AICTE ACTIVITY-O1

“DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

“KIKKERI AMMANIKERE”

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 07-08

2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 09-10

3 LIMITATIONS 11-11

4 DETAILING OF KIKKERI AMMANIKERE 12-20

5 CONCLUSION 21-21
CHAPTER -01
INTRODUCTION
“DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

Water is at the foundation of sustainable development as it is the common

denominator of all global challenges: energy, food, health, peace and security, and poverty
eradication.

1.1 Definitions

Sustainable water management means the ability to meet the water needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. Water
sustainability also means effective and holistic management of water resources. Sustainable
development is systems are commonly defined by the brunt land as meeting the needs of
present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. “Needs’’ include economic, environmental and ecosystem service delivery, and
cultural goals including identify and subjectively defined values. Together, these are
commonly referred to as the sustainability triple bottom line. Sustainable development is the
combination of sustaining the natural environment, resources, and community, and
development of the economy and societal goals. (SWM) is a critical component of
sustainable development. May defines SWM as meeting current water demand for all water
users without impairing future supply. More specifically SWM should contribute to the
objectives of society and maintain ecological, environmental, and hydrologic integrity. For
groundwater management cites protection of the components in the sustainability triple
bottom line environment, economy and society. A more holistic objective is provided in
agenda 21 which ensures that “adequate supplies of water of good quality are maintained for
the entire population of the planet, while preserving the hydrological, biological and chemical
functions of ecosystems, adopting human activities within the capacity limits of nature and to
combat vectors of water –related diseases.”
1.2 Integration of sustainable development and sustainable water management

Sustainable development and SWM are inherently related due to the requirement of
water for development. water is a fundamental requirement for human life and well-being,
thus proper management of water means to improve food production, reduce poverty and
water related diseases. WM involves allocating water between competing purposes and users.
This allocation can be represented as a hierarchy, similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of human
needs (table 1)
Table1. Comparison of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs and the hierarchy of water
management needs. Adapted from Melloul and Collin.
Level Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs Hierarchy of water Management Needs
 Physiological for survival (Air, water, food, shelter, procreation) Biophysical
individual needs (water for survival)
 Safety (security, stability, law, order) Local development (agriculture, domestic water,
water quality standards)
 Social (family, community) Regional water projects (supply, treatment, plants)
 Esteem (status, recognition) National water projects (supply, remediation, public
awareness)
 Self-fulfillment Water resource sustainability.

Level Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs Hierarchy of water Management Needs

5 Self fulfillment Water resource sustainability
4 Esteem (status, recognition) National water projects
3 Social (family, community) Regional water projects
2 Safety (security, stability, law order) Local development (agriculture, domestic)
1 Physiological for survival Biophysical individual needs
(Air, water, food, procreation)
CHAPTER – 02
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) ON WATER

As the time limit for the millennium development goals (MDGs) draws to a close
in 2015, the global community is taking stock of how it can move towards a sustainable
future. The MDG framework did not address the full water and development agenda, nor
fully recognize its energies with other areas and concerns. Emphasis on ‘sustainability’ was
not included and human rights and inequalities were also largely ignored in the MDG
framework. Subsequently, member states have agreed that human rights, equality and
sustainability should from the core of the development agenda and be recognized as critical
for true development.
UN-Water’s overarching goal is “Securing Sustainable Water for all”. The water
goal and targets directly address the development aims of societies, promote human dignity
and ensure achievements are sustainable over the long-term leading to the following
development outcomes, amongst others.

2.1 THE BENEFITS OF WATER MANAGEMENT

 Reduced water and sewer costs: Low flow water conservation devices reduce water
usage and costs as well as sewer costs.
 Weather –based irrigation controls: This type of control system saves water usage
and cost especially during the hot summer months.
 Reduced energy usage: Low flow water devices reduce the amount of hot water
used which, in turn, reduces the amount of energy used to heat the water.
 Reduction of unbilled water: Replacing old, inaccurate water meters and
distribution piping can result in increased revenues for the water district.
 Wastewater treatment energy usage: Wastewater treatment plants are one of the
largest users of energy within a city. Plant upgrades and aeration optimization can
dramatically reduce energy usage and save money.
2.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER MANAGEMENT

Water Management is important since it helps to determine future irrigation

expectations. water management is the management of water resources under set policies
and regulations. Water, once an abundant natural resource, is becoming a more valuable
commodity due to drought and overuse.

Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet. of the water resources on
earth only three percent of its fresh and two-thirds of the fresh water is locked up in
icecaps and glaciers .of the remaining one percent ,a fifth is in remote, inaccessible areas
and much seasonal rainfall in monsoonal deluges and floods cannot easily be used.

At present only about 0.08percent of all the world’s fresh water is exploited by
mankind in ever increasing demand for sanitation, drinking, manufacturing, leisure and
agriculture.

THE METHODS OF SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Surface water
 Ground water
 Rainwater harvesting
 Desalinization
 Reclaimed water
 Bottled water
CHAPTER – 03

LIMITATIONS
Limitations of this study include:
 The exclusive scope of urban, agricultural, and natural systems
 The challenge of obtaining municipal and other types of non –peer reviewed
document
 Omission of relevance of country geography, climate, and other factors. While urban
and agricultural systems account for over 80% of global water consumption, other
water uses such as industrial and recreational can be significant in some countries or
local regions.

Future reviews of other water use would be complementary to this one, and provide
value in improving water management practices across sectors. Much of the relevant
literature, especially for urban water management, may include white papers, municipal
reports, and other documents which are not typically available in academic databases. This
review likely overlooked numerous documents describing SWM assessments, practices,
challenges, and solutions. Future reviews would benefit from a more thorough search for
these reports. Lastly the scope of this paper did not include a synthesis of how country
geography, climate, and other factors affect SWM practices. Future studies may focus on a
number of factors to illustrate why SWM practices can differ proximal nations or be similar
in distant nations; relevant endogenous factors may include in-country distribution of wealth
and resources, socio-cultural traditions, and political stability, while exogenous factors may
include climate, geology and a more detailed look at historical and present inter –country
conflict.
 “KIKKERI AMMANIKERE”

INTRODUCTION
Kikkeri Ammanikere is about 8 km from KR Pet Taluk Centre and is the main lake of
Kikkeri village. This lake is a very old lake with a history of around 800 years of
construction. Earlier the lake was filled with rain water. But in recent days the rain has
decreased and after the construction of Hemavati Left Bank Canal, the lake is being filled
from the distributary canals 47 to 53 of Hemavati Left Bank Canal. The technical details of
the said lake are as follows.
1. Name of Tank: Kikkeri Ammanikere
2 Location: Near Kikkeri
3. District: Mandya
4. Taluk: Krishnarajapet
5. Village: Kikkeri
6. Longitude: 12°45'34"
7. Latitude: 76°26'16"
8. Reference to Topo sheet: 57 D/5
9. Basin: Cauvery
10. Series: Lower Hemavathi Series
11. Sub Serial No: 56
12. Whether comes within the Command area of any major Irrigation project: Hemavathy
13. Nature of catchment area: Good
14. Cropping patten and extent: Kharif and Rabi Semidry, Wet and Garden crops
12. Storage Details
a) Total Storage capacity: 280 Mcft
b) Dead storage: 20 Mcft
c) Live storage: 260 Mcft
d) No. of filling: 2 times
e) Evaporation losses: 15%
14. Bund Details: -
a) Type of bund: Homogeneous
b) Length of bund: 1350 M
c) Max. Height: 10.00 M
d) Upstream slope: 14:1
e) Downstream slope: 1:1

15. Spillway: (Left and Right side)

a) Type: Sloping Apron
b) No. of Spill way: 2(Left and Right side)
c) Length: 60.00 & 28.00
d) Spillage: 0.60 m
e) Free Board: 1.20 m
16. Sluices: -
a) Location: Right Left
chainage: 775M 60M
b). Type: Controlled Gate operation.
c). Area benefitted: 669.00 Acres
d). Size of Vent: 300mm
17 Irrigation channel: - 1.50Km (Right side)
a) Length: 2.00 Km (Left side)
b) Villages benefitted: Kikkeri, Laxmipura, Sollepura, Kodimaranahalli,
Ramanahalli and Chowdenahalli.
18. Extent of tank: 285 Acres
19. Length of Rajagaluve 1.50 Km
The area of Kikkeri Amanikere which comes under the distributary canal 53 of Hemavati left
bank canal is about 295 acres and has a neat area of 669 acres. This lake will benefit the
farmers of Kikkeri, Sollepur, Lakshmipur, Kodimaranahalli, Ramanahalli, Chaudenahalli,
villages and the farmers will grow two crops in the lake.

Kikkeri Amanikere coming under the Hemavati left bank canal has a capacity of 280 MCFT
and is supplying water to around 283 hectares of cultivated area. The said lake was
completely filled with water from the distribution channel during the year 2018-19 when
water was supplied to Kharif crops from the Hemavati left bank channel. Date: 22.11.2018
When checking the bund of the lake, it was found that the central part of the bund from 630
m to 690 m has longitudinal cracks along the bund.
Further, when it was reported that the said part of the Aeri was collapsing every day, an
immediate site inspection of the Aeri was conducted and on 14.12.2018, a telephone
discussion was held with the Design Branch and an opinion was sought regarding repairing
the bund temporbundly. Downstream side embankment is urgently constructed to prevent
further damage to the 60m long embankment which is cracked and damage to public
property. It was suggested to temporbundly strengthen the 60 m long embankment with
sandbags up to FBL (Full tank level) and repair the embankment.
Date: 17.12.2018 In order to prevent further disaster and possible loss of public property, the
villagers of Kikkeri and Sollemara prevented the temporary repair work from being carried
out on the 60 m long part of the lake, and the lake which is stored in the lake for growing
crops and livestock during the Rabi season. Although the water was not given to the Ratha
crop in this line, in order to avoid the possible loss to the public property, the two parts of the
lake should be broken, the water should be emptied and the 60 m length of the river should be
permanently repaired was informed.
Superintending Engineer, Hemavathy Nala Circle, Channarayapatna has opined as follows
from the site inspection held on 21.12.2018 with the authorities as per Inspection Report
Letter No: 2012 dated 24.12.2018.
1. The collapsing bund was built around 800 years ago, and the design branch has agreed that
the old bund and the part of the bund expanded in recent years may be collapsing due to loss
of soil qualities.
2. To know the quality of soil of the upstream side and downstream parts of the collapsing 60
m long area by testing the soil and getting the report.
3. After physical examination of the acreage of the said part, reconstruction of the acreage is
deemed appropriate, further action will be taken after the soil test results are available.
4. While constructing a new bund, remove the old bund for a length of about 120.00 m and
build a slope of 1:3 and 1:4 at the two ends of the new bund and construct suitable benching
and construct the bund.
5. While constructing a new Aeri, the upstream side slope should be 11.5 and the
Downstream side slope should be 12. Construct the Aeri and get the opinion of the design
branch about this.
6. Also check the quality level of the soil for constructing a new quarry and use suitable soil
for the construction of the quarry.
7. Construction of bund using Homogeneous soil to construct a new bund.
8. Construction of Dwarf Walls in the foundation of the new Aeri by getting hard stone in the
foundation of the part to construct the Aeri.
9. When adding the slope of the newly constructed area with the slope of the old area, give a
smooth transition and construct the area
10. Pitching available from upstream side while removing old air
Storing stones and using stones while building a manor.

At present the lake is full, it has been suggested to empty the water of the lake and take up the
work immediately to prevent damage to the property of the public in the coming days.

Design Branch was instructed to conduct site inspection on 21.12.2018 and submit soil test
report of existing area. Soil test report
Based on the result, the soil of the area from 630.00 m to 690.00 m has completely lost its
"Soil Properties" and therefore it has been suggested to reconstruct the area from
Superintending Engineer, Design Branch, Mysore in letter No:691-98 dated:18.01.2019.

Therefore, an estimate list has been prepared for the construction of a 60.00 m long levee and
a 1.80 km long lake canal service road development work at a cost of Rs.195.00 lakhs, and
the following factors have been adopted in the estimate list.

Part A
1. Removal of old air.
2. Construction of new bridge of 60 m length.
3. Pitching Construction in Air Mailta.
4. Construction of 300 m long box drain for the channel coming from the left side of the lake.
5. Reconstruction of two kodis of 15 m long lake which has been broken
Part B
1. Road Drainage Soil Excavation Work
2. Excavating and levelling the road
3. Paving of road with gravel
4. C.C. Providing gravel concrete of 40 mm size of M-10 grade
5. C.C. Providing gravel concrete of 20 mm size of M-15 grade.
6. Construction of pipe culvert for drainage.

The estimate list of the above work has been prepared by adopting the rates of the Water
Resources Department and the Public Works Department for date: 195.00 lakhs. 84 in Rs.
75.00 lakhs were approved and the balance Rs.120

CONCLUSIONS

SWM of urban, agriculture, and environmental systems is integral to continued development.

Numerous models and metrics exist for evaluating sustainable management practices.
Improvements to these methods should focus on the interconnectedness of social and physical
systems using robust quantities metrics. Urban water management in developing regions
faces challenges of equitable delivery, especially under rapid urban pollution growth.
Sustainable management plans should focus on continued improvements in stakeholder
involment and infrastructure in developing regions, and on water reclamation and reuse in
developed regions. Water reuse will reduce stress during drought periods. Water reuse will
reduce stress during drought periods, though technology adoption costs and risks are still
barrier in both developing and developed nations. Improvements to crop water productivity
can benefit all sectors of water users discussed in this article by reducing competition
between the agricultural sector and urban and environmental users. Crop water production in
irrigated areas can be improved with changes in crop water allocation and adoption of
efficient irrigation and form technology, while rained agricultural areas will benefit from
supplemental irrigation. Maintaining sustainable water supplying natural systems can be seen
to conflict with development practices if only looking at the near-term future. Long term
economic development is clearly linked to environmental system health, evidenced by
developed country focus on restoration and protection of water resources. In application,
decision informed by the estimated value of ecosystem services may be used to set thresholds
for environmental degradation, in the contacts of social economics development goals. SWM
will vary with geography and economic capabilities, though all regions can manage water
resources in a way that supports sustainable social, economic, and environment development.