Search for criminal records.
o Update criminal details.
o Assign case handlers (Police, CBI).
o Delete records (admin privilege).
4. Permissions:
o Jailers: Can view and update incarceration status.
o Police Officers: Can create, view, and search for criminal records,
but can only update case-related information.
o CBI Officers: Can handle specific cases, view, and search records,
but have broader permissions than police officers.
 o Admin (optional): Full access to the system (can delete records,
manage roles).
Technologies Used
1. Backend: Python (Flask or Django)
2. Database: MySQL
3. Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Vue.js, or Angular)
4. Authentication: JWT (JSON Web Token) or session-based authentication
5. Version Control: Git
Design Steps
1. Database Design
The main entities will include:
 Users (Jailers, Police, CBI, Admin)
o user_id (Primary Key)
o username
o password (hashed)
o role (jailer, police, cbi, admin)
o email
 Criminals
o criminal_id (Primary Key)
o name
o age
o address
o crime_committed
o case_number (Foreign Key to Case)
o sentencing_details
o incarceration_status (whether in jail or released)
 Cases
o case_id (Primary Key)
o case_number (Unique)
o crime_type
o case_status (open/closed)
o assigned_to (Foreign Key to Users - police or cbi)
2. System Workflow
1. User Authentication:
o Users (Jailers, Police Officers, CBI Officers) log in with
credentials (username and password).
o Role-based authentication will ensure each user has different
permissions.
2. CRUD Operations on Criminal Records:
 o Users can add new criminal records, search for existing records,
and update or delete records based on their role.
3. Role-based Access Control:
o Jailers: Manage incarceration details (whether the criminal is in
jail, pending release, etc.).
o Police Officers: Handle case assignments and update crime-related
data.
o CBI Officers: Handle complex cases, search for criminal records,
and track ongoing investigations.
o Admin: Full access, including role management and deleting
records.
3. Implementation
Here’s how the system could be structured in Python using Flask and SQL for
the backend and MySQL for the database.
Backend (Python with Flask)
Install Required Libraries
pip install flask flask_sqlalchemy flask_jwt_extended
4. Frontend (Optional)
The frontend can be a simple HTML/CSS form or a more dynamic interface
using frameworks like React.js or Angular.
5. Testing
Test each functionality:
 Login: Ensure only valid users can log in and obtain a JWT token.
 CRUD Operations: Add, update, retrieve, and delete records based on
the role.
 Role-based Permissions: Ensure only authorized users can perform
specific actions.
Conclusion
This is a basic implementation of a Criminal Record Management System
with role-based access control. Depending on the requirements, you can further
enhance the system by adding more features such as:
 Auditing: Track who modified the records.
 Advanced Search: Allow searching based on multiple attributes like
crime type, name, etc.
 Notification System: Alerts when a case progresses or when a criminal's
status changes.
Q-2
Creating an Online Bus Route Information System is an interesting and
practical project for software engineering. This system can provide users with
real-time data about bus routes, bus schedules (frequency), and fare
information. The system can be designed with features for users to easily access
information about bus services in a specific city or region.
System Overview
The Online Bus Route Information System will allow users to:
 Search bus routes based on origin and destination.
 View frequency schedules for different buses.
 Check fare details for specific routes.
 Get real-time updates on bus locations (optional, if integrated with
GPS).
 View bus stop locations and timings.
Key Features and Requirements
1. Users:
o General Users: View bus routes, schedules, and fares.
o Admin: Manage bus routes, schedules, and fare details.
2. Functionalities:
o Search for Routes: Users can input a starting point and
destination, and the system will show available routes, their
frequency, and fares.
o Bus Schedule: Show daily schedules and frequency of buses (e.g.,
every 30 minutes, hourly, etc.).
o Fare Information: Display the fare for each route and any
discounts or special fares (e.g., senior citizens, students).
o Route Management (Admin): Admin can add or modify routes,
update fares, and set schedules.
o Real-time Bus Tracking (optional): Show the current location of
buses if GPS integration is available.
3. Data Required:
o Bus Route Information: Route name, start/end points,
intermediate stops.
o Schedule Information: Frequency of buses, timings.
o Fare Information: Fares for different routes, discount details.
4. Technologies:
o Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
o Backend: Python
o Database: MySQL, for storing routes, schedules, and fare details.
o Geospatial Data (Optional): Google Maps API or OpenStreetMap
for route mapping and bus stop locations.
1. Database Design
The key entities in the system are:
  Bus Routes: This will store information about the bus routes, such as the
route name, starting point, and destination.
 Schedules: Contains the schedule for each bus route (time and
frequency).
 Fares: Fare information for each route.
 Bus Stops: Locations of bus stops along each route.
 Users: For login and role management.
ER Diagram:
1. Bus Routes:
o route_id (Primary Key)
o route_name
o start_point
o end_point
o description (optional)
2. Schedules:
o schedule_id (Primary Key)
o route_id (Foreign Key)
o bus_frequency (e.g., every 30 minutes, hourly)
o start_time
o end_time
3. Fares:
o fare_id (Primary Key)
o route_id (Foreign Key)
o fare_amount
o discount (optional)
4. Bus Stops:
o stop_id (Primary Key)
o route_id (Foreign Key)
o stop_name
o location (GPS coordinates or address)
5. Users:
o user_id (Primary Key)
o username
o password (hashed)
o role (user, admin)
2. Backend Implementation
Here’s a basic example using Flask and SQL for managing bus routes,
schedules, and fares.
Install Required Libraries
Copy code
pip install flask flask_sqlalchemy flask_jwt_extended
3. Frontend Implementation
For the frontend, you can use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. If you're using
React.js or another modern framework, you can fetch data from the backend
API and display it dynamically.
Here's a simple HTML structure for the user interface:
index.html
html
Copy code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Bus Route Information</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Bus Route Information</h1>

<div class="search">
<input type="text" id="start" placeholder="Start point">
<input type="text" id="end" placeholder="End point">
<button onclick="searchRoutes()">Search</button>
</div>

<div id="results"></div>
</div>

<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
script.js
javascript
Copy code
async function searchRoutes() {
const start = document.getElementById('start').value;
const end = document.getElementById('end').value;
 const response = await fetch(`/routes?start=${start}&end=${end}`);
const routes = await response.json();

const resultsDiv = document.getElementById('results');

resultsDiv.innerHTML = "";

if (routes.length > 0) {
routes.forEach(route => {
resultsDiv.innerHTML += `
<div class="route">
<h3>${route.route_name}</h3>
<p>Start: ${route.start_point}</p>
<p>End: ${route.end_point}</p>
<p>Description: ${route.description}</p>
</div>
`;
});
} else {
resultsDiv.innerHTML = "<p>No routes found.</p>";
}
}
4. Testing
 Test the API using tools like Postman or URL to ensure that routes,
schedules, and fares are correctly fetched from the backend.
 Test the frontend by manually searching for routes and checking if the
API data is correctly displayed on the UI.
5. Advanced Features
You can enhance the system with additional features:
 Real-time bus tracking using GPS and showing the live location of
buses on a map (Google Maps API or OpenStreetMap).
 Notifications: Alert users if a bus is delayed or cancelled.
 User Feedback: Allow users to rate their experience with a specific route
or bus.
 Payment Integration: For fare payments online or through mobile apps.
Conclusion
This project will give you hands-on experience with web development, working
with backend databases, integrating APIs, and handling user interactions. The
system can be expanded to include more features like real-time bus tracking,
ticket booking, and notifications to make it more comprehensive.
Q-3
Creating a Patient Appointment and Prescription Management System is a
practical project for software engineering. This system would allow healthcare
providers (doctors, nurses, and admin staff) to manage patient appointments and
prescriptions efficiently, offering users (patients and doctors) a seamless way to
interact with medical services.
System Overview
The Patient Appointment and Prescription Management System will allow:
 Patients: Book appointments with doctors, view their appointment
history, and view their prescriptions.
 Doctors: Manage appointments, create and update prescriptions, and view
patient histories.
 Admin: Manage doctors, patients, and appointments.
 Notifications: Patients and doctors receive notifications for appointment
reminders, prescription updates, etc.
Key Features and Requirements
1. Users:
o Patients: Book and manage appointments, view prescriptions.
o Doctors: View appointments, create prescriptions, and update
patient records.
o Admin: Manage doctors, patients, and appointments.
2. Functionalities:
o Appointment Scheduling: Patients can book an appointment with
available doctors based on time slots.
o Appointment Management: Doctors can accept, reject, or
reschedule appointments.
o Prescription Management: Doctors can create prescriptions and
update them.
o Patient History: Doctors can view a patient’s medical history,
including previous appointments and prescriptions.
o Admin Controls: Admin can manage users, doctors, and
appointments.
o Notifications: Send notifications (via email/SMS) about
appointments, prescription updates, and reminders.
3. Data Requirements:
o Patient Information: Name, contact details, medical history.
o Doctor Information: Name, specialty, availability, and contact
details.
o Appointment Information: Date, time, patient details, doctor
assigned.
 o Prescription Information: Prescription details, medication,
instructions, date.
4. Technologies:
o Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Vue.js, or Angular for
dynamic UI).
o Backend: Python (Flask/Django), JavaScript (Node.js), or Java
(Spring Boot).
o Database: MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB.
o Authentication: JWT for user authentication and authorization.
o Email/SMS Service: Integration with third-party services like
SendGrid (for emails) or Twilio (for SMS) for notifications.
1. Database Design
The key entities in the system are:
1. Users (Doctors, Patients, Admin)
o user_id (Primary Key)
o username
o password (hashed)
o role (doctor, patient, admin)
o email
o contact_number
2. Patients
o patient_id (Primary Key)
o name
o contact_number
o email
o date_of_birth
o medical_history
3. Doctors
o doctor_id (Primary Key)
o name
o specialty
o contact_number
o availability (weekly schedule or individual time slots)
4. Appointments
o appointment_id (Primary Key)
o patient_id (Foreign Key)
o doctor_id (Foreign Key)
o appointment_date
o appointment_time
o status (scheduled, completed, cancelled)
 5. Prescriptions
o prescription_id (Primary Key)
o appointment_id (Foreign Key)
o doctor_id (Foreign Key)
o patient_id (Foreign Key)
o medication_details
o dosage_instructions
o prescription_date
6. Notifications
o notification_id (Primary Key)
o user_id (Foreign Key)
o message
o date_time
o notification_type (appointment reminder, prescription update)
2. Backend Implementation (Example in Python with Flask)
3. Frontend Implementation
For the frontend, you can use React.js to create a dynamic interface for patients,
doctors, and admin users to interact with the system.
Sample Frontend Features:
1. Patient:
o Login screen for patients.
o A page to book an appointment.
o A page to view appointment history.
o A page to view prescriptions.
2. Doctor:
o Login screen for doctors.
o View appointments for the day.
o Prescribe medications for patients.
3. Admin:
o Manage doctors and patients.
o View appointments.
4. Testing
 Unit testing: Use libraries like PyTest to test your backend routes (Flask).
 Integration testing: Test the entire flow from login to creating
appointments and prescriptions.
 Frontend testing: Use Jest and React Testing Library for unit and
integration tests.
Conclusion
This Patient Appointment and Prescription Management System project
combines multiple aspects of software engineering, such as backend
development, database design, user authentication, and UI design. By building
such a system, you'll gain hands-on experience with important software
engineering practices like handling relational databases, building APIs, and
integrating frontend and backend technologies.
Q-4
Creating an Online Hotel Reservation System is a common and useful project
for software engineering, allowing you to implement and integrate concepts like
user management, booking management, payment integration, and data
processing.
In this practical project, users will be able to:
 Browse hotels and view their details (rooms, pricing, availability).
 Book rooms for specific dates.
 View booking history and manage reservations.
 Administer the system, including managing hotel details, rooms,
pricing, and user reservations.
Key Features of the Hotel Reservation System
1. Users:
o Customers: Book rooms, view booking history, cancel or modify
reservations.
o Admins: Manage hotels, rooms, and customer reservations.
2. Functionalities:
o Hotel Search: Customers can search for hotels based on location,
dates, and type of room.
o Room Availability: Display available rooms based on the selected
dates.
o Booking Management: Allow customers to book rooms, cancel
bookings, or modify them.
o Payment Integration: Process payments for reservations (could
integrate with Stripe, PayPal, or other payment gateways).
o Admin Dashboard: Admins can view all bookings, manage rooms
and hotels, and adjust room availability and pricing.
o User Registration and Authentication: Allow customers to create
accounts and log in.
3. Data Requirements:
o Hotel Information: Name, location, amenities, and pricing details.
o Room Information: Type of room (single, double, suite), pricing,
availability, and status.
o User Information: Customer login, personal details, and payment
information (optional).
 o Booking Information: Booking dates, customer details, room
details, status of booking (confirmed, pending, cancelled).
4. Technologies:
o Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Angular, or Vue.js for
dynamic UI).
o Backend: Python (Flask or Django), JavaScript (Node.js), or Java
(Spring Boot).
o Database: MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB for storing users,
hotels, rooms, and bookings.
o Payment Integration: Stripe or PayPal for handling payments.
o Authentication: JWT or OAuth for user authentication.
o Deployment: Hosting on platforms like Heroku, AWS, or
DigitalOcean.

1. Database Design
Entities in the system:
1. Users (Customers, Admins):
o user_id (Primary Key)
o username
o password (hashed)
o email
o role (customer, admin)
o contact_number
o payment_details (if needed)
2. Hotels:
o hotel_id (Primary Key)
o hotel_name
o location (city, country)
o description
o amenities (e.g., gym, pool, Wi-Fi)
3. Rooms:
o room_id (Primary Key)
o hotel_id (Foreign Key)
o room_type (e.g., single, double, suite)
o price_per_night
o availability_status (available, booked, maintenance)
o number_of_beds
4. Bookings:
o booking_id (Primary Key)
o user_id (Foreign Key)
 oroom_id (Foreign Key)
o check_in_date
o check_out_date
o booking_date
o status (booked, canceled, completed)
o payment_status (paid, pending)
5. Payments (if needed, for online payment integration):
o payment_id (Primary Key)
o booking_id (Foreign Key)
o payment_date
o amount
o payment_method (Stripe, PayPal, etc.)
o payment_status (successful, failed)

2. Backend Implementation (Flask Example)

Let's create the basic structure of a backend in Flask to handle hotel search,
room availability, booking, and user management.
3. Frontend Implementation (HTML/React)
A simple React frontend can be created for this project to allow customers to
search for hotels, view room availability, and book rooms.
4. Testing
 Unit Testing: Use Pytest or unittest for the backend (Flask) to test the
routes, user authentication, room availability, etc.
 Frontend Testing: Use Jest or React Testing Library for unit and
integration tests in React.

5. Additional Features (Advanced)

1. Payment Integration: Integrate a payment gateway like Stripe or
PayPal for processing payments during the booking.
2. Admin Dashboard: Admins can add new hotels, rooms, and
view/manage bookings.
3. Email Notifications: Send confirmation emails after booking, reminders
before the check-in date, etc.
4. Multi-language Support: Add multi-language support for a global user
base.

Conclusion
The Online Hotel Reservation System provides an excellent opportunity to
work with full-stack development, including database design, API creation, user
authentication, payment integration, and frontend UI development. By