PHARMACOLOGY TEST ASSIGNMENT

THIS PAPER HAS TWO SECTIONS, SECTIONS A AND B

SECTION A CONTAINS 50 Marks AND SECTION B 20 Marks, in tatal 70 marks

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Difine the adverse effect of a drug?

A. General teem for undesirable effects that are a direct response to a one or more drugs
B. Any undesirable occurance related to administering or failing to administer a proscribed
medication C. Any unexpected,
undesirable, unintended or excessive to a medication given at a therapeutic dosage
D. An immunological hypersensitivity reaction from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a
particular medication.

2. Which of the following terms mean a drug that bind to and stimulates the activity of one or
more activity in the body?

A. Agonist. B. Antagonist. C. Partial antagonist. D. Competitive antangonism

3. What is an antagonist?

A. Antagonist is the type of an adverse drug event B. A

drug that bind to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body C. A drug
that bind to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body D. Antagonist is
the drug that usually potentiate the effect of another drug when given in combination

4. Difine the bioavailability of a drug?

A. Bioavailability ranges from 0% to 100% B. A

measure of the extent of the drug absorption for a given drug C.
Bioavailability is 100% following oral administration of amoxicillin syrups to (3) months baby
D. Bioavailability is the fraction of of administered drug that goes into the circulatory system
after absorption from the Gastrointestinal tract following oral administration

5. What do we call the treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs? A.
Pharmaceuticals. B. Pharmacogenomics. C. Therapeutic effecf. D.Pharmacotherapeutics

6.What do we call the desired or intended of particular medication? A.

Therapeutic effecf B. Therapeutic index. C. Pharmacotherapeutics effecf. D. All of the
above

7. Development of aspirin by Bayer was done in the year of........................... A.

1899. B. 1961. C. 1969. D. 1983

8. The following adverse effects were associated with the discovery of medicines in the early
history of Pharmarcy EXPECT? A.
Nephrotoxicity and autotoxicity. B.
Thalidomide - congenital malformations C.
Sudden death during chloroform anaesthesia D.
Chloramphenicol associated with blood dyscrasias

9. Discribe factors that influence selection of antimicrobial agents? I.

Pregnancy. II. Status of the patient. III. Organisms identify and sensitivity IV. The
effecf of the site of action on therapy A. I & II.
B.III & IV C. I, II & III. D. I, II, III & IV

10. Bacteriostatic effect is .................................... A.

Destroying of bacteria cells B.
Formation of bacterial L forms C.
Inhibition of cell division D.
Inhibition of young bacterial cell growth

11. What is NOT true about the Ebers Papyrus? A.

Developed by Sumerians B. Use of
medicine was carried out by priests C. It described the
prescription and Moses of administration of drugs D. Many of the drugs listed
were included in the Sumerians document

12. Which of the following documents listed the use drugs together with charms for expelling
demons and make reference to the god of medicine, Dhanvantari? A. Cuneiform.
B. Ebers Papyrus. C. Huangdi Neijing. D. Ayurvedic Medicine

13. Expert in Medicine plants Greek and Romans in early period of pharmacy were
called..........................? A.
Hippocrates. B. Rhizotomoi C. Pharmakopoloi. D. Hippocratic Corpus

14. .................................. Prepared formularies, herbals and books on materia medica and
toxicology A. The Arabs.
B. The Romans. C. The Egyptians. D. The Sumerians

15. What does ''Pharmacokinetics'' include? A.

Unwanted effects of the drug B.
Pharmacological effect of the drug C. Chemical
structure of a medical agent D. Distribution of
drugs in the organisms

16. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in the Gastrointestinal tract is ...............?
A. Endocytosis and Exocytosis B.
Filtration (aqueous diffusion) C.
Passive diffusion ( liquid diffusion) D. Active
transport (Carrier mediated diffusion)

17. .......................... developed cuneiform writing on clay tablets in the third millennium BC

A. Indians B . Egyptians. C. Sumerians. D. Dhanvantari

18. All of antibiotics are aminoglycosides EXCEPT A.

Neomycin. B. Gentamicin. C. Clindamycin. D Streptomycin
19. All of the following antibiotics inhibit the Protein synthesis bacterial cell EXCEPT? A.
Penicillin. B. Macrolides. C. Tetracycline. D. Aminoglycosides

20. Tetracycline has the following unwanted effects A.

Hepatotoxicity and anabolic effect B. Dental
hypoplasia, bone deformities C. Irritation of
Gastrointestinal mucosa, phototoxicity D. All of the above

21. Chloramphenicol has the following unwanted effects A.

Nephrotoxicity. B. Pancytopenia (depression of blood into bone marrow) C.
Hepatotoxicity. D. Ototoxicity

22.Aminoglycosides have the following unwanted effects A.

Pancytopenia. B. Hepatotoxicity. C. Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity. D.
Irritation of Gastrointestinal mucosa.

23. Rational antimicrobial combination is used for............................................ A.

Provide broad coverage. B. Prevent the emergency of resistance. C.
Provide synergism when microorganisms are no effectively eradicated with a single agent
alone. D. All the the above

24. Minimal duration of antibacterial treatment usually is.................................... A. Not

less than 1 day. B. Not less than 5 days. C. Not less than 3 weeks.
D. Not less than 10-14 weeks

25. General principle of antimicrobial therapy are ................................. A.

Clinical judgement of microbiology factors. B. Optimal
route of drug administration, dose dosing frequency and duration of treatment.
C. Difinitive identification of a bacterial infections and microorganisms' susceptibility D. All of
the above

25. Mechanism of bacterial resistance to a antimicrobial agents are the following EXCEPT?
A. Modification of a drug's target B.
Reduced uptake by the microorganisms C. Enlarged
uptake of the drug by a microorganisms. D. Active transport
out of a microorganisms

26. Name the drug belonging to macrolides antibiotics A.

Neomycin. B. Cefotaxime. C. Doxycycline. D. Erthromycin

27. Name the drug belonging to antibiotics Tetracycline A.

Amoxicillin. B. Doxycycline. C. Streptomycin. D. Clarithromycine

28. Which of the following groups antibiotics demonstrates a bacteriostatic effect A.

Macrolides. B. Carbepenems. C. Cephalosporins. D. Aminoglycosides

29. Bactericidal effect is ..................................... A.

Destroying of bacterial cells. B. Formation of bacterial L- forms. C.
Inhibition of bacterial cell division. D. Inhibition of young bacterial cell growth

30. Which of the following groups of antibiotics demonstrates bactericidal? A.

Macrolides. B. Penicillin. C. Tetracycline. D. All the the above

31. What does the term antibiotics mean? A.

Synthetic analogues of natural substances that selectively kills protozoa and helminths
B. Non organic or synthetic substances selectively kill or inhibit the growth of another
microorganisms C.
Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that selectively or
kill the growth of another microorganisms D. Substances
produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that inhibit the growth of
organisms cells.

32. All of the following are antibiotics EXCEPT? A.

Penicillin. B. Streptomycin. C. Cotrimoxazole. D. Chloramphenicol
33. Which of the following antibiotics contains a beta lactam ring in their chemical structure?
A. Carbepenems and monobactams. B. Cephalosporins. C. Penicillin. D. All
groups

34. Mention a drug that belongs to cephalosporins antibiotics? A.

Cefaclor. B. Streptomycin. C. Erthromycin. D. Phenoxymethylpenicillin

35. All of the following antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis EXCEPT? A.

Macrolides. B. Tetracycline. C. Cephalosporins. D. Aminoglycosides

36. Which of the following drugs is gastric acid resistance? A.

Penicillin G. B. Penicillin V. C. Carbenicillin. D. Procaine penicillin

37. Which of the following is penicillnase resistant? A.

Oxicillin. B. Amoxicillin. C. Ampicillin. D. Penicillin G

38. Which of the following is mechanism of penicillin?

A. Inhibition of beta lactams in the bacterial cell. B.

Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall. C.
Activation of endogenous protease, that destroy bacterial cell wall. D.
Activation of endogenous phospholipids which leads to alteration of cell membrane
permeability

39. All of the following are examples of macrolides EXCEPT? A.

Erthromycin. B. Clarithromycine C. Lincomycin. D. Roxithromycin

40. Which of the following belonging to antibiotics aminoglycosides?

A. Erthromycin. B. Gentamicin. C. Vancomycin. D. Polymyxins

41. Choose the characteristics of chloramphenicol?

A. Broad spectrum, demonstrates becteriostatic effecf. B. Broad

spectrum, demonstrates bactericidal effect. C. Influence the
Gramram positive microorganisms, demonstrates bactericidal effect D. Influence the Gram
negative microorganisms, demonstrates bactericidal effect

42. Which of the following are beta lactamases inhibitor for coadministration with penicillins?
A. Clavulanic acid. B. Tozabactam C. Sulbactam. D. All of the above

43. Mechanism of Sulfonamides antibacterial is.................................................... A.

Inhibition of dehydropterotates reductase. B.
Inhibition of dehydropterotates synthesis C.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase. D.
Activation of DNA gyrase

44. Combination of Sulfonamides with Trimethoprin............................................. A.

Decreases the unwanted effects of Sulfonamides. B.
Increases the antimicrobial activity. C.
Decreases the antimicrobial activity. D.
Increases the elimination of Sulfonamides

45. Sulfonamides have the following unwanted effects A.

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. B. Hematopoietic distrubances. C.
Crystalluria. D. All of the above

46. Which antibacterial drug is quinoline derivative A.

Nitrofurantoin. B. Nalidixic acid. C. Streptomycin. D. Ciprofloxacin

Mention the antibacterial drug which is fluoroquinolone derivative? A.

Chloramphenicol. B. Nitrofurantoin. C. Nalidixic acid. D. Ciprofloxacin

47. Pharmacokinetics is..........................

A. The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs. B. The

study of abosorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs C. The study
of mechanism of drugs. D. The study of new
development of drugs
48. Which of the following administration is likely to lead to first pass metabolism? A.
Sublingual. B. Oral. C. Intravenous. D. Intramuscular

49. Half life (t 1/2) is time required to........................................................... A.

Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination. B.
Metabolism of an introduced drug by half into active metabolism. C. Absorb
a half of an introduced drug. D. Bind a half of
an introduced drug in the plasma

50. Pharmacodynamics involves the following EXCEPT? A.

Biological and therapeutic effecfs of a drug. B.
Absorption and distriction of a drug. C.
Mechanism of drug action. D. Drug
interactions

51. The statement that some microorganisms can develop alternative metabolic pathways for
rendering inhibited by the drug is True or false? (1 mark)

52. What are the four main classification of antimicrobial agents? (4 marks)

53. List down four principles mechanism of drug resistance? (4 marks)

54. Mention only three major complications of antibiotics therapy? (3 marks)

55. Mention four classes of proteins synthesis inhibitors? (4 marks)

56. Difine the following (a) Pharmarcy (b) drugs (4 marks)