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Ea & Tef

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a condition where the esophagus fails to form a continuous passage to the stomach, with various types classified by the presence and location of tracheo-esophageal fistulas (TEF). Type C is the most common, affecting 89% of patients, while Type A is the rarest, occurring in about 8% of cases. H-type TEF, which does not involve EA, is often diagnosed later and can lead to complications such as coughing and choking during swallowing.

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Dharwesh M
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14 views44 pages

Ea & Tef

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a condition where the esophagus fails to form a continuous passage to the stomach, with various types classified by the presence and location of tracheo-esophageal fistulas (TEF). Type C is the most common, affecting 89% of patients, while Type A is the rarest, occurring in about 8% of cases. H-type TEF, which does not involve EA, is often diagnosed later and can lead to complications such as coughing and choking during swallowing.

Uploaded by

Dharwesh M
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© © All Rights Reserved
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OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA (EA)

AND TRACHEO-OESOPHAGEAL
FISTULA (TEF)

Anjali Babu
KCON
• Esophageal atresia is the failure of
esophagus to form a continuous passage
from the pharynx to the stomach.
• Type A: pure esophageal atresia with no
TEF, about 8% of EA patients have this
type .
• Type B: EA with proximal TEF , or a TEF
connecting between the upper pouch of
the esophagus and trachea. Rare,0.8% of
patients have this.with this type food and
saliva can travel directly into the lungs
before surgical correction is performed.
• Type C: EA with a distal TEF ,or TEF connecting
between the lower pouch of the esophagus and
the trachea. Commonest type with about 89%
0f patients have this. With this type gastric
contents and acid can travel directly into the
lungs before correction is performed.
• Type D: EA with dual TEF ,Where there is both a
TEF connecting between the upper pouch of
esophagus and the trachea , and a TEF
connecting the lower pouch of the esophagus
and the trachea. Rare only 1.4% of EA patients
have this.
• Type E/ H- type: H-type TEF where there is
TEF connecting between the esophagus
and the trachea but there is no EA.
children with an H-type TEF , unlike other
types ,are often diagnosed later in infancy or
childhood ,rather than becoming evident
shortly after birth.
Child with H-type can swallow but often
cough and choke during swallowing ,
especially with liquids, and may present with
recurrent pneumonias.

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