Tra-nslation of ‘’Il y a’’

1-Quantity or existence:
By’’ There is’’
-a) ‘’There is ‘’ (singular)
Ex: There is a teacher in the classroom. \ There was a doctor here yesterday.
There will be a lawyer here tomorrow.
-b) ‘’There are ‘’ (plural)
Ex: There are fifty two teachers in this school.(present)
Last year there were twenty five in my school.(past)
There will be sixty teachers in this class next year.(Future)
2-‘’It is’’ is used when ‘’Il y a’’ expresses distance.
Ex: How far is it from here to Pétion Ville.
It is 10 kilometers from here to Pétion Ville.
3-If ‘’il y a’’ expresses the duration of time there are three possibilities.
-a)It is ……since + past tense.
Ex: It is two days I saw Rose.
-b)lf ‘’il y a’’ is in the middle of the sentence in french are use ‘’ago’’ at the end +
simple past.
Ex: l saw Rose two days ago.
When we question: How long ago did l see Rose?
Note: all the actions with is it……since, ago are over. But if the action is not ‘’for’’
is use in the action. ‘’is’’ in present perfect or present perfect continuous.
Ex: l have lived here for five years
I am still living here.
Bob has taught English for seven years.
Bob has been teaching for seven years.
To indicate a duration of time so there no precision. (translation of ‘’depuis’’) we
use present perfect or present perfect continuous + for.
Ex: We have studied Spanish for five years.
We have been studying Spanish for five years.
I haven’t seen John for a long time ago.
I haven’t been seeing John for a long time.
Note: when there is precision ‘’since’’ is used. Since indicates when the began.
And present perfect or present continuous is used also.
Ex: I have been here since 5 o’clock.
You have lived here since 1998.
Paul has studied English since 2000.
Notes:
∫ years → yesterday
∫ one year → the beginning
∫ hours → 6:30
-for ∫ two months but since → 2005
∫ a long time → November
∫ many time → last week
∫two days now →last month
We use ‘’how long?’’ in question about time.
We use “since’’ and ‘’for’’ in answer to question about time.
Since means ‘’from before until now’’
-for means ‘’as log as’’
How long has he taught English? →He has taught English since 1991.E
It’s 2025 now. He has taught English for 34 years.
How long has he worked in this? →He worked here since October.
It’s February now. He worked for five months.
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
A-Complete the blank space in each sentence with: for, since, ago.
1-My friend has studied English in this class __________ last October.
2-The Browns have lived in Port-au-Prince __________ 1965.
3-Mr. Smith has studied English in this class __________ five months.
4-Professor Samuel has taught here ___________ ten years.
5-Mary has been here _________ the beginning of the year.
6-Eddy’s sister has had her diploma ___________ over two week now.
7-They have been playing ___________ eight o’clock.
8-It’s February now. He has worked _________ four months.
9-He saw your uncle one year _______________.
10-We have studied English ___________ four years.
B-Use the correct form of the following verb in parentheses each sentence.
1-We (study) _________________________ English in this class since September.
2-My teacher (teach) _____________________ English at this school for six years.
(he’s still teaching)
3-How long ago (see) __________________________ your father?
4-There (be) ____________________ a nurse here soon.
5-You (play) _____________________ foot- ball for 2 hours. (You still play)
6-Tey (live) ________________________ here since 1998.
7-It is two days since I (study, not) _____________________ Spanish.
8-I (see) ____________________ five days ago.
9-I (see) ________________________ Peter for a long time.
10-Mr Paul (teach) ____________________ English for 10 years.
Important irregular verbs to remember
Base form(infinitives) Past tense Past Participle Translation
1-To arise arose arisen →se lever \ s’elever
2-To awake awoke awaked s’éveiller
3-To be was \ were been être
4-To bear bore borne porter \ supporter
5-To become became become devenir
6-To begin began begun commencer
7-To bite bit bit mordre
8-To bleed bled bled saigner
9-To blow blew blown souffler
10-To break broke broken romper \ briser
11-To bring brought brought apporter
12-To build built built construire
13-To burn burnt burnt bruler
14-To buy bought bought acheter
15-To catch caught caught attraper
16-To choose chose chosen choisir
17-To clothe clad clad s’habiller
18-To come came come venir
19-To deal dealt dealt trafiquer
20-To do did done faire
21-To draw drew drawn dessiner
22-To dream dreamt dreamt rêver
23-To drink drank drunk boire
24-To drive drove driven conduire
25-To eat ate eaten manger
26-To fall fell fallen tomber
27-To feed fed fed nourir

29-To fight fought fought combattre

30-To find found found trouver
31-To forget forgot forgotten oublier
32-To forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
33-To freeze froze frozen geler
34-To get got got obtenir
35-To give gave given donner
36-To grow grew grown croire
37-To have had had avoir
38-To hear heard heard entendre
39-To hold held held tenir
40-To kneel knelt knelt s’agenouiller
41-To know knew known savoir \ connaitre
42-To lead led led conduire
43-To lean leant leant s’appuyer
44-To learn learnt learnt apprendre
45-To hide hid hid\ hidden cacher.
46-To live left left laisser \ partir
47-To lend lent lent prêter
48-To light lit lit allumer
50-To lose lost lost perdre
51-To make made made faire
52-To mean meant meant signifier
53-To meet met met rencontrer
54-To mistake mistook mistaken se tromper
55-To pay paid paid payer
56-To ring rang rung sonner
57-To say said said dire
58-To see saw seen voir
59-To rise rose risen se lever
60-To run ran run courir
61-To seek sought sought chercher
62-To sell sold sold vendre
63-To sew sewed sewn coudre
64-To shake shook shaken secouer
65-To shine shone shone briller
66-To shoe\ shoot shod \shot shod\sot chausser
67-To show showed shown montrer
68-To sing sang song chanter

69-To sleep sleplt slept dormir

70-To slide slid slid glisser
71-To smell smelt smelt sentir
72-To sow sowed sown semer
73-To speak spoke spoken parler
74-To spell spelt spelt eppeler
75-To spend spent spent depenser\passer
76-To stand stood stood se tenir debout
77-To spit spat spat cracher
78-To strike struck struck frapper
79-To swear swore swore jurer
80-To steal stole stolen voler, derober
81-stick stuck stuck coller
82-To sweep swept swept bilayer.