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2005年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语（一）

（科目代码：201）

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 Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be

insensitive smellers compared with animals, ] this is largely because,

2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to
perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells

which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,

6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human
smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not
another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be

because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell
receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send
11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a

certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often

enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it

14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new
receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive

to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual
smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.

The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and
emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of

fire.

英语(一)试题.1.(共14页)
 1. A. although B. as C. but D. while

2. A.above B. unlike C. excluding D. besides

3. A. limited B. committed C. dedicated D. confined

4. A. catching B, ignoring C. missing D. tracking

5. A. anyway B. though C. instead D. therefore

6. A. even if B. if only C. only if D. as if

7. A. distinguishing B, discovering C. determining D. detecting

8. A. diluted B. dissolved C. dispersed D. diffused

9. A. when B. since C. for D. whereas

10. A. unusual B. particular C. unique D. typical

11. A. signs B. stimuli C. messages D. impulses

12. A. at first B. at all C. at large D. at times

13. A. subjected B. left C. drawn D. exposed

14. A. ineffective B. incompetent C. inefficient D. insufficient

15. A. introduce B. summon C. trigger D. create

16. A. still B. also C. otherwise D. nevertheless

17. A. sure B. sick C. aware D. tired

18. A. tolerate B. repel C. neglect D. notice

19. A. available B. reliable C. identifiable D. suitable

20. A. similar to B, such as C. along with D. aside from

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

英语（ ）试题.2.（共14页）
 Text 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you
learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation
for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too
human" , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable
of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and
Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been
published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.
They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share
their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to
pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and servicesthan males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr.
de WaaFs study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to
exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to
exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys
were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what
the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly
different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to
cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her
token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at
all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,
or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape
in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce
resentment in a female capuchin.
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by
social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such
co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being
cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of
people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings
abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense
of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems
from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet,
an unanswered question.

英语（ ）试题.3.（共14页）
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by.
A. posing a contrast
B. justifying an assumption ”
C. making a comparison
D. explaining a phenomenon

22. The statement “it is all too monkey" ( Last line, Paragraph 1) implies
that.
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys, nature
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because
they are.
A. more inclined to weigh what they get
B. attentive to researchers9 instructions
C. nice in both appearance and temperament
D. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the
monkeys.
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers
B. can be taught to exchange things
C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated
D. are unhappy when separated from others

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

英语（一）试题.4.（共14页）
 Text 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would
kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence
was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to
destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of
Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million
smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try
to awaken us to the growing threat of global wanning. The latest was a panel
from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us
that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely wanning and that the problem is largely
man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.
The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in
the preface to the panefs report: u Science never has all the answers. But science
does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that
our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that
science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. ”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the
science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes
into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game： by the time 100
percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and
growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious
that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming
seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research一
a classic case of "paralysis by analysis".
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on
deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the
Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin
fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of
West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a
promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new
power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the
atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

英语（ ）试题.5.（共14页）
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that.
A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking
and death ”
B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as.

A. a protector
B. a judge
C. a critic
D. a guide

28. What does the author mean by uparalysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?
A. Endless studies kill action.
B. Careful investigation reveals truth.
C. Prudent planning hinders progress.
D. Extensive research helps decision-making.

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global
wanning?
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B. Raise public awareness of conservation.
C. Press for further scientific research.
D. Take some legislative measures.

30. The author associates the issue of global wanning with that of smoking
because.
A. they both suffered from the government's negligence
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D. both of them have turned from bad to worse

英语（一）试题.6.（共14页）
 Text 3

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least

within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is
suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his
revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious
desires and fears ； by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as
just u mental noise—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes
on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's
emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is u off-line. " And one
leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only
harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel
better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at
Chicago's Medical Center. uIf you don't like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active
during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it
is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But
not all parts of the brain are equally involved ； the limbic system (the " emotional
brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect
and reasoning) is relatively quiet. " We wake up from dreams happy or
depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep
researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in
Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the
night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they
are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our
conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the
emotional significance of the day's events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one
can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you
awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would
like it to end instead ； the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control
its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there5s probably little reason to pay attention to our
dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or " we wake up in a panic,"
Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of
insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent
nightmares should seek help from a therapist. Fpr the rest of us, the brain has its
ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll
feel better in the morning.

英语（ ）试题.7.（共14页）
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams.
A. can be modified in their courses
B. are susceptible to emotional^changes
C. reflect our innermost desires and fears
D. are a random outcome of neural repairs

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show.

A. its function in our dreams
B. the mechanism of REM sleep
C. the relation of dreams to emotions
D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to.
A. aggravate in our unconscious mind
B. develop into happy dreams
C. persist till the time we fall asleep
D. show up in dreams early at night

34. Cartwright seems to suggest that.

A. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
C. dreams should be left to their natural progression
D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
A. Lead your life as usual.
B. Seek professional help.
C. Exercise conscious control.
D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

英语（一）试题.8.（共14页）
 Text 4

Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing,

to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such
command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The
Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John
McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative
views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of
formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another
criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter's academic speciality
is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of
"whom" , for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the
case-endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, u doing our own thing" , has
spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the
modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the
1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture
spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal,
performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral
and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low
culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less
clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a
linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non­
standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no
language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not
arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk
proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of
memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech
that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter
acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no
radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something
beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of
china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

英语（一）试题.9 .（共14页）
36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English.
A. is inevitable in radical education reforms
B. is but all too natural in language development
C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture
D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s

37. The word utalking,, (Line 7, Paragraph 3) denotes.

A. modesty
B. personality
C. liveliness
D. informality

38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?
A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
D. Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.

39. The description of Russians9 love of memorizing poetry shows the

author's.
A. interest in their language
B. appreciation of their efforts
C. admiration for their memory
D. contempt for their old-fashionedness

40. According to the last paragraph, upaper plates” is to "china"as.

A. u temporaryn is to u permanentn
B. “radical” is to uconservativeM
C. “functional" is to "artistic"
D. "humble" is to "noble"

英语（一）试题.10.（共14页）
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered
blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments) , if they have any

breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,
might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.
They9 re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing
component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
41. |
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on
health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the
creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of
approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all
would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.
42.
But “ national" doesn't have to mean that. " National" could mean
interprovincial一provinces combining efforts to create one body.
Either way, one benefit of a "national” organization would be to negotiate
better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one
province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a
given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf
of all provinces.
Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people,
the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic
economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood
of a better price.
43.
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the
creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,
funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review
recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably,
and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They
(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions

英语（ ）试题.11 .（共14页）

with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a national list
hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.
44.
Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow5s report selectively, especially the
parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say
about drugs: "A national drug agency would provide governments more influence
on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost
of drugs."
45.
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual
complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction
that would help their budgets and patients.
A. Quebec,s resistance to a national agency is provincial!st ideology. One of the
first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.
Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual
increases from 14. 3 percent to 26. 8 percent!
B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: "The substantial buying power of such
an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to
negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.
C. What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby
recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created
National Health Council.
D. The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will
continue to increase faster than government revenues.
E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug
costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.
Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of
treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds.
Part of it is higher prices.
F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they
can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end
duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played
off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.
G. Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers；
they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from
one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on
its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like
a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

英语（一）试题.12.（共14页）
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
(10 points)

It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly
significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and
one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television
is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps
never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in
the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything
other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we
can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere,
multi-media groups have been increasingly successful ； groups which bring together
television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in
relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while
abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to
be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone
demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact
underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,
no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television
companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and
traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no
easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe
for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,
whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different
from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co­
productions ,the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also
involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European
bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments
Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing
with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, “ United we stand,
divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our
diversity. n A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities
of each country.

英语(一)试题.13.(共14页)
 Section ID Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Two months ago you got a” job as an editor for the magazine Designs
& Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You
decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision,
stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER
SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter； use "Li Ming”
instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give
your comment on it.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
二儿子

养老“足球赛”

2005年考研英语（一）真题答案速查表
1 - 5 CBACB 6 ~ 10 ADADB 11-15 CADCD 16-20 BCDAB 21-25 CBACB
26 ~30 CDADB 31 ~35 ACDDA 36 ~40 BDABC 41 ~45 ECGFB
46. 电视是引发和传递这些感受的方式之一。在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它将不同的民族和
国家联系在一起，其作用之大，或许前所未有。
47. 像其他地方一样,欧洲的多媒体集团蒸蒸日上，这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志
及出版社等媒体联合到一起。
48. 仅此一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存并非易事，统计数字更加印证了这一事实:
1989年，在80家欧洲电视网中，多达一半出现了亏损。
49. 欧洲大陆是由不同的文化和传统联结成一体的，因而要创造出一种尊重不同文化和传统
的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性选择。
50. 在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“合则存，分则亡”。

英语（一）试题.14.（共14页）
 请叫我，大侦探家!

清晨8点，
为何飘出阵阵奇香？
下午3点，
为何有滚轮的声音？
深夜11点，
图书馆竟出现围观现象？
这背后究竟是人性的扭曲？
还是道德的沦丧？

23：00pm

考研直播哥
每天自习室直播

学习15小时，万
千粉丝追捧，自

习室红人一枚。

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|闪过也有大发现—

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