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END OF TERM 2 EXAMINATIONS

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Name: …………………………………………………………… Adm no ……..…...................................

School: ……………………………………………………....…. Candidate’s sign ……………………....

Date: ……………………………………………………………

FORM II

BIOLOGY
TIME: 2 hours

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)

FORM II

PAPER 231
BIOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces
provided.

1. Below is a diagram representing a longitudinal section of a human tooth.

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a) Name the type of tooth.
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b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above
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c) Name structures P, Q, and R and give their functions. (6 marks)
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d) State four ways of keeping teeth healthy. (4 marks)
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2. The diagram below shows circulation of blood in a mammal.

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Kidney

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a) Name the type of circulation represented above (1 mark)
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b) Give reason for your answer (1 mark)
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c) Name the blood vessel labeled A, B, C ,D (4 marks)
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d)State two roles of blood capillaries (2 marks)
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e)Name other two types of blood vessels beside capillaries (2 marks)

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f) State two functional differences between the blood vessels you have named above (2 marks)

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g) State two roles of the red blood cells (2marks)
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h) Name the three types of immunity (3 marks)
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3. i) What is gaseous exchange? (1 marks)
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ii) Name the mineral element and vitamin required for blood clotting (2 marks)
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4. The diagram below represents a transverse section of a plant part

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a) Identify the class from which it is obtained (1 mark)
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b) Name parts G and H (2 marks)

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c) Give one role of J (1 marks)

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d) Name the three types of transpiration (3 marks)
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e) Give one difference between xylem vessels and xylem trancheids (2 marks)

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f) Name the strengthening material in vessels (1 marks)

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5) The diagram below shows an organelle in plants

a) Identify the organelle (1 marks)

b)Name the parts E and F (2 marks)

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c) Give one role of part E (1 marks)

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d) Name two requirements for photosynthesis (2 marks)

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e) Explain what happens during the light stage of photosynthesis.

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6. Discuss the factors that affect rate of enzyme action.

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7. Discuss the forces involved in the absorption and transport of water and mineral salts. (10 marks)
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NAME:……………………………………………………… ADM NO……………….

CLASS:………………….

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION

FORM II TERM 11 2022

TIME: 2 ½ HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

❖ Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.

❖ Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

This paper consists of 16 printed pages:

NB: Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the printed pages are printed as indicated

and no question is missing.

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SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in the space provided.

1. Name the most appropriate tool that Biology students can use for collecting

i. Crawling animals (1mk)

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ii. Flying insects (1mk)

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2. State the name given to the study of:

a) Cells (1mk)

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b) Classification of living organisms (1mk)

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3. a) Define the term species (1mk)

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b) A Tiger is known as Panthera Tigris

i. Identify two mistakes made in writing the scientific name (2mks)

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 ii. Explain why a Leopard and a tiger cannot breed yet they belong to the same genus (1mk)

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4. A cell was magnified 200 times using a light microscope whose eye-piece lens magnification was X10.

What was the magnification of the objective lens (3mks)

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5. The cell structure below was observed under the light microscope

Pore

a) Identify the cell structure (1mk)

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 b) Name the labeled parts A and B (2mks)

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B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State one function of the above structure (1mk)

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6. In an experiment equal amounts of three different sugar solutions were placed in the risking tubings X, Y

and Z. the tubings were placed in a beaker of water containing 5% sugar solution. The set up was left for

two hours. The results were as shown in the diagram below.

X Y Z Y

X Z

Beginning of experiment End of experiment

a) Name the process being investigated in the experiment (1mk)

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b) Account for the observations made at the end of the experiment (3mks)

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c) State three importance of the process named in (a) above in living organisms (3mks)

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7. i) Name the carbohydrates that is (3mks)

a) Found in abundance in mammalian blood

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b) Stored in mammalian liver

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c) Stored in plant seeds

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ii) List two importance of water in living organisms (2mks)

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8. The enzyme pepsin and trypsin are secreted as inactive precursors:

a) What are the name of the precursors (2mks)

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b) Why are they secreted in an inactive form (1mk)

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9. State two structural and two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration

a) Structural (2mks)

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b) Environmental (2mks)

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10. The diagram below is a transverse section of a certain part of a dicotyledonous plant.

a) Which part of the plant was the section made from (1mk)

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b) Give reasons for your answer (1mk)

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c) State the functions of the parts labeled A and C (2mks)

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11. Give an example of an animal with (2mks)

a) Open circulatory system

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b) Closed circulatory system

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SECTION B 40 MARKS

12. The diagram below show the internal structure of a mammalian heart

a) Using arrows show the direction of blood flow in and out of the heart ( 2mks)

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b) Name the parts labeled (2mks)

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 c) The muscular wall of chamber D is at least three times thicker than the wall of chamber E. give a

reason for this difference (1mk)

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d) Name two special characteristics of heart muscles which distinguishes it from other parts of muscles

(2mks)

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e) In what way does the artery labeled G differ from other arteries in the body (1mk)

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13. The figure below is a diagram of a potometer

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 a) What is it used for? (1mk)

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b) State one precautions which should be taken when setting up a photometer (1mk)

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c) The rate of transpiration was determined under normal conditions in the laboratory. Giving reasons,

explain the differences you would expect if the measurements were repeated under the following

conditions.

i. The shoot is placed close to the heat source (2mks)

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ii. Some leaves are removed (2mks)

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iii. The shoot is placed in a current of air created by a fan (2mks)

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14. The figure below is a diagram of a vertical section of a mammalian tooth

a) Name the parts labeled A – F (2mks)

A……………………………………….. D………………………….………………….

B……………………………………….. E……………………………………………...

C ……………………………………….. F……………………………………………...

b) How are the structures labeled A and D adapted to their functions (2mks)

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c) List down three ways of preventing teeth diseases (3mks)

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15. a) Give two reasons why clotting of blood is important (2mks)

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b) Name one enzyme and one metal ion that are required in the blood clotting process (2mks)

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c) Explain why excessive bleeding may lead to death of a patient (3mks)

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d) Explain why deficiency of vitamin K leads to excessive bleeding even from small cuts (1mk)

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he diagram below illustrates an experiment to show carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis. The

corks have been smeared with Vaseline to prevent entry of gases.

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 a) Why is it necessary to place the plants in the dark for two days before starting the experiment?

(1mk)

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b) What is the role of soda lime? (1mk)

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c) Give the results you would expect if the leaves A and C were subjected to an iodine test after being in

bright sunlight for 6 hours.

i. A (1mk)

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ii. C (1mk)

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d) Explain the results given in (C ) above (2mks)

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e) A part from carbon (IV) oxide, name two other factors which are necessary for photosynthesis to take

place (2mks)

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SECTION C 20 MARKS

16. The figure below is a diagram of an intestinal villus. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the parts labeled A – D (2mks)

A……………………………………………….. C……………………………………………..

B……………………………………………….. D……………………………………………

b) What is the importance of the villi? (1mk)

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c) What is the function of the part labeled F (1mk)

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 d) Most of absorption of digested food in mammals takes place in the ileum. In what ways is it adapted for

this function (4mks)

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e) Name two nutrients that are absorbed in mammalian gut without chemical digestion (2mks)

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17. State and Explain five factors that determine energy requirements in human beings (10mks)

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NAME:…………………………………………………………………………………...…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………………………………………………………………..

A.D.M NO:……………………………………….. DATE:………………………………………

SIGNATURE:……………………………………

231/1

BIOLOGY

PAPER 1

2022

FORM THREE

BIOLOGY P1

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

1-29 80

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1. The scientific name of the cat is FelisCatus classify the cat into; (3mks)

i) Kingdom………………………………………

ii) Genus…………………………………………

iii) Species…………………………………………

2. The figure below shows a structure of a tooth:

(a) Identify the tooth: - (1 mk)

(b) State how the tooth named in (a) is modified to perform its function:- (1 mk)

3. a) Name the hormone secreted in the human body when one takes in a large amount of

water:- (1 mk)

(b) Which disease results from inadequate production of the hormone named in (a) above? (1mk)

4. Give two structural features that can be used to separate a housefly, a millipede, and a tick into their respective
classes. (2mks)

5. State three main functions of the stomach in human beings:-(3 mks)

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6. It was found that during germination of bean seeds, 9.2 cm3 of carbon IV Oxide was produced while 9.0 cm3 of
oxygen was used up.

(a) (i) Calculate the respiratory quotient of the reaction:- (2 mks)

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(ii) Identify the substrate being met abolished:- (1 mk)

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(b) In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur? (1 mk)

7. State three functions of the mammalian blood other than transport (3mks)

8. Other than sexual intercourse name the other ways by which HIV/AIDS is spread (3mks)

9. State three characteristics features of an efficient respiratory surface (3mks)

10. State three environmental factors that affect the rate of stomatal transpiration (3mks)

11. The cells shown below are adapted for transport in flowering plants.

(a) Name the tissue in which these cells are found. (1 mk)
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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(b) Identify and explain two observable features of these cells that adapt them to their role in transport.
(2mks)

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12. Name two areas in human body where active transport takes place. (2mks)

13. State the functions of the following cell organelles: (2mks)

(a) Nucleolus.

(b) Plasma membrane

14.Distinguish between guttation and transpiration (2mks)

15. What are the functions of the following parts of a light microscope? (3mks)

(a) Eye piece lens

(b) Condenser

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 (c) Diaphragm

16. (a) What is peristalsis? (1mks)

(b) Explain how the process above is brought about. (2mks)

17. (a) State three structural differences between arteries and veins in mammals (3mks)

(b) Name a disease that causes thickening and hardening of arteries (1mk)

18. Identify two forces that help in upward movement of water in plants (2mks)

19. State two reasons why lipids are rarely used as a respiratory substrate compound to

Carbohydrates. (2mks)

20. The equation below represents a metabolic process that occurs in the mammalian liver:

(2mks)

Amino acids organic compound + urea

(a) Name the process

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 (b) What is the importance of the process to the mammals?

21. (a) Definethe term balanced diet. (2mks)

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(b) Statethe importance of roughage in a diet. (1mark)
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22. (a) Howdo the following factors affect the rate of diffusion? (3marks)
(i) Surface area to volume ratio
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(ii) Diffusion gradient
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(iii)Temperature
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23. Name any three specialized plant cells. (3marks)
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24. Name three sites where gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants. (3 marks)

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25. A student in form three caught an organism which had the following characteristics

i) Body divided into two parts.

ii) Simple eyes.

iii) Eight legs.

Classify the organism up to the class level. (3 marks)

26. (a) Distinguish between the counter flow and parallel flow system in gaseous exchange(1mk)

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 (b) Which of the two systems mentioned in (a) above is efficient? Give a reason (2mks)

27. Name the enzyme, the vitamin and the metallic ions required in the clotting of blood. (3mks)
(i) Enzyme

ii) Vitamin

iii) Metallic ion

28.The figure below is a photomicrograph of a section of mammalian skin. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.

(i) State two functions of the secretion from the gland labeled C (2marks)
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(ii) Explain the behaviour of structure E when environmental temperature falls to 10 0c.
(2marks)

29. Astronauts from the outer space brought a material to earth. Explain how you would establish if the
material is living or non-living. (2marks)

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NAME:…………………………………………………………………………………...…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………………………………………………………………..

A.D.M NO:……………………………………….. DATE:………………………………………

SIGNATURE:……………………………………

231/2
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2

FORM THREE

BIOLOGY P2

Instructions To Candidates

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
Answer all questions in section A the spaces provided
In section B, answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8.
You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the time allocated for this paper reading the whole paper carefully
before commencing your work.
For examiners use only
Section Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

A 1

B 6

7 or 8

Total 80

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SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. a) Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity (l mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Define the term allergy (l mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The chart below shows the blood clotting mechanism

i) Name the blood cells represented by X (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) The end product of the mechanism represented by Z (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Explain how the following environmental factors increase the rate of transpiration.
i) Temperature (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Humidity (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Atmospheric pressure (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. A student wanted to observe human red blood cells under a light microscope. He put l0ml of

solution X,Y and Z in three boiling test tubes. The solutions were of different concentration .In

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each of the test tubes he put three drops of blood sample. The experiment was left to stand for 30

minutes. He placed one drop of solution X on glass slide and observed under the microscope.

The same procedure was repeated for solutions Y and Z.

He made the following observation.

Solution Observation

X Normal Cells

Y Wrinkled Cells

Z No cells observed

(a) What was the physiological process observed. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Explain why red blood cells observed in solution Y were wrinkled. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) A 3cm long piece of kale (sukuma wiki) stem was cut halfway along its length as

shown below.

(i) If the piece was placed in solution Z for 30 minutes, its shape changed . Using a pencil draw a diagram in
the space provided to show the expected change. (1mk)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain the results obtained in C(i) above. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………

3. During an ecological study, students collected and marked 120 ants and released them. After

48 hours, the students captured another 90 ants, 20 of which had been marked previously.

(a) How many ants were there in the compound? Show your working. (3mks)

..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) What are the limitations of this method in sampling animal populations. (4mks)

..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

(c) State two other methods which could be used to determine the population. (1mk)

.........................................................................................................................................................………………
4.Examine the diagram below carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

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(a) Name the parts labeled X, Y, and Z (3marks)
X:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Z:
…………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….
(b) State the substance by which the part labeled W is made up of (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name the process by which mineral salts move into the structure labeled X (1mark)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
(d) Explainwhat happens to a red blood cell when placed in distilled water.
3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.a)Name twosites where gaseous exchange takes place in an aquatic plant. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The diagram below represents the gills of a bony fish. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the parts labeled A, B, and C (3marks)

A:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Statethe function of the part labeled A (1mark)

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)Explain how the part labeled C is adapted to perform its functions (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
Question 6
Two individuals A and B drunk volumes of concentrated solution of glucose. The amount of glucose in their
blood was determined at intervals. The results are shown in the table below.
Time (minutes) Glucose level in blood mg / 100cm3
A B
0 87 84
15 110 123
30 135 170
45 115 188
60 100 208
90 95 202
120 90 144
150 88 123
a) On the grid provided, plot graph of glucose level in blood against time on the same axis.
(6marks)
b) What is the concentration of glucose in the blood of A and B at the 20 th minute? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………...…………………………………….
c) Explain why the glucose level in person A stopped rising after 30minutes while it continued to rise in person
B. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Account for the decrease in the glucose level in person A after 30minutes and person B after 60minutes.
(4marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
e) Name the compound that stores energy released during oxidation of glucose. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
f) State five factors that determine energy requirements in human (5marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Name the organ in which control of blood sugar level mainly takes place. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

7. (a) State four characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces. (4mks)

(b) Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a mammal. (l6mks)

8. (a) What is meant by the term digestion? (2mks)

(b) Explain the role of bile in the digestion of food. (4mks)

(c) Describe the digestion of protein in the human body. (l4mks)

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NAME…………………………………………………ADM……………..CLASS………

BIOLOGY PAPER 3
FORM 3
TIME: 1HR 45 MIN
40MKS

1. You are provided with photographs of specimens labeled M,N and P which were
obtained from an animal. Study them.

i. Identify specimens: (3mks)

M

ii. For each specimen, name, observe features and state how each feature adapts the
specimen to it functions. (6mks)
Specimen Feature Adaptation and function
M

2. Below is a photograph depicting interaction of organisms in a certain ecosystem?

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 a. Write down a possible food chain involving three organisms found in the photograph
above. (1mk)

b. Draw a well labeled pyramid of biomass using the food chain in (a) above.
(3mks)

What feeding relationships are exhibited by the animals shown in the photographs?
(2mks)

c. Give the adaptations of animal R regarding its feeding relationship mentioned in b (ii)
above. (3mks)

d. A number of leaves are represented by leaves A, B, C, D and. Use the dichotomous

key made using leaves A, B, C, D and E below.

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 1a. Leaf veins network……………………………………go to 2
b. Leaf veins parallel……………………………………… B (maize)
2a. Leaf simple………………………………………………… go to 3
b. Leaf compound ………………………………………………go to 4
3a. Leaf margin smooth………………………………………. A (Bougainvillae)
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 b. Leaf margin serrated…………………………………….. D (Hibiscus)
4a. Leaf with five leaflets……………………………………. C (Bombax)
b. Leaf with many leaflets………………………………….E (Acacia)
e. Using the above dichotomous key show the steps and identify at the leaves shown
above. (10mks)
Leaf Steps Identity
A 1a, 2a, 3a Bougainvillae
B 1b Maize
C 1a, 2b, 4a Bombax
D 1a,2a,3b Hibiscus
E 1a,2b,4b Acacia

3. You are provided with three unknown solutions labeled F, G1 and G2. G1 is the same as
G2 except that G2 has been boiled. You are also provided with iodine solution,
Benedict’s solution, means of heating 250ml beaker labeled for a warm water bath,
thermometer, tripod stand, meansof timing, test-tubes, test tube holder and test tube rack.
a. Place 2ml of solution F in a test tube and add an equal volume of Benedict’s solution.
i. Shake to mix and then heat to boil and write down your observation.
(1mk)

ii. What conclusion do you make from your observation in a (i) above?
(1mk)

b. Place 2ml of solution F in a test tube. Add 3 drops of iodine solution and shake to mix
and write down your observation. (1mk)

iii. What conclusion do you make from your observation in b(i) above?
(1mk)
c. Place 4ml of solution F in a test tube and add 10 drops of solution G1 and mix. Allow
the mixtures to stand in a warm water bath between 35OC – 38OC for 10 minutes.
Divide the resulting mixture into two portions.
i. To one portion in a test tube add 3 drops of iodine solution and shake to mix
and write your observation. (1mk)

ii. What conclusion can you make from your observation in c (i) above?
(1mk)

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 iii. To the second portion in a test tube add 2ml of Benedict’s solution, shake to
mix and heat to boil and write your observation.
(1mk)

iv. What conclusion can you make from your observation in c (iii) above?
(1mk)

d. To about 4ml of solution F in a test tube add 10 drops of G2 and mix, allow the
mixture to stand in a warm water bath between 35OC – 38OC for 10minutes. Divide
the resulting mixture into two, carry out iodine test and Benedict’s test as described in
( c ) above and complete the table below.
(4mks)
Test Observations Conclusion
Iodine test

Benedict’s test

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NAME….……………………………………….ADM NO………..DATE……………SIGN…..

231/1 BIOLOGY THEORY PAPER 1

AUG 2022
TIME:2 HRS

FORM FOUR

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.

2. Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3. Read all questions and answer in the spaces provided.
4. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed
as indicated and that no questions are missing.
5. No blank spaces should be left during examination as they do not score.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

GRAND TOTAL

1. (a) State the function of a mirror in a light microscope. (1 mark)

b) Give one reason why the coarse adjustment knob should not be used to lower the high power objective. (1
mark)

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2. The set below illustrates a certain physiological process:

(a) (i) Name the physiological process (1 mark)

(ii) Give two examples of the process names in (a) (i) above in plants. (2 marks)

(b) State two ways by which the movement of dye molecules in the set up would be going down. (2 marks)

3. The table below shows the percentage concentration of certain substances in blood plasma glomerular
filtrate and urine in a human being at a particular time.

Percentage concentration
Substance Blood plasma Glomerular filtrate Urine
Glucose 0.023 0.02 0.0
Water 92.70 92.70 96.08
Protein 5.69 0.0 0.0
Urea 0.087 0.098 2.6
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 (a) Explain the likely impact on the composition of urine in case of the following:
(i) Vigorous physical exercises (2 marks)

(ii) A meal rich in proteins (2 marks)

(b) Name the processes responsible for:

(i) Presence of glucose in glomerular filtrate (1 mark)

(ii) Absence of glucose in urine (1 mark)

4. State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (3 marks)

5. How does nutrition as a characteristic of living organisms differ in plants and animals? (2 marks)

6. The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student at the sea shore.

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 (a) Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1 mark)

(b) Give three reasons for your answer in (a) above. (3 marks)

7. The figure below is a fine structure of a generalized animal cell as seen under an electron microscope.

(a) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2 marks)

A ………………………………………………………………………

B ………………………………………………………………………

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 (b)How is the structure labeled B adapted to its function? (2 marks)

8. In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw cylinders using a cork borer. The cylinders were
cut back to 50mm length and placed in a beaker containing a solution. The results after 40 minutes were as shown in the
table below.

Feature Result

Average length of cylinders (mm) 56 mm

Stiffness of cylinders Stiff

(a) Account for the results in the table above. (3 marks)

(b) What would be a suitable control set-up for the investigation?(1 marks)

9. The table below shows results of a study of three plants C, D and E growing in different habitats.

Feature Plant C Plant D Plant E

Number of stomata on upper surface of 4 20 6

leaf per square area

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 Number of stomata on lower surface of 6 0 8
leaf per square area

Thickness of leaf cuticle (mm) 0.4 0.1 0.2

Surface area of roots (cm3) 2000 1000 1200

(a)Which one of the plant C, D and E grows in an area of relatively low water availability?(1 mk)

(b) Explain your answer in (i) above. (2 marks)

10. The diagram below shows part of the mammalian system

(a) Name the parts labeled F and G. (2 marks)

F ……………………………………………………………………………
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 G ……………………………………………………………………………

(b) State one function of each of the parts labeled H and J (2 marks)

H …………………………………………………………………………

J ………………………………………………………………………….

11. The diagram below shows a reproductive structure of a plant.

a) i. Identify the reproductive structure. (1mk)

ii. In which part of the reproductive system is the structure produced? (1mk)

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b) Name division of the plant that produces the reproductive structure above. (1mk)

c) Name structures E and F (2mks)

E_______________

F_______________

12.a) What is pollination? (1mk)

b) Cross pollination leads to cross fertilization which results to hybrid vigour. State three mechanisms that encourages
cross pollination instead of self pollination. (3mks)

13. Define the terms; (2mks)

i. Ovulation

ii. Implantation

14. Explain why

a) A pregnant woman needs to be on a diet rich in proteins and mineral salts such as calcium. (2mks)

b) A drop in progesterone levels during pregnancy my cause miscarriage. (2mks)

15. Outline two precautions taken when collecting and observing specimens. (2mks)
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16. Below is a diagram representing one of the apparatus used in biological studies?

i) Identify the apparatus. (1mk)

ii) Name two animals which require the use of the apparatus during their collection. (2mks)

17. a) What are the benefits of scientific skills acquired in studying Biology? (2mks)

b) Outline two ways in which an aircraft can be compared to a bird apart from flying. (2mks)

18. Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants. (2mks)

19. What is meant by each of the following?

i) Pyramid of biomass? (1mk)

ii) Pyramid numbers?(1mk)

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20. (a) Name the organism that;

i. Causes malaria (1mk)

ii. Transmits malaria (1mk)

b) State two control measures for malaria (2mks)

21. a) What is meant by the term binomial nomenclature(1mk)

b) State two guidelines that should be followed when typing scientific name. (2mks)

22. An individual is of blood group B positive.

a) Name the antigens in the individual’s blood. (2mk)

b) Give the reasons why the individual cannot receive from a blood group A donor. (2mks)

23. Colour blindness is a sex linked trait controlled by a recessive b. If a mother is a carrier and the father is normal, what
is the chance that their son will be colour blind? Show your working. (3mks)

24. State two advantages of using a coverslips when preparing a specimen for observation under a light microscope.
(2mks)

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Name……………………………………………………. Index No…………………/…….

School…………………………………………………………………………………………….

Date………….…………………………… Candidate’s Signature………………………

231/2

BIOLOGY

(THEORY)

Paper 2

AUG2022

Time: 2 Hours

MUMIAS WEST SCHOOLS JOINT EXAMINATION - 2022

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• This paper consists of two sections A and B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A
• Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in section B.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

A 1 8

2 8

3 8

4 8

5 8

B 6 20

7 20

8 20

Total Marks 80

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 SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided:

1. The diagram below illustrates the structure of the kidney nephron.

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 (a) Name the part labeled E. (1 mark)

(b)How is the part labeled F adapted to its function? (4 marks)

(c) State three physiological mechanisms of controlling the human body

temperature during a cold day. (3 marks)

2. The genetic disorder hemophilia is due to a recessive sex linked gene .A man who is hemophilic marries a
woman who is carrier for the condition.

a) Using letter H to represent the gene normal condition and letter h for the gene for hemophiliac condition.

i) What is the genotype for the man and the woman? (2marks)

ii) Work out a cross between the man and woman (3marks)

b) What is the chance that both the first and second sons will be hemophiliac?(2marks)

c) Hemophilia is more common in males than in female humans. Explain (1mark)

3. The diagram below represents a state in cell division. Study it and answer the questions below.

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 A

(a) Name the stage of cell division illustrated in the diagram above. (1 mark)

(b) Name the parts labelled A, B and C (3 marks)

(c) State THREE differences between mitosis and meiosis. (3 marks)

(d) Name the process during which the exchange of genetic materials occur at prophase 1 of meiosis.
(1 mark)

4. The diagram below indicates an organism that grows under shaded places with damp conditions. Study it
and answer the questions that follow.

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 (a) Name the division to which the specimen belongs. (1 mark)

(b) Name and state the functions of the parts labeled Q, R and S. (6 marks)

(c) Name the two body forms of the organism in its alternation of generation. (2 marks)

5. a) Explain how the following meristematic tissues contribute to growth of higher plants

i) Vascular cambium (2marks)

ii) Cork Cambium (2marks)

b) The diagram below shows a life cycle of a cockroach

a) Name the hormone that would be at high concentration during.

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 (i) First week (1mark)

(ii) Second week (1mark)

b) Name the structure that produces hormone in a (ii) above (1marks)

c) Name the series of stages through which the nymph undergoes to reach adult stage (1marks)

SECTION B:(40 MARKS)

Answer question 6 (Compulsory) and EITHER question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.

6. An experiment was carried out in which red blood cells were put in salt solutions of different
concentrations. The table below shows the percentage of cells which were destroyed by haemolysis in
different salt concentration.

Salt concentration % of RBC destroyed

(g/dm³) By haemolysis

0 100

1 100

2 100

2.5 100

3.0 100

3.5 96

3.7 80

4.0 60

4.5 16

4.7 0

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 5.0 0

6.0 0

(a) Draw a graph of percentage of red blood cells haemolysed against salt concentration. (6 marks)

(b) Explain haemolysis of red blood cells. (3 marks)

(c) From the graph, state:

(i) the salt concentration at which 50% red blood cells were haemolysed. (1 mark)

(ii) the highest salt concentration when the largest number of red blood cells were haemolysed.
(1 mark)

(d) (i) Suggest the normal salt concentration in the blood of the mammal from which the red blood cells were
obtained. (2 marks)

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 (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (d) (i) above. (1 mark)

(iii)What term is used to describe the solution with equal solute concentration as that of the cells?(1 mark)

(e) Name the process in the human body that ensures that haemolysis of red blood cells is prevented.
(1 mark)

(f) State four roles of osmosis in organisms. (4 marks)

7. Describe the role of hormones in the mammalian female reproductive cycle. (20 marks)

8. Describe the

(i) Process of inhalation in mammals (10 marks)

(ii) Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata (10 marks)

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Name…………………………………………………………………………………………………Adm no. …………………

Class…………………………..…. School ………………………………………………..................Sign………………

231/3

BIOLOGY

PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)

AUG 2022

Time: 1 ¾ HOURS

MUMIAS WEST JOINT EXAMS- JUNE 2022

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Answer ALL the questions.

• Answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.

• Additional pages must not be inserted.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

1 12

2 14

3 14

Total Score 40

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1. Study the photograph below and answer the questions that follow.

a) State two organ systems in which the two organs in the photograph above are found.
(2mks)

b) Label on the photograph the following structures. (4mks)

(i) Bronchi
(ii) Left ventricle
(iii) septum
(iv) trachea

c) State one feature of the following structures identified in( b) above and give the importance of the features.
(4mks)
structure feature Importance

Left ventricle

Trachea

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 d) Use an arrow to show the flow of carbon (iv) oxide molecule thorough the chambers of the heart towards the
lungs. (1mk)

e) State one observable features of lungs in the photograph above that suits them to their function. (1mks)

2) You are provided with the following. Solution P, Q and Z.

(a) (i) Put 2 cm3 of solution P into two test tubes labeled A and B. Add three drops of iodine solution into test tube
A. Observe and record. (1 mark)

(ii) To test tube B, add an equal amount of Benedict’s solution. Heat to boil. Record your observation.
(1 mark)

(iii) From the results in (a) (i) and (ii), identify solution P. (1 mark)

(iv) Put 2cm3 of solution Z into a clean test tube labeled C. Add equal volume of Benedict’s solution. Heat to boil.
Record your observation (1 mark)

(v) Open the visking tubing provided and tie one end tightly, Pour solution P into the visking tubing and add 1cm3 of the
solution R. Tie the other end of the visking tubing and ensure there is no leakage at both ends. Pour solution Z into a
clean beaker till it is half full. Immerse visking tube in the solution Z in the beaker. Allow it to stand for 30 minutes. After
30 minutes, take 2cm3 of solution Z from the beaker into a clean test tube labeled D. Add equal amount of Benedict’s
solution. Heat to boil. Record your observation. (1 mark)

(vi)Account for the observation made in (v) above. (3 marks)

(vii) What is the identity of solution R? (1 mark)

(viii) State one factor that can affect the process demonstrated in 2a (v) above (1 mark)
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b) Use the reagents provided to test for the food substance in solution Q.

Food substance procedure observation conclusion

(4mks)

3. The photograph below shows specimen L. You are also provided with other two specimens labeled k and M.
Study them then answer questions that follow:

Photograph L.

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a) Identify the specimens. (3mks)

b) State two adaptive characteristic features of the specimen L. (2mks)

c) State two observable differences between specimen L and M. (2mks

Bone L Bone M

d) (i) Draw and label the anterior parts of specimen K. (3mks)

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 (ii)State ways by which specimen K is adapted to its functions. (2mks)

(iii) Name the bone that articulates with specimen K at the:

Proximal end (1mk)

Distal end (1mk)

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