ST.

JOSEPH’S RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL

SRIPERUMBUDUR – 602105

Grade : X Agriculture Mr.Dass -SJRS

1. Why do farming practices vary in different regions? Give three major reasons.
Three major reasons are:
i. Physical environment, i.e., relief, soil and climate.
ii. Technological know-how.
iii. Socio-cultural practices.
2.Name some industries based on agricultural raw material.
Cotton Textile Industry and Sugar Industry.
3.What factors does primitive subsistence farming depend on?
Factors:
 Monsoons
 Natural fertility of the soil
 Suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.
4.Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its
growth.
Tea is also an important beverage crop introduced in India, along with coffee. The tea plant grows
well in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It requires deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and
organic matter. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent
showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.

5.Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Cotton is one of the staple crops of India. Major cotton-producing states are – Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

6.Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest
of farmers.
Abolition of zamindari.
Consolidation of smallholdings.
Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire, and disease.
Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident
Insurance Scheme, and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

7.The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
India shall no longer be self-sufficient in its requirements of food grains.
Landless labourers will outweigh the ranks of unskilled – unemployed workers in India.
More farmers will switch over to the cultivation of high-value crops.

8.Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Organic farming is much in vogue today because it is practiced without factor made chemicals such
as fertilisers and pesticides. Hence, it does not affect the environment in a negative manner. Indian farmers
should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops. This will increase incomes and
reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. Because fruits, medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, bio-
diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba need much less irrigation than rice or sugarcane. India’s diverse climate
can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.

9.How did the partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
Jute: It is known as the golden fibre. Jute grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the flood plains
where soils are renewed every year. High temperature is required during the time of growth. It is used in
making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets, and other artifacts. Due to its high cost, it is losing the
market to synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon.
10.Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
This Kharif crop requires high temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall
over 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. Rice is grown in the plains of
north and northeastern India, coastal areas, and the deltaic regions. Development of a dense network of
canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab,
Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan.

11.Name three cropping seasons of India. Write their sowing and harvesting time and major crops of
each season.
Rabi, Kharif and Zaid are the three cropping seasons.
I. Rabi crops (Winter crops):
These are sown in winter from October to December.
Harvested in summer from April to June.
Important crops are wheat, barley, mustard, peas, gram etc.
II. Kharif crops (Crops of the rainy season):
These are sown with the onset of monsoon (June-July) and are harvested in September-October.
Important crops are rice, maize, millets, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and
soyabean.
III. Zaid season:
It is a short cropping season during summer months (mainly between March-April and June-July in
different parts of the country).
Important crops are watermelon, musk melon, cucumber and fodder crops, etc.
12.Where are rabi crops mainly grown? Describe the climatic conditions required for their growth.
Rabi crops such as wheat and other crops are grown mainly in states from the north and north-
western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal and Uttar
Pradesh. Climatic conditions: Availability of precipitation during winter months due to western temperate
cyclones help in successful growth.
The green revolution has also been an important factor in the growth of rabi crops.

13.Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of ‘commercial farming’ practiced in India.
Intensive Subsistence Farming Commercial Farming

(i) In this type of farming, production is mainly for (i) In this, crops are mainly grown for commercial

self consumption. purposes.

(ii) It is practised in areas of high population (ii) It is practiced on large pieces of land on scientific and

pressure on land. commercial lines.

(iii) In this type of agriculture, machines and modem

(iii) It is labour intensive farming.
technology are used.

(iv) There is higher use of modern agricultural inputs,

(iv) In this, high doses of biochemical inputs and for example, High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds,

irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. fertilisers, irrigation, etc. are used to obtain higher yields

and production.

(v) The degree of commercialization varies from one

(v) Farmers take maximum output from the limited
region to another. Rice is a commercial crop in Punjab,
land by raising 2-3 crops in a year from the same
while in Orissa it is subsistence crop. For example,
land, i.e., multiple cropping is practised.
Plantation agriculture.