Questions 1–8: True, False, Not Given
1. Answer: FALSE
The passage states, "The oil grew darker according to how long the livers were
left, resulting in three grades of oil: pale, light brown and dark brown."
2. Answer: TRUE
The passage notes, "Ludovicus Josephus de Jongh of the Netherlands produced the
first extensive chemical analysis of cod liver oil in 1843. His studies of the
three grades of oil led him to conclude that the light-brown oil was the most
healthy. He attributed this superiority to the larger quantities of iodine,
phosphate of chalk and volatile acids found in it."
3. Answer: TRUE
The passage mentions de Jongh’s chemical analysis (indicating he was a researcher)
and states, "By the 1850s, 'Dr. de Jong's Light Brown Cod Liver Oil' was marketed
throughout Europe and exported to the United States,"
4. Answer: NOT GIVEN
The passage discusses the disagreeable taste and smell of cod liver oil and
mentions de Jongh’s suggestions to mitigate it (e.g., following it with fruit,
biscuit, or wine) and others combining it with coffee or ketchup. However, there is
no mention of "many scientists"
5. Answer: NOT GIVEN
The passage describes Scott and Bowne’s efforts to produce a more pleasant
preparation, resulting in Scott’s Emulsion, but it does not compare their
experimental methods to de Jongh’s.
6. Answer: FALSE
The passage states, "Though not a doctor or pharmacist by training, Scott had the
eye for opportunity that was necessary for achievement in business."
7. Answer: FALSE
The passage says, "Scott got his oil for Scott’s Emulsion directly from the Lofoten
Islands in Norway, the world center of cod fishery."
8. Answer: TRUE
The passage notes, "The codfish streamed to the islands in early January to lay
their eggs, and by the end of April were gone."
Questions 9–16: Complete the Notes (One Word Only)
9. Answer: WINE
The passage states, "De Jongh believed the problem of the oil’s unpleasant taste
and smell could be overcome… by following it with some fruit or biscuit, or glass
of wine."
10. Answer: COFFEE
The passage mentions, "It was often combined with coffee, although a few people
recommended taking the oil with tomato ketchup."
11. Answer: MILK
The passage states, "‘Palatable as milk’ became a key phrase in Scott’s
advertising."
12. Answer: ROPE
The passage describes, "A thick rope, wrapped round his waist, shoulders and hands,
secures the load on his back."
13. Answer: TAIL
The passage notes, "a huge fish with gaping mouth and glassy yellow eye, its tail
sweeping the floor."
14. Answer: SPOTS
The passage states, "The common codfish is recognizable by the brown and amber
spots all over its body."
15. Answer: QUALITY
The passage says, "The realistic image, a direct reference to the natural source of
the medicine, served as a reassurance of quality in a market that contained some
impure, unsafe products."
16. Answer: BUILDING
The passage mentions, "and in one instance painted several stories high on the side
of a building."
