Lesson 18

1.​ ārabhati (makes effort) ~paccāgantvā

~ā √rabh + a + ti = ārabhati ~paccāgantuṃ
~ārabhitvā ~paccāgata
~ārabhituṃ 5.​ abhivādeti (pays homage to)
~ārabhita ~abhi √vad + e + ti =
Bht > ddh abhivādeti
~√labh + ta = laddha (pp of ~abhivādetvā (having paid
labhati) homage, after paying homage)
~ā + √rabh + ta = āraddha ~abhivādetuṃ (to pay
2.​ odahati (gives ear to) homage)
~ava > o √dhā > dhādhā > ~abhivādita (paid homage)
dahati + ti = odahati 6.​ hāyati (diminishes, decays)
~idha (here), iha (here), ida ~√hā + ya + ti = hāyati
(here) ~hāyitvā
~sādhu > sāhu ~hāyituṃ
~odahitvā ~hāyita, hīna
~odahituṃ 7.​ mamāyati (owns, regards as
~odahita one’s own)
3.​ paññāpeti (lays down a rule, ~mama + āya + ti = mamāyati
promulgates, prepares a seat) ~mamāyitvā
~pa √jñā > ññā + āpe + ti = ~mamāyituṃ
paññāpeti ~mamāyita
~paññāpetvā 8.​ apaneti (leads away, takes
~paññāpetuṃ away)
~paññāpita, paññatta (paññāp ~apa + √nī + ti = apaneti
+ta = paññatta (pt> tt) ~apanetvā
4.​ Paccāgacchati (returns) ~apanetuṃ
~pati + ā + √gam + a + ti = ~apanīta
paccāgacchāti (patyāgacchati
> paccāgacchati

Lesson 19

1.​ veṭheti (to coil) ~veṭhetvā (having coiled)

~√veṭh + e + ti ~veṭhetuṃ (to to coil)
 ~veṭhita (coiled) ~gāyituṃ
2.​ vibhāti (to shine) ~gāyita or gīta
~vi √bhā + (a) + ti 8.​ sajjeti (to prepare, decorate)
~vibhāya ~√sajj + a + ti
~vibhātuṃ ~sajjetvā
~vibhāta ~sajjetuṃ
3.​ nahāyati (to bathe) ~sajjita
~√nahā + ya + ti 9.​ vādeti (play a musical
~nahāyitvā instrument)
~nahāyituṃ ~√vad + e + ti = vādeti
~nahāyita ~vādetvā
4.​ khanati (to dig) ~vādetuṃ
~√khan + a + ti ~vādita
~khanitvā 10.​ rodati (to cry, to weep)
~khanituṃ ~√rud + a + ti
~khanita or khata ~roditvā
●​ √han + ta = hata ~rodituṃ
●​ √man + ta = mata ~rodita or runna
●​ √jan + ta = jāta √rud + na = runna
√chid + na = chinna
5.​ niccharati (to come out, emit) √bhid + na = bhinna
~nis √car + a + ti = niccharati 11.​ vikasati (to bloom)
(sc > cch) ~vi √kas + a + ti
~niccharitvā ~vikasitvā
~niccharituṃ ~vikasituṃ
~niccharita ~vikasita or vikaṭṭha
6.​ otarati (to go down into, Vi √kas + ta = vikaṭṭha
descend) 12.​ sandati (to flow)
~ava √tar + a + ti (ava > o) ~√sand + a + ti
~otaritvā ~sanditvā
~otarituṃ ~sandituṃ
~otarita or otiṇṇa ~sandita or sanna
~ava > o + √tar + na > ṇa= √sand + na = sanna
otaṇṇa > otiṇṇa 13.​ pāleti (to protect, to govern)
7.​ gāyati (to sing) ~√pāl + e + ti
~√gī + a + ti (ge> gay > gāy) ~pāletvā
~gāyitvā ~pāletuṃ
 ~pālita ~sannipativā
14.​ sannipatati (assemble) ~sannipatituṃ
~saṃ + ni + √pat + a + ti ~sannipatita

Lesson 20

1.​ Carati (to walk, do, practise) ~vi √nud + e + ti = vinodeti

~√car + a + ti (u> o)
~caritvā ~vinodetvā
~carituṃ ~vinodetuṃ
~carita / ciṇṇa ~vinodita
~√car + na > ṇa = carṇa > 6.​ sodheti (to clean, purify)
ciṇṇa (rṇ> ṇṇ) ~√sudh + e + ti = sodheti
2.​ upapajjati (to go after death) ~sodhetvā
~upa √pad + ya + ti = ~sodhetuṃ
upapajjati (dy> jj) ~sodhita / sujjha
~upapajjitvā ~√sudh + ta = suddha (dhta
~upapajjituṃ >ddh)
~upapajjita /upapanna 7.​ deti
~upa √pad + na = upapanna ~√dā > de + (a) + ti = deti
(dn> nn) ~detvā
3.​ parisujjhati (is purified) ~detuṃ
~pari + √sudh + ya + ti = ~datta
parisujjhati (dhy> jjh) ~√dā > dādā > dād + ta =
~parisujjhitvā datta
~parisujjhituṃ 8.​ adāsi (past of deti or dāti)
~parisujjhita/ parisuddha ​ ~(a) √dā + (s) + i
~pari √sudh + ta = parisuddha 9.​ nidheti (to bury)
(dht > ddh) ~ni √dhā > dhe + ti = nidheti
4.​ paṭihanti (wards off, remove) ~nidhetvā
~pati + √han + (a) +ti = ~nidhetuṃ
paṭihanati /paṭihanti ~nidhita / nihita
~paṭihanitvā / paṭihantvā 10.​Ummujjati (emerge)
~paṭihanituṃ / paṭihantuṃ ~ud √mud + ya + ti =
~paṭihanita / paṭihata ummujjati
~pati √han + ta = paṭihata ~ummujjitvā
5.​ vinodeti (to dispel) ~ummujjituṃ
 ~ummujjita ~apanetuṃ
11.​Nimujjati (to to plunge, sink, ~apanīta
dive) 13.​dhāreti
~ni + √mud + ya + ti ~√dhar + e + ti
~nimujjitvā ~dhāretvā
~nimujjituṃ ~dhāretuṃ
~nimujjita ~dhārita
12.​apa-neti 14.​pilandhati
~apa √nī > ne + ti ~api √na(ṃ>n) dh + a + ti =
~apanetvā pilandhati

Lesson 21

1.​ pūreti (to full, fulfil, practise) ~abhi + √vad + e + ti =

~√pūr + e + ti = pūreti abhivādeti
~pūretvā ~abhivādetvā, abhivādiya
~pūretuṃ ~abhivādetuṃ
~pūrita, puṇṇa √pūr + na > ṇa ~abhivādita
= puṇṇa (rṇ > ṇṇ) 6.​ pūjeti (to worship, offer)
2.​ āmanteti (to address, call) ~√pūj + e + ti
~ā + √mant + e + ti ~pūjetvā
~āmantetvā ~pūjetuṃ
~āmantetuṃ ~pūjita
~āmantita 7.​ roceti (to approve of, is
3.​ akkhāti (to say) pleased)
~ā √khyā > kkhā + ti = ~√ruc + e + ti
akkhāti ~rocetvā
~akkhāya ~rocetuṃ
~akkhātuṃ ~rocita
~akkhāta 8.​ carati (to walk, to practise)
4.​ Namassati to bow down) ~√car + a + ti
~namas + ya + ti = namassati ~caritvā
(sy > ss) ~carituṃ
~namassitvā ~carita, ciṇṇa / √car + na > ṇa
~namassituṃ = ciṇṇa (rṇ > ṇṇ)
~namassita 9.​ naccati (to dance)
5.​ abhivādeti (to worship, adore)
 ~√naṭ > nat + ya + ti = naccati ~vinassita, vinaṭṭha / vi √nas +
(ty > cc) ta = vinaṭṭha (st > ṭṭh)
~naccitvā 15.​kasati (to plough)
~naccituṃ ~√kas + a + ti
~naccita, ~kasitvā
10.​gāyati (to sing) ~kasituṃ
~√gā + ya +ti ~kasita, kaṭṭha √kas + ta =
~gāyitvā kaṭṭha (st > ṭṭh)
~gāyituṃ 16.​uggaṇhāti (to leran)
~gāyita, gīta ~ud √gah + nā > ṇā + ti =
11.​labhati (to get, receive) uggaṇhāti (hṇ > ṇh)
~√labh + a +ti ~uggaṇhitvā, uggahetvā
~labhitvā ~uggaṇhitvā, uggahetuṃ
~labhituṃ, laddhuṃ ~uggaṇhita, uggahita
~ labhita, laddha 17.​sikkhati (to learn, is trained)
12.​majjati (to be intoxicated) ~√sikkh + a + ti
~√mad + ya + ti = majjati ~sikkhitvā
(dy> jj) ~sikkhituṃ
~majjitvā ~sikkhita
~majjituṃ 18.​Uppajjati (is born)
~majjita, matta √mad + ta = ~ud √pad + ya + ti = uppajjati
matta /ud + matta = ummatta (dy > jj)
/māda ~uppajjitvā
13.​sammodati (to rejoice, ~uppajjituṃ
exchange, friendly greetings ~uppajjita, uppanna / ud √pad
with) + na = uppanna (dn > nn)
~saṃ √mud + a +ti = 19.​māreti (to kill)
sammodati ~√mar + e + ti =
~sammoditvā ~māretvā
~sammodituṃ ~māretuṃ
~sammodita ~mārita pp of māreti / mata pp
14.​vinassati (to perish) of marati
~vi √nas + ya + ti = vinassati 20.​āneti (to bring, carry back)
(sy > ss) ~ā √nī > ne + ti = āneti
~vinassitvā ~ānetvā
~vinassituṃ ~ānetuṃ
~ānīta
 21.​māpeti (to build) ~ā √rabh + a + ti
~√māp + e +ti ~ārabhitvā
~māpetvā ~ārabhituṃ
~māpetuṃ ~ārabhita / āraddha / ā √rabh
~māpita + ta = āraddha (dht > ddh)
22.​ārabhati (to begin)

Lesson 22
1.​ sallapati (converses, talks ~saṅkaḍḍa + māna =
with) saṅkaḍḍamāna
~saṃ √lap + a + ti ~saṅkaḍḍa + āna =
~sallapitvā saṅkaḍḍāna
~sallapituṃ 4.​ gāyati (sings)
~sallapita ~√gā + ya + ti = gāyati
~lapa + nt = sallapant ~or √ge > ay > āy+ a + ti =
~sallapa + māna = gāyati
sallapamāna ~gāyitvā
~sallap + āna = sallapāna ~gāyituṃ
2.​ apakkamati (goes away) ~gāyita or gīta
~apa √kam (Sk.kram > kkam) ~gāya + nt = gāyant
+ a +ti ~gāya + māna = gāyamāna
~apakkamitvā ~gāya + āna = gāyāna
~apakkamituṃ 5.​ uddharati (picks up)
~apakkimita, apakkanta ~ud + √dhar + a + ti =
~apakkama + nt = uddharati
apakkamant ~uddharitvā
~apakkama + mana = ~uddharituṃ
apakkamamāna ~uddhaṭa ud √dhar + ta =
~apakkama + āna = uddhaṭa
apakkamāna ~udddhara + nt = uddharant
3.​ saṅkaḍḍati (collects) ~uddhara + māna =
~saṃ √kaḍḍ + a + ti uddharamāna
~saṅkaḍḍitvā ~uddhara + āna = uddharāna
~saṅkaḍḍituṃ 6.​ vissamati (takes rest)
~saṅkaḍḍita ~vi √sam (sk. Śram >ssam) +
~saṅkaḍḍa + nt = saṅkaḍḍant a + ti = vissamati
~vissamitvā
 ~vissamituṃ ~anugata
~vissamita, vissanta ~anugaccha + nt =
~vissama + nt = vissamant anugacchant
~vissama + māna = ~anugaccha + māna =
vissamamāna anugacchamāna
~vissama + āna = vissamāna ~anugaccha + āna =
7.​ dakkhati (sees) anugacchāna
~√dis > dakkh + a + ti 11.​anussarati (calls to mind)
~disvā ~anu + √sar (sk. smṛ > ssar) +
~daṭṭhuṃ a + ti = anussarati
~diṭṭha ~anussaritvā
~dakkha + nt = dakkhant ~anussarituṃ
~dakkha + māna = ~anussarita
dakkhamāna ~anussara + nt = anussarant
~dakkha + āna = dakkhāna ~anussara + māna =
8.​ pasīdati (becomes devoted to, anussaramāna
has faith in, is pleased with) ~anussara + āna = anussarāna
~pa √sad > sīd + a + ti 12.​vigacchati (disappears)
~pasīsitvā ~vi √gam + a +ti
~pasīdituṃ ~vigantvā
~pasīdita or pasanna pa √sad ~vigantuṃ
+ na = pasanna ~vigata
~pasīda + nt = pasīdant ~vigaccha + nt = vigacchant
~pasīda + māna = pasīdamāna ~vigaccha + māna =
~pasīda + āna = pasīdāna vigacchamāna
9.​ vahati (carries, draw) ~viggacha + āna = vigacchāna
~√vah + a + ti = 13.​saṅkamati (walks up and
~vahitvā down)
~vahituṃ ~√kam > kamkam + a + ti =
~vahita or vuḷha kam (caṃ>ṅ) kamati
~vaha + nt = vahant ~caṅkamitvā
~vaha + māna = vahamāna ~caṅkamituṃ
~vaha + āna = vahāna ~caṅkamita / caṅkamanta
10.​anugacchati (follows) ~saṅkama + nt = saṅkamant
~anu √gam + a + ti ~saṅkama + māna =
~anugantvā saṅkamamāna
~anugantuṃ ~saṅkama + āna = saṅkamāna
 14.​āpādeti (brings, leads) ~kathe > kathaya + māna =
~ā √pad + e +ti kathamāna
~āpādetvā ~kathe > kathaya + āna =
~āpādetuṃ kathayāna
~āpādita 18.​cinteti (to think)
~āpāde + nt = āpādent ~cinte + nt = content
~āpāde > aya + māna = ~cinte > cintaya + māna
āpādayamāna =cintayamāna
~āpāde > aya + āna = ~cinte > cintaya + āna =
āpādayāna cintayāna
15.​ārabhati (begins) 19.​Kiṇāti (to buy)
~ā √rabh + a +ti = ārabhati ~kiṇā + nt = kiṇant
~ārabhitvā ~kiṇā + māna =kiṇamāna
~ārabhituṃ ~kiṇā + āna = kiṇāna
~ārabhita, or āraddha 20.​Jināti (to conquer)
~ārabha + nt = ārabhant ~jinā + nt = jinant
~ārabha + māna = ~jinā + māna = jinamāna
ārabhamāna ~jinā + āna = jināna
~ārabha + āna = ārabhāna 21.​Suṇāti (to listen)
16.​coreti (to steal) ~suṇā + nt = suṇant
~core + nt = corent ~suṇā + māna = suṇamāna
~core > coraya + māna = ~suṇā + āna = suṇāna
corayamāna 22.​Jānāti (to know)
~core > coraya + āna = ~jānā + nt = jānant
corayāna ~jānā + māna = jānamāna
17.​katheti (to say) ~jānā + āna = jānāna
~kathe + nt = kathent

Lesson 23

1.​ pāleti (to govern) ~pari + nir √vā + ya + ti =

~√pāl + e + ti = pāleti parinibbāyati (rv > vv > bb)
~pāletvā ~parinibbāyitvā
~pāletuṃ ~parinibbāyituṃ
~pālita ~paribbāyita, parinibbuta
~pālent, pālayamāna ~parinibbāyant,
2.​ parinibbāyati (to pass away) parinibbāyamāna
3.​ kampati (to shake, to tremble) ~uddharant, uddharamāna
~√kamp + a + ti 9.​ naccati (to dance)
~kampitvā ~√nat + ya + ti = naccati (ty>
~kampituṃ cc)
~kampita ~naccitvā
~kampant, kampamāna ~naccituṃ
4.​ māpeti (to build or create) ~naccita
~√mā + āpe + ti ~naccant, naccamāna
~√māp + e + ti 10.​vādeti (to play music)
~māpetvā ~√vad +e + ti = vādeti
~māpetuṃ ~vādetvā
~māpita ~vādetuṃ
~māpent, māpayamāna ~vādita
5.​ kandati (to weep or cry) ~vādent, vādayamāna
~√kand + a +ti 11.​paṭiyādeti (to prepare)
~kanditvā ~pati + √yad + e + ti
~kandituṃ ~paṭiyādetvā
~kandita ~paṭiyādetuṃ
~kandant, kandamāna ~paṭiyādita
6.​ khanati (to dig) ~paṭiyādent, paṭiyādayamāna
~√khan + a + ti 12.​gaṇhāti (to take)
~khanitvā, khantvā ~√gah + nā + ti = gaṇhāti (n >
~khinituṃ, khantuṃ ṇ, hṇ > ṇh)
~khinita, khata ~√gah + (i) +tvā = gahetvā,
~khant, khanamāna gaṇhitvā
~gahetuṃ or gaṇhituṃ
7.​ harati (to carry) ~gahita, gaṇhita
~√har + a + ti ~gaṇhant, gaṇhamāna
~haritvā
~harituṃ 13.​duhati (to milk)
~harita, haṭa ~√duh + a + ti
~harant, haramāna ~duhitvā (having milked)
8.​ uddharati ~duhituṃ
~ud √dhar + a + ti = uddharati ~duhita, duddha
~uddharitvā ~duhant, duhamāna
~uddharituṃ 14.​sammajjati (to sweep)
~uddharita, uddhaṭa ~saṃ √majj + a + ti
 ~sammajjitvā ~pasaṃsant, pasaṃsamāna
~sammajjituṃ 20.​vaḍḍheti (to grow)
~sammajjita ~√vaḍḍh + e + ti
~sammajjant, sammajjamāna ~vaḍḍhetvā
15.​palāyati (to run away) ~vaḍḍhetuṃ
~parā > palā √i > e > ay + a + ~vaḍḍhita
ti = palāyati ~vaḍḍhent, vaḍḍhayamāna
~palāyitvā 21.​viviccati (to depart)
~palāyituṃ ~vi √vic + ya + ti = viviccati
~palāyita (cy > cc)
~palāyant, palāyamāna ~viviccitvā, vivicca
16.​bhijjati (to be broken) ~viviccituṃ
~√bhid + ya + ti = bhijjati (dy ~viviccita, vivitta = vi √vic +
>jj) ta = vivitta (ct> tt)
~bhijjitvā ~viviccant, viviccamāna
~bhijjituṃ 22.​apaharati (to take away)
~bhijjita ~apa √har + a + ti
~bhijjant, bhijjamāna ~apaharitvā
~apaharituṃ
17.​uḍḍeti (to fly) ~apaharita, apahata
~ud √ḍi + ti ~apaharant, apaharamāna
~uḍḍetvā 23.​dadāti
~uḍḍetuṃ ~√dā > dādā + ti = dadāti
~uḍḍita ~daditvā, datvā
~uḍḍent, uḍḍayamāna ~dadituṃ, dātuṃ
18.​vicarati (to move about) ~datta, dinna = √dā > dād+ ta
~vi √car + a + ti = datta (dt > tt) = dad + na =
~vicaritvā danna > dinna
~vicarituṃ ~dadant, dadamāna
~vicarita 24.​pidahati (to close)
~vicarant, vicaramāna ~api √dhā > dhā dhā > daha +
19.​pasaṃsati (to praise) ti = pidahati
~pa √saṃ + a + ti ~pidahitvā
~pasaṃsitvā ~pidahituṃ
~pasaṃsituṃ ~pidahita, pidhita = api √dhā
~pasaṃsita, pasattha / + ta = pidhita
pasaṭṭha ~pidahant, pidahamāna
Root+ConjSign+ti Present Tense(He Gerund Infinitive PP (i)+ta
+V1) (i)+tvā (i)+tuṃ

abhi+√ruh+a+ti abhiruhati(climbs abhirūhitvā abhirūhituṃ abhirūḷha

up)

ā+√gam>cch+a+ti āgacchati(comes) āgantvā,āgam āgantuṃ āgata

ma
ā+√nī+a+ti āneti(brings,leads) ānetvā ānetuṃ āneta/ānīta
anu+√sās+a+ti anusāsati(admonishe anusāsitvā,anus anusāsituṃ anusiṭṭha
s) āsiya
apa+√dhāv+a+ti apadhāvati(runs apadhāvitvā apadhāvituṃ apadhāvita
away)

apa+√gam>cch+a+ti apagacchati(goes apagantvā apagantuṃ apaganta

away)
ava+√ñā>jā+nā+ti avajānāti(despises) avañatvā avañātuṃ avañāta

√badh+a+ti bandhati(binds,ties) bandhitvā bandhituṃ bandhita

√bhaj+a+ti bhajati(associates,fol bhajitvā bhajituṃ bhajita

lows)

√bhū+a+ti bhavati(becomes,to bhavitvā,hutvā bhavituṃ,bhotu bhavita,bh

be) ṃ ūta
√bhū+e+ti bhāveti(developes) bhāvetvā bhāvetuṃ bhāvita
√bhid+a+ti bhindati(breakes) bhinditvā,bhidi bhindituṃ,bhidit bhindita,bi
tvā uṃ nna
√bhu(ṃ>ñ)j+a+ti bhuñjati(eats,enjoys) bhuñjitvā,bhut bhuñjituṃ,bhott bhuñjita,b
vā uṃ hutta
√cal+a+ti calati(moves) calitvā calituṃ calita

√car+a+ti carati caritvā carituṃ carita,ciṇṇ

(walks,practices) a
√cu+a+ti cavati(falls cavitvā cavituṃ cavita/cuta
away,dies)

√chād+e+ti chādeti(covers up) chādetvā chādetuṃ channa,ch

ādita
√chid+a+ti chindati(cuts) chinditvā chindituṃ chindita/ch
inna
√ci+nā+ti cināti(collectes,heaps cinitvā cinituṃ cita
up)
√cint+e+ti cinteti(thinks) cintetvā cintetuṃ cetayita,ci
ntita
√cur+e+ti coreti(steals) coretvā coretuṃ corita
√ḍah+a+ti ḍahati(burns) ḍahitvā ḍahituṃ ḍahita,daḍ
ḍha
√daṇḍ+aya+ti daṇḍayati,daṇḍḍeti(p daṇḍayitvā,daṇ daṇḍayituṃ,daṇ daṇḍayita,
unishes) ḍḍetvā ḍḍetuṃ daṇḍḍita
√das+a+ti dasati,daṃsati(bites) dasitvā,daṃsitv dasituṃ,daṃsitu dasita,daṃ
ā ṃ sita,daṭṭha
√dis>des+e+ti deseti(expounds) desetvā desetuṃ desita
√dhāv+a+ti dhāvati(runs) dhāvitvā dhāvituṃ dhāvita
√i+a>e+ti eti(comes) etvā etuṃ ita
√gam>cch+a+ti gacchati (goes) gantva gantuṃ gata
√gah+nā+ti gaṇhāti(takes,receive gaṇhitvā gaṇhituṃ ganhita
s)

√ghā+ya+ti ghāyati(smells) ghāyitvā ghāyituṃ ghāyita

√han+a+ti hanati,hanti(kills) hantvā hantuṃ hanna
√har+a+ti harati(takes haritvā harituṃ harita,haṭa
away,carries)

√is+a+ti icchati(wishes) icchitvā icchituṃ icchita,iṭṭh

a
√hā+a+ti jahāti(gives jahitvā jahituṃ jahita
up,abandons)

√ñā>jā+nā+ti jānāti(knows) jānitvā,ñatvā nātuṃ jānita,ñāta

√jar+a+ti jarati(decays,decrepit jiṇṇa
s)

√jan+ya+ti jāyati(to be jāyitvā jāyituṃ jāyita,jāta

born,arises)

√ji+nā+ti jināti(conquers) jinitvā,jetvā jinituṃ,jetuṃ jinita,jita

√jīv+a+ti jīvati(lives) jīvitvā jīvituṃ jīvita
√kar+o+ti karoti(makes,does,w karitvā,katvā karituṃ,kātuṃ kata
orks)
√kas+a+ti kasati(ploughes) kasitvā kasituṃ kattha
√khad+a+ti khādati(eats) khāditvā khādituṃ khādita

√kīḷ+a+ti kīḷati(plays) kīḷitvā kīḷituṃ kīḷita

√kī+ṇā+ti kiṇāti(buys) kiṇitvā,ketvā kiṇituṃ,ketuṃ kīta

√mā+āpe+ti māpeti(builds,creates māpetvā māpetuṃ māpita
)

√mar+a+ti marati,mīyati(dies) maritvā marituṃ mata

√muc+ya+ti muccati(becomes muccitvā muccituṃ mutta

free)

√muc+(ṃ)a+ti muñcati,moceti(frees muñcitvā muñcituṃ muñcita,m

,saves) utta

√nas+a+ti nassati(perishes) nassitvā nassituṃ

√ni+a+ti neti,nayati(leads) netvā netuṃ nīta

nis+√kam+a+ti nikkhamati(departs,s nikkhamitvā nikkhamituṃ nikkhanta

etouts)

ni+√sid+a+ti nisīdati(sits) nisīditvā nisīdituṃ nisīdita

√nud+a+ti nudati(dispels) nuditvā nudituṃ nudita/nun
na
ava+√run+a+ti oruhati(climbs orūḷha
down)

pa+√vaj+a+ti(vv>bb pabbajati(goes forth) pabbajitvā pabbajituṃ pabbajita

)
√pac+a+ti pacati(cooks) pacitvā pacituṃ pacita,pak
ka
pa+√har+a+ti paharati(attacks,beat paharitvā paharituṃ paharita,pa
s) haṭa

pa+√hā+a+ti pajahati(gives up) pajahitvā pajahituṃ pajahita,pa

hīna
pa+√ap>papp+o+ti pappoti(approaches) pappuyya,patv pattuṃ patta
ā
pa+√ap>pāp+uṇā+ti pāpuṇāti(attains,reac pāpuṇitvā pāpuṇituṃ pāpunita/p
hes) atta
pari+√vaj+e+ti parivajjeti(avoids) parivajjetvā parivajjetuṃ parivajjita

pa+√sad+a+ti pasīdati(to be pasīditvā pasīdituṃ pasīdita/pa

delighted in) sanna

√dis>pass+a+ti passati(sees) passitvā,disvā passituṃ,daṭṭhu diṭṭha

ṃ
√pat+a+ti patati(falls down) patitvā patituṃ patita

pa+√vis+a+ti pavisati(enters) pavisitvā pavisituṃ paviṭṭha

√phus+a+ti phusati(touches) phusitvā phusituṃ phuṭṭha

√pā+a+ti pivati(drinks) pivitvā pivituṃ pīta
√ram+a+ti ramati(to be ramitvā ramituṃ ramita/rata
delighted in)

√rud+a+ti rudati,rodati(cries) ruditvā,roditvā rudituṃ,rodituṃ rudita,rodi

ta
√ruh+a+ti rūhati,rohati(growes rohitvā rohituṃ rohita
up)

saṃ+√lap+a+ti sallapati(converses.ta sallapitvā sallapituṃ sallapita

lks)

saṃ+√vas+a+ti saṃvasati(lives saṃvasitvā saṃvasituṃ saṃvasita

together)

√si+aya+ti sayati(sleeps,lies sayitvā sayituṃ sayita

down)
√sā+ya+ti sāyati(tastes) sāyitvā sāyituṃ sāyita
√su+ṇā+ti suṇāti(hears) suṇitvā,sutvā suṇituṃ,sotuṃ suṇita,suta
√tan+o+ti tanoti(spreads) tanitvā tanituṃ tata
√tar+a+ti tarati(crosses over) taritvā tarituṃ tarita

√ṭhā+a>tiṭṭha+ti tiṭṭhati(stands) ṭhatvā ṭhātuṃ ṭhāta

√tus+ya+ti tussati(becomes tusssitvā tussituṃ tuṭṭha
glad)

ud+√gam>cch+a+ti uggacchati(goes uggantvā,ugga uggantuṃ ugganta

up,rises) mma
u+√gah+ṇhā+ti uggaṇhāti(learns) uggaṇhitvā uggaṇhituṃ uggaṇhita

upa+√pad+ya+ti upapajjati(arises) upapajjitvā upapajjituṃ upapajjita/

upapanna
ud√pad+ya+ti uppajjati(arises) uppajjitvā uppajjituṃ uppajjita/u
ppanna
ud+√ṭhā+a+ti uṭṭhahati,uṭṭhāti(gets uṭṭhahitvā,uṭṭhā uṭṭhahituṃ,uṭṭhā uṭṭhita
up) ya tuṃ
√vac+a+ti vacati(says) vacitvā vacituṃ vutta

√vad+a+ti vadati(says,tells,spea vaditvā vadituṃ vādita/vutt

k) a
√vaḍḍh+a+ti vaḍḍhati(grows) vaḍḍhitvā vaḍḍhituṃ vaḍḍhita
√vand+a+ti vandati(pays vanditvā vandituṃ vandita
homage)

√vaṇṇ+e+ti vaṇṇeti(describes,pra vaṇṇetvā vaṇṇetuṃ vaṇṇita

ises)

√vap+a+ti vapati(sows) vapitvā vapituṃ vapita,vutt

a
√vas+a+ti vasati(stays) vasitvā vasituṃ vasita,vutt
ha
√vas+ya+ti vassati(rains) vassitvā vassituṃ vassita/vuṭ
ṭha
vi+√car+a+ti vicarati(moves vicaritvā vicarituṃ vicarita
about)

vi+√har+a+ti viharati(lives) viharitvā viharituṃ viharita

√vidh+ya+ti vijjhati(shoots) vijjhitvā vijjhiuṃ vijjhita/vid

dha
vi+√kī+ṇā+ti vikkiṇāti(sells) vikkiṇitvā,vikk vikkiṇituṃ,vikk vikkiṇita
iṇiya etuṃ
vi+pa+√hā+a+ti vippajahati(dispels) vippajahitvā vippajahituṃ vippahīna

vi√ram+a+ti viramati(abstains) viramitvā viramituṃ viramita