ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.

ENGLISH COURSE FROM

LANGUAGE SCHOOL CENTRE

(L.S.C)

FIRST LEVEL

This syllabus contains easy English with simple

Phonetics writing in Lingala or Swahili.
It will be easy to read and understand

OUR SLOGAN IS:

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT AND
IN JEHOVAH WE TRUST.

This lesson was prepared by the teacher

NKODIA Epaphras
This Syllabus is the property of
________________________________

In Democratic Republic of Congo

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 1

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

CONTENTS

LESSON PAGE
INTRODUCTION: ALPHABETS AND PHONETICS …………………………………. 2
ONE GREETINGS ……………………………………………………………………………… 4
TWO SOME QUESTIONS ……………………………………………………………………. 11
THREE SIMPLE PRESENT OF “TO BE” ………………………………………………………. 21
FOUR SIMPLE PAST OF “TO BE” ……………………………………………………………. 25
FIVE SIMPLE FUTURE OF “TO BE” ………………………………………………………… 26
SIX USE OF THIS, THAT, THESE AND THOSE ………………………………………… 27
SEVEN SIMPLE PRESENT OF “TO HAVE” …………………………………………………… 35
EIGHT SIMPLE FUTURE OF “TO HAVE” ……………………………………………………. 37
NINE SIMPLE PAST OF “TO HAVE” …………………………………………………………. 38
TEN CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS………………………………………………. 39
ELEVEN DAYS OF THE WEEK…………………………………………………………………… 42
TWELVE THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR ………………………………………………………… 45
THIRTEEN SOME QUESTIONS.……………………………………………………………………... 47
FOURTEEN PRACTICE PROGRAM…………………………………………………………………. 50
FIFTEEN VERBS: USES OF TENSES ……………………………………………………………. 55
1. SIMPLE PRESENT OF FULL VERBS ………………………………………... 55
2. FUTURE TENSE OF FULL VERBS …………………………………………... 58
3. SIMPLE PAST OF FULL VERBS ……………………………………………… 61
4. IRREGULAR VERBS …………………………………………………………… 67
SIXTEEN THE PARTS OF HUMAN BODY………………………………………………………... 74
SEVENTEEN USE OF PRONOUNS……………………………………………………………………. 76
EIGHTEEN USE OF SOME AND ANY ……………………………………………………………… 82

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 2

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

ENGLISH COURSE [inglish koos] COURS D’ANGLAIS

INTRODUCTION [in’tredakshen] INTRODUCTION

ALPHABETS AND PHONETICS [alphabets end funetiks] ALPHABETS ET PHONETIQUES

A [ei] E [i] I [ai] M [em] Q [kiyu] U [yu] Y [way]

B [bi] F [ef] J [djei] N [en] R [a:] V [vi] Z [zed, zi]
C [si] G [dzi] K [kei] O [ou] S [es] W [dabliyu]
D [di] H [eitsh] L [el] P [pi] T [ti] X [eks]
SOME QUESTIONS [Sam Keshens] QUELQUES QUESTIONS

Q.1. Are you ready for going home? [a yu redi foo going home] Es-tu prêt(e) pour partir à la maison ?
ANSWERS [Ansez] REPONSES
• Not yet [Notiet] [nariet] Pas encore
• Yes, I am [Yes aiem] Oui, j’y suis
• Of course [ov kooz] Bien sir
• Yes, we are [yes, wi ya] Oui, nous y some’s
• Yeah-yeah [Yaya] Si
• Indeed [in’di:d] D’ailleurs, effectivement

Q.2. What is your name? [wotiz yo neim] [woriz yo neim] Quel est (ton) votre nom ?
• My name is James [mai neimiz dzeimz] Mon nom est Jacques

Q.3. Who are you? [hu aayu] Qui es-tu ? Qui êtes-vous ?
• I’m James [am dzeimz] Je suis Jacques

Q.4. Can you spell that? [keniyu spel dat] Pouvez-vous épeler votre nom ?
• Yes, I can J-A-M-E-S. [yes ai ken dzei-ei-em-i-es] Oui, je peux J-A-C-Q-U-ES.

Q.5. Can you repeat please? [keniyu ripi:t pli:z] Pouvez-vous répéter SVP?
• Yes, I can J-A-M-E-S. [yes ai ken dzei-ei-em-i-es] Oui, je peux J-A-C-Q-U-E- S.

Q.6. Whose son, are you? [wuz san aayu] De qui es-tu fils ? De qui êtes-vous fils ?
• I’m John’s son [am dzonz san] Je suis le fils de Jean.
• I’m James’ son [am dzems san] Je suis le fils de Jacques

Q.7. Whose daughter, are you? [wuz douté aayu] De qui es-tu fille ?
• I’m Mary’s daughter [am meeriz douté] Je suis la fille de Marie.
• I’m John’s daughter [am donz douté] Je suis la fille de Jean.

Q.8. What did you see last time? [wot didiyu si: last taim] Qu’avez-vous vu la fois passée ?
• Last time, we saw the alphabets [last taim wi sou di alfebets] La fois passée, nous avons vu les alphabets.
Note:
In English definite article ‘the’ is pronounced [de or ve] if it is followed by a consonant.
For example: The sun [de san] le soleil.
But if it is followed by a vowel is pronounced [di or vi]
For example: The article [di atikl] l’article.
En anglais l’article défini ‘the’ est prononcé [de ou ve] s’il est suivi d’une consonne, mais s’il est suivi d’une
voyelle on le prononce [di ou vi].

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 3

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON ONE

GREETINGS [gritings] [grirings] SALUTATIONS

To greet [tu gri : t] saluer.

E.g: I greet you. [ai gri: tiyu] Je te salue.
SALUT
• Hi [hai] Hi [hai] On l’utilise quand on est proche.
• How do you do! [hau du yu du] How do you do! On l’utilise quand on est proche.
• Hello [helou] hello. On l’utilise quand on est loin.
Note: We say whenever [wi sei weneve] On dit n’importe quand

MOMENTARY GREETINGS [momenteri gri:tingz] SALUTATIONS MOMENTANÉES

• Good morning [gud mo:ning] good morning to you = bonjour (24 heures á 12 heures)
• Good afternoon [gudaftenun] good afternoon to you [tu yu] bon après-midi (12 h 00 à 15 h 00)
• Good evening [gudivinig] good evening to you [gudivining tu yu] bonsoir (15 h 00 à 22 h 00)
• Good night [gud nait] good night to you [gud nait tu yu] bonne nuit (22 h 00 à 24 h 00)
Note: G.M.T [dzi: em ti] G.M.T.
According to Greenwich Mean Time [ekoding tu gri: nwitsh mi:n taim] Selon temps universel.

WISHES [wishiz] SOUHAITS

To wish [tu wish] Souhaiter
E.g: I wish you [ai wishiyu] Je te souhaite
• Have a good day [hev e gud dei] Bonne journée
• Have a nice day [hev e nais dei] Bonne journée
• Have a good night [hev e gud nait] Bonne nuit
• Have a good sleep [hev e gud sli:p] Bon sommeil
• Have a nice meal [hev e nais mi:l] Bon appétit
• Have a good appetite [hev e gud epitait] Bon appétit
• Enjoy your meal [in’dzoi yo mi:l] Bon appétit
• Have a good thirsty [hev e nais festi] A votre soif
• Have a good digestion [hev e gud dai’dzes’shen] Bonne digestion
• Have good rest [hev gud rest] Bon repos
• Have a good service [hev e gud sevis] Bon service
• Have a good preaching [hev e gud pri:tshing] Bonne prédication
• Have a nice study [hev e nais stadi] Bonne étude
• Have a nice weekend [hev e nais wi: kend] Bon week-end
• Have a good success [hev e gud sek’ses] Bonne réussite ou bon succès
• Have a good chance [hev e gud tsha:ns] Bonne chance
• Have a good luck [hev e gud lak] Bonne chance
• Have a good party [hev e pa:ti] Bonne fête
• Have a good feast [hev e gud fi:st] Bonne fête
• Have a happy holiday [hev e epi olidei] Bonne fête
• Have a good year [hev e gudié] Bonne année
• Have a happy year [hev e hepi yié] Heureuse année
• Have a merry Christmas [heve meri krismas] Joyeux Noël
• Have a good Easter [hev e gud i:sté] Bonne pâques
• Have a safe journey [hev e seif dzeni] Bon voyage
• Have a nice trip [hev e nais trip] Bon voyage

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 4

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

• Have a nice journey [hev e nais dzeni] Bon voyage

• Have a nice reading [hev e nais ri:ding] Bonne lecture
• Have a good meditation [hev e gud mediteishen] Bonne méditation
• Have a good application [hev e gud eplikeishen] Bonne application
• Have good job [hev gud dzob] Bon travail
• Have a nice meeting [hev e nais mi:ting] Bonne réunion

Answer [ansé] Réponse

• The same to you [de seim tu yu] Pareillement
• Thank you [fenkiyu] Merci
• Thanks [fenks] Merci
COMMENT CA VA?
• How are you? [Hawa: yu]
• How are you getting on? [Hawa: yu geting on] [Hawa: yu gerinon]
• How are you doing? [Hawa: yu duing]
• How is it? [Hawizit]
BIEN
• I’m alright [am o:l rait]
• I’m okay [amokei]
• I’m very well [am veri wel]
• I’m very good [am veri gud]
• I’m fine [am fain]
• I’m just fine [am dzast fain]
ASSEZ BIEN OU COUCI COUCA
• I’m a bit okay [am e bitokei] [am e birokei]
• I’m fifty-fifty [am fifti fifti]
• I’m so-so [am sou•sou]
• I’m pretty good [am preti gud] [am preri gud]
• I’m quite well [am kwait wel]
CA NE VA PAS
• I’m not okay [am notokei] [am narokei]
• I’m so bad [am sou bed]
COMMENT VA TOUTE CHOSE?
• How is everything? [Hauz evrifing]
• How is everything getting on? [hauz evrifing geting on] [hauz evrifing gerinon]
• Everything is alright [evrifing iz o:l rait] Tout va bien
• Everything is so bad [evrifing iz sou bed] Tout ne va pas bien
Why [wai] Pourquoi
• Because I’m hungry [bikoz am hangri] Parce que je suis affamé (e)
• Because I’m angry [bikoz am engri] Parce que je suis en colère
• Because I’m too tired [bikoz am tu taied] Parce que je suis trop fatigué(e)
ET ALORS TOI?
• And you? [endiyu]
• How about yourself? [hawabaut yoself]
• And then you? [endeniyu]
• How about you? [hawabatiyu] [Hawabariyu]

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 5

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

AUREVOIR
• Bye-bye [bai-bai] Au revoir
• Good bye [gud bai] Au revoir
• Cheerio [tshierio] Au revoir
• So long [soulong] Au revoir
• Check you later [tshekiyu leite] [tshekiyu leiré] Au plus tard
• See you later [si: yu leite] [si: yu leiré] Au plus tard
• See you soon [si: yu sun] A bientôt
• See you around [si: yu eraund] A tant tôt
• See you after [si:yu afte] A nous revoir après
• See you tomorrow [si:yu tumorou] [si:yu temarou] A demain
• See you next time [si: yu nekst taim] A la prochaine
• See you on Monday [si: yu on mandei] A lundi
• See you on Tuesday [si: yu on tyuzdei] A mardi
• See you on Wednesday [si: yu on wenzdei] A mercredi
• See you on Thursday [si: yu on fezdei] A jeudi
• See you on Friday [si: yu fraidei] A vendredi
• See you on Saturday [si:yu on satedei] [si:yu on saredei] A samedi
• See you on Sunday [si: yu on sandei] A dimanche.
• We shall meet [wi shal mi:t] On se reverra

CONVERSATIONS [kan’vu’seishenz] CONVERSATIONS

NUMBER ONE: MARK AND MATTHEW [ma:k end mefiyu]
Mark: Hi Matthew. [hai mefiyu]
Matthew: Hi Mark, nice to meet you. [hai ma:k nais tu mi: tiyu]
Mark: Nice to meet you too. How are you doing? [nais tu mitiyu tu, hawayu duing]
Matthew: Just fine, how about yourself? [dzast fain, hawabaut yoself]
Mark: So am I. [sou emai]
Matthew: Good I go home, give me some money. [Gud ai gou hom giv mi sam mani]
Mark: No matter, take. [nou mate, teik]
Matthew: Thank you. [fenkiyu]
Mark: You’re welcome. [yur welkam]
Matthew: Are you ready for going home? [ayu redi fo going hom]
Mark: Of course, and you? [ov koz, endiyu]
Matthew: No, I’m not. I’m ready for going to school. [nou am not. Am redi fo going tu skul]
Mark: Have a nice day. [hev e nais dei]
Matthew: The same to you. [de seim tu yu]
Mark: Bye-bye. [baibai]
Matthew: Bye and see you next time. [bai end si yu nekst taim]

Vocabularies
• Welcome to you [welkam tu yu] Bienvenue
• Welcome [welkam] Bienvenue
• You’re welcome [yur welkam] De rien
• Welcome in [welkamin] Entrez
• Welcome out [welkamaut] Attendez
• No matter [nou mate] [nou maré] Pas de problème
• No problem [nou problem] Pas de problème
• To go home [tu gou hom] Partir à la maison
• Nice to meet you [nais tu mi:tiyu] [nais tu mi:riyu] Enchanté de te rencontrer

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 6

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

• Nice to come across you [nais tu kam ekrosiyu] Enchanté de te rencontrer

• Too [tu] Aussi
• Also [o:lsou] Aussi
E.g: John is also a student. [dzon iz olso e styudent] Jean est aussi un étudiant
John is a student too. [dzon iz e student tu] Jean est aussi un étudiant
To give [tu giv] Donner
Me [mi] Me, moi
Some [sam] Quelque
Money [mani] Argent
Coin [koin] Pièce de monnaie
Frank [frenk] Franc
To be going [tu bi going] Aller
Not at all [notetol] [narerol] Pas du tout
Spoilt child [spoilt tshaild] Enfant gâté

NUMBER TWO
JOHN AND PETER [dzon end piité] JEAN ET PIERRE
John: Good evening sir, my name is John. What about yours? [gudivining se mai neimiz dzon wotebout yoz]
Peter: Good evening to you, John, my name is Peter. [gudivining tu yu dzon mai neimiz piité]
John: How is it? [Hawizit]
Peter: It’s okay. How about you? [Its okei hawabatiyu]
John: I’m so bad. [am sou bed]
Peter: Why? [wai]
John: Because, I’m suffering from malaria [bikoz am safring from meleeria]
Peter: I’m sorry sir, take this money for medicine. [am sori se teik dis mani fo medesen]
John: Thanks let God bless you! [Fenks let god blesiyu]
Peter: You’re welcome. [yur welkam]
John: How is Mary? [hawiz meeri]
Peter: She’s alright, but she went to market. [shiz olrait, bat shi went tu makit]
John: Thank you for telling me [fenkiyu fo teling mi]
Peter: Bye-bye [bai-bai]
John: Bye and see you on Monday. [bai end si yu on mandei]

VOCABULARIES [vokebiyuleriz] VOCABULAIRES

To suffer [tu safé] Souffrir
To suffer from [tu safe from] Souffrir de
What are you suffering from? [wotaayu safring from] De quoi souffres-tu?
–I’m suffering from … [am safring from…] Je souffre de …

Illnesses [ilnisiz] Maladies

Sicknesses [siknisiz] Maladies
• AIDS [eides] SIDA.
• Bellyache [beliek] Maux de ventre
• Cholera [kolera] Choléra
• Common cold [komon kold] Rhume
• Cough [kof] La toux
• Diarrhoea [daierie] Diarrhée
• Fever [fivé] Fièvre
• To have a fever [tu hev e fivé] Avoir de la fièvre

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 7

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

• Flu [flu:] Grippe

• Influenza [in’flu:enza] Grippe
• Headache [hedek] Maux de tête
• Malaria [meleeria] Malaria
• Pain [pein] Douleur
• Sore throat [sor frout] Mal à la gorge
• Tuberculosis [tyubeekyulousis] Tuberculose
• Typhoid [taifoid] Typhoïde
• Bronchitis [bron’kaitis] Bronchite
• Hepatitis [hepeitaites] Hépatite
• Cancar [kansa] Cancer
• Angina [andzaina] Angine
• Hemorrhage [hemouridz] Hémorragie
• Internal bleeding [in’tenol bliding] Hémorragie interne
• Tonsil [tons’l] Amygdale
• Cavities [ka:vitiz] Caries dentaires
• Stroke [strouk] AVC
• Haemorrhagic fever [hemora:dzik five] Fièvre Hémorragique
• Hernia [‘Henié] Hernie
• Herniated disc [‘henieitid diesk] Hernie discale
• Goitre [goita] Goitre
• Surgery [segzeri] Operation churgicale
• Tumor [tyuma] Tumeur
• Liver cirrhosis [liva si’rousis] Cirrhose de foie
• Gastritis [gastraites] Gastrite
• Injury [in’dzeri] Blessure
• Wound [wund] Plaie
• Fainted [feintid] Évanoui
• Leper [lepé] Lépreux
• Leprosy [lepreusi] Lèpre
• Epilepsy [epailepsi] Epilepsie
• Shock [shok] Choc
• Fracture [frektshé] Fracture
• Mental disorder [mentol dizoda] Trouble mental
• Amoeba [amiba] Amibe
• Digestive trouble [daidzestiv traubl] Trouble digestif
• Brain disorder [brein dizoda] Trouble cérébral
• Inflammation [in’flemeishen] Inflammation
• Amebic diarrhea [amibik daierié] Diarrhée amibienne
• Acquistome [akwistoum] Acquistome
• Dirty hand disease [deti hend diziz] Maladie de la main sale
• Yellow fever [yelou fiva] Fièvre jaune
• Hemorrhoids [‘hemoroidz] Hémorroïdes
• Stomach aches [stamek eiks] Maux de ventre
• Back pain [bek pein] Maux de dos
• High blood pressure [hai blad preshué] Hypertension artérielle
• Hypotension [‘haipotenshen] Hypotension
• Cardiac [kadiak] Cardiaque
• Cardiac arrest [kadiak erest] Arrêt cardiaque

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 8

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Other words
What about yours? [wotebaut yos] Et alors le tien ?
To tell [tu tel] Dire ou raconter
To bless [tu bles] Bénir
To curse [tu kes] Maudire
Curse [kes] Malédiction
Blessing [blesing] Bénédiction
Went [went] Passé du verbe to go
To ache [tu eik] Faire mal
My heart beats [mai hat bits] Mon cœur bat
E.g : My head aches [mai hed eiks] J’ai mal à la tête

Social life [soshiol laif] Vie sociale

Sir [sé] Monsieur
Mr. [misté] Monsieur
Mrs. [misiz] Madame
Madam. [medem] Madame
Yound lady [yang ‘leidi] Demoiselle
Single lady [singol ‘leidi] Demoiselle
Maiden lady [meid’n ‘leidi] Demoiselle
Bridesmaiden [braidzmeid’n] Demoiselle
Miss [mis] Mademoiselle

[fem’li membez] Membres de la famille

Family members
[riletiviz]
Relatives Membres de la famille
[fadé]
Father [dedi] Père
Daddy [ded] Papa
Dad [mam] Papa
Mum [mami] Maman
Mummy Maman
[madé]
Mother [peerent] Mère
Parent [nefyu] Parent
Nephew [niis] Neveu
Niece Nièce
[kauzin]
Cousin [bradé] Cousin (e)
Brother [eldé bradé] Frère
Elder brother [yang bradé] Grand frère
Young brother [sisté] Petit frère
Sister [eldé sisté] Sœur
Elder sister Grande sœur
[yang sisté]
Young sister [sibling] Petite sœur
Sibling [ankol] Frère ou sœur
Uncle [aant] Oncle
Aunt [meid’n a:nt] Tante
Maiden aunt [meid’n] Tante célibataire
Maiden [vedzin] Jeune fille, vierge
Virgin Vierge

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 9

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Registre office [redzisté ofis] Etat civil

Married [merid] Marié
Unmarried [anmerid] Célibataire
Single [singol] Célibataire
Spinster [‘spinsté] Fille célibataire
Spinsterhood [‘spinstéhud] Célibat
Celibacy [‘selibesi] Célibat
Bachelorhood [betsheléhud] Célibat, vie de garçon
Bachelor [betshelé] Garçon célibataire
Husband [hazbend] Mari
Wife [waif] Epouse
Man [mhen] Homme
Men [men] Hommes
Woman [wumen] Femme
Women [wimin] Femmes
Bride [braid] Mariée
Bride groom [braid grum] Marié
Bride-to-be [braid tu bi] Future mariée
Widow [widou] Veuve
Widower [widowé] Veuf
Orphan [ofen] Orphélin (e)
Grandparents [grendpeerents] Grands-parents
Grandfather [grendfadé] Grand-père
Grandpa [grendpa] Grand-père
Grandmother [grendmadé] Grand-mère
Grandma [grendma] Grand-maman
Grandchild [grendtshaild] Petit-fils et petite-fille
Grandson [grendsan] Petit-fils
Granddaughter [grenddouté] Petite-fille

Family-in-law [femli in lou] Belle-famille

Father-in-law [fade in lou] Beau-père
Mother-in-law [made in lou] Belle-mère
Brother-in-law [bradé in lou] Beau-frère
Sister-in-law [sisté in lou] Belle-soeur
Son-in-law [san in lou] Gendre ou beau-fils
Daughter-in-law [douté in lou] Belle-fille

Others words [adé wedz] D’autres mots

I’m sorry [am sori] Je suis désolé (e).
How is Mary? [hau iz meeri] Comment est Marie ?
- She is alright [shi iz olrait] Elle va bien
- She is so bad [shi iz so bed] Elle ne va pas bien
How is Kinshasa? [hau iz kinshasa] Comment est Kinshasa ?
It is okay [itiz okei] Ça va bien
It is so bad [itiz so bed] Ça ne va pas bien

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 10

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON TWO

SOME QUESTIONS

Q.1.A. what are you? [wotayu] [worayu] Quelle est votre occupation ?
Q.1.B. what do you do? [wot du yu du] Que fais-tu dans la vie ?

Answer [ansé] Réponse

I am a (an) … [aiem e (en)] Je suis un (une) …

At School [et skul] À l’école

A teacher [e ti:tshé] Un (e) enseignant (e)
A dean [e di:n] Un (e) doyen (ne)
A student [e ‘styu:dent] Un (e) étudiant (e)
A pupil [e pyu:’pl] Un (e) élève
A master [e maasté] Un maître
A mistress [e mistres] Une maîtresse
A headmistress [e hedmistres] Une directrice
A headmaster [e hedmaasté] Un directeur
A keeper [e ki:pé] Un (e) gardien(ne)
A prefect [e prifekt] Un préfet
A professor [pre’fesé] Un professeur
A principal [e prin’sipol] Un proviseur
A workmate [e wekmeit] Un collègue
A colleague [kolig] Un collègue
A classmate [e klasmeit] Un Condisciple
A Schoolmate [skulmeit] Un Condisciple

Agriculture [agrikaltshé] Agriculture

A farmer [faamé] Un cultivateur
A gardener [e gaadiné] Un jardinier
A breeder [e bri:dé] Un éleveur
An agronomist [ene’gronemist] Un agronome
A veterinary [veterineri] Un vétérinaire
A florist [e floest] Un fleuriste
A digger [digé] Un creuseur
A gold digger [e gould digé] Un creuseur d’or
A shepherd [e sheped] Un (e) berger (e)
A butcher [‘butshé] Un (e) boucher (e)

Construction [kons’trakshen] Construction

Masonry [meis’nri] Construction
A fireman [e faiemen] Un pompier
A craftsman [e kraftsmen] Un artisan
A joiner [e dzoiné] Un menuisier
A carpenter [e ka:pen’té] Un charpentier
A mason [e meis’n] Un maçon
A painter [e peinté] Un peintre
A constructor [e kons’trakté] Un constructeur
A builder [e bildé] Un bâtisseur
An engineer [enendzinié] Un ingénieur

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 11

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Profession [pro’feshen] Profession

A carter [e ka:té] Un charretier
A road man [e rodmen] Un cantonnier
An organizer [enoogenaizé] Un (e) animateur (trice)
An animator [en enimeité] Un (e) animateur (trice)
A presenter [e pri’zenté] Un (e) animateur (trice)
A tailor [e teilé] Un tailleur (euse)
A journalist [e dzenelist] Un journaliste
A cobbler [e koblé] Un cordonnier
A shoe mender [e shu mendé] Un cordonnier
A shoe maker [e shu meiké] Un cordonnier
A baker [e beiké] Un boulanger
A winder [e windé] Un bobineur
A hairdresser [eneedresé] Un coiffeur
A barber [e ba:bé] Un coiffeur
A couturier [ku:tsereié] Un couturier
A dressmaker [e dres meiké] Une couturière
An electrician [enilek’trishen] Un électricien.
A miller [e milé] Un meunier (moulin)
A sower [e sowé] Un (e) semeur (se)
A poacher [e poutshé] Un braconnier
A hunter [e hanté] Un (e)chasseur (euse)
A photographer [e fotogreifé] Un photographe
A writer [e raité] Un écrivain.
A dancer [e densé] Un (e) danseur (euse)
A singer [singé] Un (e) chanteur (euse)
A fisher [e fishé] Un (e) pêcheur (euse)
A solderer [e solderé] Un (e) soudeur (euse)
A welder [e weldé] Un (e) soudeur (euse)
A smith [e smif] Un forgeron
A decorator [e ‘dekereité] Un décorateur

Mechanical [mekenikol] Mécanique

A mechanic [e mekanik] Un (e) mécanicien (ne)
A captain [e kapt’n] Un capitaine d’un navire
An electrician [enilek’trishen] Un (e) électricien (ne)
Porcelain restorer . [poslein ristoré] Un réparateur de porcelaine
A repairman of works of art [e ripeemen ov weks ov a: t] Un réparateur d’objets d’art.
A cabman [e kaabmen] Un taximan
A cyclist [e saiklest] Un cycliste
A repairer [e ripeeré] Un réparateur
A driver [draivé] Un chauffeur
A conductor [kendakté] Un conducteur
A chauffeur [shoufa] Un chauffeur
A pilot [e pai’let] Un pilote
A Computer scientist [kempyuté saien’tist] Un (e) informaticien (ne)
A computerist [e kempyuterist] Un (e) informaticien (ne)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 12

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Health [helf] Santé

A dentist [e den’tist] Un dentiste
A doctor [e dokté] Un docteur
A nurse [e nes] Un (e) infirmier (e)
A surgeon [e sedzon] Un (e) chirurgien (ne)
A paediatrician [e pi:die’trishen] Un pédiatre
A pediatrist [pi‘daietrst] Un pédiatre.
A physician [e fizishen] Un médecin, physicien.
A Chemist [kemist] Un pharmacien, chimiste.
An oculist [enakyulest] Un oculiste.
An ophthalmologist [enof’falmolodzest] Un ophtalmogiste, ophtalmologue

State grades [steit greidz] Grades étatiques.

A president [e prezi’dent] Un président.
A vice president [e vais prezident] Un vice-président
A deputy chairman [depyuti tsheemen] Un vice-président
The prime minister [de praim ministé] Un 1er ministre
A governer [gav’né] Un gouverneur
A mayor [e meé] Un maire.
A mayoress [e meeres] Une mairesse
A bourgomaster [e bugemasté] Un bourgmestre
A senator [e senité] Un sénateur
A clerk [e klek] Un greffier
An usher [en ashé] Un huissier
A bailiff [e beilif] Un huissier (justice)
A door-keeper [e dooki:pé] Un huissier
A notary public [noteri pablik] Un huissier (juridique)
A receiver [e risi:vé] Un receveur
A collector [e ke’lekté] Un collecteur, percepteur
A secretary [e sekretri] Un (e) secrétaire
An administrator [en ed’ministreité] Un administrateur
A king [e king] Un roi
A queen [e kwin] Une reine
A chairman [e tsheemen] Un président (de société, de séance)
A chairman and manager [tsheemen end menidzer] Un P.D.G.
A chairman of the board [tsheemen ove bod] Un président du conseil d’administration
An ambassador [enem’besedé] Un (e) ambassadeur (drice)
A bursar [besé] Un économe
A Steward [stued] Un économe
A treasurer [trezeré] Un économe
A prince [prins] Un prince
A princess [prinses] Une princesse
An accountant [enekaun’tent] Un comptable.
A deputed [depyutid] Un député

Trades [treidz] Commerce

A tradeswoman [e treidzwumen] Une commerçante
A tradesman [e treidzmen] Un commerçant.
A businessman [e bizinismen] Un homme d’affaire
A businesswoman [e biziniswumen] Une femme d’affaire
A client [e klaient] Un client (coiffeur)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 13

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

A customer (magasin) [e kastomé] un client (achat)

A stockist [e stokest] Un fournisseur détaillant.
A merchant [metshent] Un fournisseur
A supplier [e seplaié] Fournisseur
A shopkeeper [e shopki: pé] Magasinier
A hawker [e houké] Marchand ambulant
A money-changer [e mani tsheindzé] Un changeur, cambiste
A vendor [e vendé] Un vendeur (euse)
A seller [e selé] Un vendeur (euse).
A purchaser [e petshizé] Acheteur (euse)
A buyer [e baié] Acheteur (euse)

Military service [militeri sevis] Service militaire

A colonnel [kolonel] Colonnel
A major [meidzé] Major
A captain [kapt’n] Capitaine
A corporal [koprl] Caporal
A policewoman [poliswumen] Policière
A policeman [polismen] Policier
An adjutant [enedzutent] Adjudant
A sergeant [sedzent] Sergent, brigadier
A sarge [sa:dz] Sergent
A soldier [e soldzé] Soldat
A fighter [e faité] Combattant
A warrior [worié] Combattant
A veteran [e ‘veteren] Ancien combattant
A lieutenant [lief’tenent] Lieutenant.
A general [e dzenerol] General
An infantryman [enin’fentrimen] Fantassin
A warder [wodé] Gardien de prison
A wardress [wodress] Gardienne de prison
A jailor [dzeilé] Géolier

Sports [spo:ts] Sports

A player [pleyé] Joueur (euse)
A goalkeeper [golki: pé] Gardien de buts
A referee [riferi] Arbitre
An umpire. [am’paié] Arbitre
A card player [ka:d pleyé] Joueur des cartes
A touch judge [tatsh dzadz] Juge de touche
A linesman [lainzmen] Juge de touche
A basket player [baskit pleyé] Basketteur.
A supporter [e sapoté] Supporteur
A spectator [e spekteté] Spectateur.
An onlooker [onluké] Spectateur.
An athlete [atlit] Athlète
A gymnast [dzimnast] Gymnaste
A boxer [boksa] Boxeur
Karate [kuraiti] Karaté

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 14

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Justice [dzastis] Justice

Judge [dzadz] Juge
Barrister [baristé] Avocat (e)
Magistrate [‘madzistreit] Magistrat
Lawyer [lowié] Juriste
An inspector [enins’pekté] Inspecteur
Public prosecutor [pablik prosekyuta] Procureur général ou d’état
state prosecutor [steit prosekyuta] Procureur général ou d’état
Justice Ministry [dzastis ministri] Ministre de la justice

Hotel [hotel] Hôtel

A Host [host] Un hôte
A Hostess [hostes] Une hôtesse
A cooker [e kuké] Une cuisinière
A chef [e tshef] Un cuisinier
A server [e sevé] Un (e) serveur (euse)
A servant [e sevent] Un (e) servant (e)
A housekeeper [e hauzki: pé] Une ménagère.
A maid [e meid] Une femme domestique, femme de chambre
A chief [tshif] Un chef
hotel keeper [houtel kipé] Un hôtelier
Innkeeper [inkipé] Un hôtelier

Religion [relidzen] Religion

A pastor [pas:té] Un pasteur
A pagan [peig’n] Un (e) païen (ne)
A heathen [hi:d’n] Un (e) païen (ne)
A nun [nan] Une religieuse
Nunnery [naneri] Un couvent
A chaplain [tsheplein] Un aumônier
A monk [mank] Un moine
A christian [kristien] Un (e) chrétien (ne)
A laity [leiti] Un laïc
A reverend [reverend] Un révérend
A deacon [di:ken] Un diacre
A deaconess [di:kenes] Une diaconesse.
A priest [prist] Un prêtre.
A bishop [bishop] Un evêque
A parishioner [perishiné] Un paroissien

Jehovah’s Organization [dzehouvaz ogenai’zeishen] Organisation de Jéhovah

Bethelite [befelait] Béthelite
Elder [eldé] Ancien.
Publisher [pablishé] Proclamateur
Baptized publisher [beptaizd pablishé] Proclamateur baptisé
Ministerial servant [ministeriol sevent] Assistant
Unbaptized publisher [anbeptaizd pablishé] Proclamateur non-baptisé
Circuit overseer [sekut ovésié] Responsable de circonscription
Construction servant [kons’trakshen sevent] Serviteur à la construction
Regular pioneer [regula paienié] Pionnier permanent

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 15

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Auxiliary pioneer [ogzilieri paienié] Pionnier auxiliaire.

Special pioneer [speshiol paienié] Pionnier spécial.
Watchtower conductor [wotsh tawé kendakté] Conducteur à la Tour de Garde.
Representant of branch office [riprizentent ov brantsh ofis] Représentant de la filiale.
Representant of World Headquarters [riprizentent ov weld hedkwotez] Représentant du siège Mondial
Governing body [gav’ning bodi] Collège central
Member of Governing body [membé ov gav’ning bodi] Membre du collège central.
Helper of Governing body [helpé ov gav’ning bodi] Assistant du collège central
body of elders [bodi ov eldez] Collège d’anciens
Meek [mi:k] Humble
Humble [hambl] Humble
Anointed [anointed] Oint
Other sheep [adé ship] Autre brebis
Service committee [sevis komiti] Comité de service
Coordinator of the body of elders [koodinata ove bodi ov eldez] Coordinateur du collège des anciens
Secretary [sekretri] Secrétaire
Service overseer [sevis ovesié] Responsable de la prédication
Branch committee [brantsh komiti] Comité de la filiale
Member of Branch Committee [membe ov brantsh komiti] Membre du comité de la filiale

Caretaking [keeteiking] Gardiennage

Guarding [gading] Gardiennage
Child minder [tshaild maindé] Gardien d’enfant
Prison warder [prizn wedé] Gardien (de prison)
Caretaker [keeteiké] Gardien d’immeuble
Prison wardress [prizn wedres] Gardienne (de prison)
Watchman [wotshmen] Sentinelle
Sentry [sen’tri] Sentinelle
Manager [menidzé] Manager, gérant
Manageress [menidzeres] Directrice, gérante

Q.2. what are you doing now? [Wotaayu duing nau] Que fais-tu maintenant ?
– I’m learning English [am lening inglish] J’apprends l’Anglais
– I’m studying my lesson [am stading mai les’n] J’étudie ma leçon.
– I’m cooking lunch [am kuking langtsh] Je prépare la nourriture.
– I’m sweeping my house [am swiping mai hauz] Je balaie ma maison.
– I’m cleaning my teeth [am klining mai tif] Je brosse mes dents.
– I’m fetching water [am fetching woté] Je puise de l’eau.
– I’m drawing water [am drowing woté] Je puise de l’eau.
– I’m sleeping on my bed [am sliping on mai bed] Je dors sur mon lit.
– I’m taking a rest in my sitting room [am teiking e rest in mai siting rum] Je me repose au salon de sejour.
– I’m doing my dishes [am duing mai dishiz] Je fais la vaisselle.
– I’m taking bath in the shower bath [am teiking baf in de shawé baf] Je me lave dans la douche.
– I’m washing my clothes [am woshing mai kloviz] Je lessive les habits.
– I’m watching football on TV [am wotshing futbol on tivi] Je regarde football à la télé.
– I’m sitting in the sitting room [am siting in de siting rum] Je m’assieds ou Je m’assois au salon.
– I’m writing my summery [am raiting mai sameri] J’écris mon résumé.
– I’m reading my Bible stories [am riding mai baibol storiz] Je lis mes histoires bibliques.
– I’m singing in the Kingdom Hall [am singing in de kingdom hol] Je chante dans la Salle du Royaume.
– I’m praying in my bedroom [am preying in mai bedrum] Je prie dans ma chambre à coucher.
– I’m making a fire [am meiking e faié] J’allume le feu.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 16

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

– I’m baking some breads [am beiking sam breds] Je prépare du pain.
– I’m playing draughts [am pleying drafts] Je joue aux dames.
– I’m eating some bananas [am iting sam benanez] Je mange de la banane.
– I‘m doing my accountancy [am duing mai ekaun’tensi] Je fais ma comptabilité.
– I’m preparing my monthly report [am pripeering mai manfli ripot] Je prépare le rapport mensuel.
– I’m cultivating my field [am kaltiveiting mai fild] Je cultive mon champ
– I’m digging a hole [am diging e hol] Je creuse un trou
– I’m weeding my garden [am widing mai gad’n] Je sarcle mon jardin
– I’m watering my plot [am wotering mai plot] J’arose ma parcelle
– I’m shaving myself [am sheiving maiself] Je me rase
– I’m giving out magazines [am giving aut megeziniz] Je distribute des revues
– I’m conducting my Bible study [am kendakting mai baibol stadi] Je conduis mon étude biblique.
– I’m paying visit to people [am peying vizit tu pipol] Je visite les gens
– I’m doing John’s hair [am duing dzonz hee] Je coiffe Jean
– I’m putting my hat on [am puting mai het on] Je me coiffe
– I’m doing my hair [am duing mai hee] Je me coiffe.
– I’m braiding Susan’s hair [am breiding suzanz hee] Je tresse le cheveu de Suzanne.
– I’m toasting some meat [am tousting sam mit] Je grille de la viande.
– I’m roasting some fish [am rousting sam fish] Je cuis du poisson.
– I’m dressing [am dresing] Je m’habille.
– I’m doing my homework [am duing mai homwek] Je fais mon devoir à domicile.
– I’m botching our class room [am botching awé klas rum] Je torchonne notre salle de classe.
– We are attending to our meeting [wi aa etending tu awé miting] Nous assistons à nos réunions.
– We’re making our family worship [wir meiking awé femili weship] Nous faisons le culte familial.
– I’m treating some patients [am triting sam peishients] Je soigne quelques malades.
– I’m caring about my baby [am keering ebaut mai beibi] Je prends soin de mon bébé.
– I’m nursing my firstborn daughter [am nesing mai festbon douté] J’allaite ma fille ainée.
– I’m suckling [am sakling mai beibi] J’allaite mon bébé
– I’m sucking sugar cane [am saking shuga kein] Je suce la canne à sucre
– I’m drinking beer [am drinking bié] Je bois de la bière.
– I’m doing my quiz [am duing mai kwiz] Je fais l’interrogation.
– I’m collecting some books [am kolekting sam buks] Je rassemble des livres
– I’m building my house [am bilding mai hauz] Je batis ma maison.
– We are making photocopy [wi aa meiking fotokopi] Nous faisons la photocopie.
– I’m printing some copies [am printing sam kopiz] J’imprime quelques copies.
– To make [tu meik] Fabriquer, faire
– To bake [tu beik] Préparer du pain
– To shave himself [tu sheiv imself] Se raser

Q.3. Where are you going? [wee ayu going] Où vas-tu ? Où allez-vous ?
–I’m going home [am going hom] Je vais à la maison.
–I’m going to fount [am going tu faunt] Je vais à la fontaine.
–I’m going to the hospital [am going tu di ospitol] Je vais voir quelqu’un à l’hopital
–I’m going to hospital [am going tu ospitol] Je vais consulter le docteur à l’hopital.
–We are going to Bible meeting [wi aa going tu baibol miting] Nous allons aux réunions bibliques.
–We are going to John’s [wi aa going tu dzonz] Nous allons chez Jean.
–I’m going to James’ [am going tu dzeimz] Je vais chez Jacques
–I’m goingo to visit Jesus’ disciples [am going tu vizit dzizes disaiplz] Je vais viziter les disciples de Jésus
–We are going to market [wi aa going tu makit] Nous allons au marché.
–We are going to call box
[wi aa going tu kol box] Nous allons à la cabine publique.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 17

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

–I’m going to my office [am going tu mai ofis] Je vais au bureau.

–I’m going to river [am going tu rivé] Je vais à la rivière.
–I’m going to Matadi [am going tu matadi] Je vais à Matadi.
–I’m going to bookstore [am going tu bukstoo] Je vais à la librairie.
–I’m going to library [am going tu laibreri] Je vais à la bibliothèque.
–I’m going to drugstore [am going tu dragstoo] Je vais à la pharmacie.
–I’m going to chemist’s shop [am going tu kemists shop] Je vais à la pharmacie.
–I’m going to pharmacy [am going tu famesi] Je vais à la boutique ou industrie
–I’m going to workshop [am going tu wekshop] Je vais à l’atelier.

Q4. Where are you coming from? [wee ayu koming from] D’où viens-tu ?
Where are you from? [wee ayu from] D’où viens-tu ?
–I’m coming from home [am kaming from hom] Je viens de la maison
–I’m coming from Nkodia’s [am kaming from nkodiaz] Je viens de chez Nkodia
–We are coming from Church [wi aa kaming from tshetsh] Nous venons de l’église
–We are coming from Parish [wi aa kaming from perish] Nous venons de la paroisse
–We’re coming from Airport [wir kaming from eepot] Nous venons de l’aéroport
–We are coming from Seaport [wi aa kaming from sipot] Nous venons du port maritime
–We are coming from Rail station [wi aa kaming from reil steishen] Nous venons de la gare ferroviaire
–I’m coming from Bus stop [am kaming from bas stop] Je viens de l’arrêt bus
–I’m coming from Bus stage [am kaming from bas steidz] Je viens de l’arrêt bus
–I’m coming from Park [am kaming from pak] Je viens du parc
–I’m coming from great hotel [am kaming from greit otel] Je viens du grand hôtel
–I’m coming from infirmary [am kaming from in’femeri] Je viens de l’infirmerie
–I’m coming from shipping [am kaming from shiping] Je viens de l’expédition
–I’m coming from reception [am kaming from risepshen] Je viens de la réception
–I’m coming from gateway [am kaming from geitwei] Je viens du portail.
–I’m coming from elders’ meeting [am kaming from eldez miting] Je viens de la réunion des anciens.
–I’m coming from School [am kaming from skul] Je viens de l’école.
–I’m coming from assembly Hall [am kaming from asembli hol] Je viens de la salle d’assemblée

Q.5. What is your religion? [wotiz yo ri’ligzen] Quelle est ta (votre) religion ?
–I’m a Jehovah’s Witness [am e dzehouvaz witnis] [wir Je suis un témoin de Jéhovah
–We’re Jehovah’s Witnesses dze’houvaz witnisiz] . Nous sommes des Témoins de
–I’m a catholic [am e keflik] Jéhovah
–I’m a protestant [am e ‘protistent] Je suis un catholique.
–I’m a budhist [am e budist] Je suis un protestant.
–I’m a Hindu [am e ‘hindu] Je suis un bouddhiste.
–I’m a Moslem or Muslim [am e moslem oo mazlim] Je suis un hindou.
–I’m a rosicrucian [am e rozikrushen] Je suis un musilman.
–I’m a mormon [am e momen] Je suis une rose-croix.
–I’m a Methodist [am e mefodist] Je suis un mormon.
–I’m an orthodox [am eno:fedoks] Je suis un méthodiste
–I’m a Christian [am e kristien] Je suis un orthodoxe
–I’m a laity [am e leiti] Je suis un chrétien
–I’m a pagan [am e peigen] Je suis un laïc
–I’m a branamist [am e branamist] Je suis un païen
Je suis un branamiste

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 18

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

SOME EXPRESSION [e bit ov lak] Chance

A bit of luck [e bit ov sket] Femme
A bit of skirt [e greit dil] Grande chose, beaucoup
A great deal [ed fuel tu de fleimz] Verser l’huile sur le feu
Add fuel to the flames [Afté yu] Après vous
After you [egeins de grein] Pas de bon cœur, en travers de la fivre
Against the grain [ol inkludid] Tout compris
All included [emai distebing yu] Est-ce que je vous dérage ?
Am I disturbing you? [eni ekstra fi] Des frais supplémentaires
Any extra fee? [enifing elz] Autre chose ?
Anything else? [aa eni milz dileiz] Est-ce que des repas sont compris ?
Are any meals included? [aa dee eni dileiz] Y a-t-il des retards ?
Are there any delays? [aa dee eni diskaunts] Y a-t-il des remises ?
Are there any discounts? [aa dee eni ridyusid feez] Y a-t-il des reductions ?
Are there any reduced fares? [aa dee eni speez shitz] Y a-t-il des draps de rechange ?
Are there any spares sheets? [aa dee eni witnisiz] Y a-t-il des témoins ?
Are there any witnesses? [aa dee eni shawez on sait] Y a-t-il sur le site des douches ?
Are there any showers on site? [as de crau flaiz] A vol d’oiseau
As the crow flies [aa dee speshiol wikend reitz] Y a-t-il des tarifs pour le weekend ?
Are there special weekend rates? [aa dee andewoté karints] Y a-t-il des courats sous-marins ?
Are there underwater currents [aa diz kristolz] Est-ce que ce sont des crystaux ?
Are these crystals? [aa diz figez very fradzail] Ces figurines sont-elles tres fragiles ?
Are these figures very fragile? [aayu divosid] Etes-vous divorcé ?
Are you divorced? [aayu dizi] Avez-vous la tête qui tourne ?
Are you dizzy? [aayu getingof] Est-ce que vous descendez ?
Are you getting off? [aayu merid] Etes-vous marié ?
Are you married? [aayu okyupaid] Etes-vous occupé ?
Are you occupied? [aayu open on sandeiz] Etes-vous ouverts le dimanche ?
Are you open on Sundays? [aayu redi tu oda] Vous avez choisi ?
Are you ready to order? [aayu singol] Etes-vous célibataire ?
Are you single? [ezit wee] Pour ainsi dire, n’importe où
As it were [ez sun esai ken] Dès que je pourrai ; ausssi que possible
As soon as I can [et wot taim] A quelle heure ?
At what time [et yo won swit wil] Comme vous voulez, à votre commande
At your own sweet will [bed neim] Mauvais renom
Bad name [bi e bizibodi] Faire la mouche du coche
Be a busybody [bi e dad] Etre faux, etre à plat
Be a dud [bi et luz end] Etre désoeuvré, ne pas trop savoir quoi faire
Be at loose end [bi et logehedz] Etre en désaccord, donner une image
Be at loggerheads [bi et wanz wits end] Hésiter
Be at ones’ wits’ end [bi feisid wid] Etre confronté à, etre contraint à faire face
Be faced with [bi ful ov binz] Etre en bonne santé
Be full of beans [bi hend in glav] Porter des gants
Be hand in glove [bi in klové] Vivre comme un coq
Be in clover [bi in de blek] Etre créditeur
Be in the black [bi in de salks] Faire la tête
Be in the sulks [bi on wanz metol] Etre sur le qui vive
Be on one’s mettle [bi on tentehuks] Etre sur des charbons ardents
Be on tenterhooks [bi kwik on di apteik] Comprendre vite, saisir vite, avoir l’espri vif
Be quick on the uptake [bi ap de poul] Se gourer, se dérailler
Be up the pole [bit ebaut de bush] Tourner autour du sujet, étourdir

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 19

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Beat about the bush [bel de ket] Attacher le grelot

Bell the cat [big bag] Huile
Big bug [big noiz] Huile
Big noise [big shot] Huile, gros bonnet, grosse légume
Big shot [bait de dast] Essuyer la poussière
Bite the dust [blid wait] Egorger
Bleed white

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 20

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON THREE

SIMPLE PRESENT OF ‘TO BE’

AFFIRMATIVE FORM [efemetiv foom] FORME AFFIRMATIVE

Long form [long foom] Forme longue Short form [shoot foom] Forme contractée
I am [aiem] Je suis I’m [am] Je suis
You are [yu aa] Tu es You’re [yur] Tu es
He is [hi iz] Il est He’s [hiz] Il est
she is [shi iz] Elle est She’s [shiz] Elle est
It is [itiz] C’est It’s [its] C’est
we are [wi aa] Nous sommes We’re [wir] Nous sommes
You are [yu aa] Vous êtes You’re [yur] Vous êtes
They are [dei aa] Ils sont, elles sont They’re [deir] Ils sont, elles sont

Negative form [negetiv fom] Forme négative

Long form [long foom] Forme longue Short form [shoot foom] Forme contractée
I am not [aiem not] Je ne suis pas I’m not [am not] Je suis
You are not [yu aa not] Tu n’es pas You’re not [yur not] Tu es
He is not [hi iz not] Il n’est pas He’s not [hiz not] Il est
she is not [shi iz not] Elle n’est pas She’s not [shiz not] Elle est
It is not [itiz not] Ce n’est pas It’s not [its not] C’est
we are not [wi aa not] Nous ne sommes pas We’re not [wir not] Nous sommes
You are not [yu aa not] Vous n’êtes pas You’re not [yur not] Vous êtes
They are not [dei aa not] Ils (elles) ne sont pas They’re not [deir not] Ils sont, elles sont

Negative form [negetiv fom] Forme négative

Short form [shoot foom] Forme contractée
I’m not [am not] Je ne suis pas we aren’t [wi aant] Nous ne sommes pas
You aren’t [yu aant] Tu n’es pas You aren’t [yu aant] Vous n’êtes pas
He isn’t [hi iz nt] Il n’est pas They aren’t [dei aant] Ils (elles) ne sont pas
she isn’t [shi iznt] Elle n’est pas
It isn’t [itiznt] Ce n’est pas

Interrogative form Positive answer Negative answer

Am I? [emai] Suis-je ? Yes, you are No, you’re not
Are you? [ayu] Es-tu ? Yes, I am No, I’m not
Is he? [iz hi] Est-il ? Yes, he is No, he’s not
Is she? [iz shi] Est-elle ? Yes, she is No, she’s not
Is it? [izit] Est-ce ? Yes, it is No, it’s not
Are we? [awi] Sommes-nous ? Yes, you are No, you’re not
Are you? [ayu] Êtes-vous ? Yes, we are No, we’re not
Are they? [adei] Sont-ils (elles) ? Yes, they are No, they’re not

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 21

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

ADJECTIVES AND SIMPLE PRESENT OF TO BE

TEXT:
–This child is happy today [dis tshaild iz hepi tu dei]
Oh, yes he’s not sad [oo yes hiz not sed]
–We are late today [wi aa leit tu dei]
Oh yes, you’re not early. [oo yes yu’r not eli]
–That girl is very ugly. [det gel iz veri agli]
Oh yes, she’s not pretty. [oo yes shiz not preti]
–This lady is so beautiful [dis ledi iz sou biyutiful]
Oh yes, she’s not ugly. [oo yes shiz not agli]
–You are careless these days. [yu aa keeles diz deiz]
Oh yes, we’re not cautious. [oo yes wir not koshez]
–Your father is busy this week. [yo fade iz bizi dis wik]
Oh yes, he’s not free. [oo yes hiz not fri]
–That boy is very handsome. [det boi iz veri hendsam]
Oh yes, he’s not ugly. [oo yes hiz not agli]
–This mummy is so satisfied. [dis mami iz sou satisfaid]
Oh yes, she’s not hungry. [oo yes shiz not hangri]
–Those teachers are angry. [doz titshez aa engri]
Oh yes, they’re not glad. [oo yes deir not gled]
–My brother is so courageous. [mai bradé iz sou karidzes]
Oh yes, he’s not lazy. [oo yes hiz not leizi]
–You’re very weak this week. [yur veri wik dis wik]
Oh yes, I’m not strong. [oo yes am not strong]

ADJECTIVES AND SIMPLE PRESENT OF TO BE

TEXT:

NEW WORDS [niyu weds] MOTS NOUVEAUX

Adjectives Phonetics Meanings Nouns Phonetics Meanings

This [dis vis] Ceci, cet, ce A child [e tshaild] Un enfant
That [dat] [det] [vet] Cela, ce, cet Children [tshildren] Des enfants
These [diz] Ces-ci Kid [kid] Un enfant
Those [douz] [vouz] Ces-là Infant [in’fent] Un enfant
Hungry [hangri] Affamé (e) Hunger [hangé] Faim
Angry [engri] En colère Anger [engé] Colère
Weak [wi:k] Faible Weakness [wi:knis] Faiblesse
Strong [strong] Fort (e) Strength [Strengf] Force
Awkward [o:kwed] Mal à l’aise Awkwardness [o:kwednis] Embarras
Tired [taied] Fatigué (e) Tiredness [taiednis] Fatigue
Tireless [taieles] Infatigable
Happy [hepi] Heureux Happiness [hepines] Bonheur
Happy go lucky [hepi go laki] Insouci (e)
Glad [gled] Content Gladness [glednes] Allégresse
Pleased [plizd] Content Pleasure [plezé] Plaisir
Kind [kaind] Gentil (le) Kindness [kaindnis] Gentillesse

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 22

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Good [gud] Bon (ne) Goodness [gudnis] Bonté

Good for nothing [gud fo nafing] Vaurien
Wise [wais] Sage Wisdom [wisdom] Sagesse
Love [lav] Amour Love [lav] Amour
Merciful [mesiful] Miséricordieux Mercy [mesi] Miséricorde
Mighty [maiti] Puissant (e) Mightiness [maitinis] Puissance
Powerful [paweful] Puissant (e) Power [pawé] Puissance
Almighty [olmaiti] Tout-puissant
All powerful [ol paweful] Tout-puissant
Courageous [karidzes] Courageux Courage [karidz] Courage
Lazy [leizi] Paresseux Laziness [leizinis] Paresse
Idle [aidol] Paresseux Idleness [aidolnis] Inaction
Slothful [sloful] Paresseux
Sluggish [slagish] Paresseux Sluggishness [slagishnis] Apathie
Dirty [deti] Sale Dirtiness [detinis] Saleté
Obedient [ebidient] Obéissant (e) Obedience [obidiens] Obéissance
Disobedient [disebidient] Désobéissant Disobedience [disebidiens] Désobéissance
Beautiful [biyutiful] Belle Beauty [biyuti] Beauté
Handsome [hendsam] Beau
Quiet [kwaiet] Calme Quietness [kwaietnis] Tranquillité
Sad [sed] Triste Sadness [sednis] Tristesse
Free [fri] Libre Freedom [fridom] Liberté
Careful [keeful] Prudent (e) Carefulness [keefulnis] Prudence
Cautious [koshez] Prudent (e) Caution [koshen] Précaution
Careless [keelis] Imprudent Carelessness [keelisnis] Imprudence
Busy [bizi] Occupé (e) Business [bizinis] Affaire
Cold [kold] Froid (e) Coldness [koldnis] Froideur
Hot [hot] Chaud (e) Hotness [hotnis] Chaleur
Warm [wom] Chaud (e) Warmth [womf] Chaleur
Sunny [sani] Ensoleillé (e) Sun [san] Soleil
Funny [fani] Amusant (e) Fun [fan] Amusement
Clean [klin] Propre Cleanness [klinis] Nettoyage
True [tru] Vrai (e) Truth [truf] Vérité
Capricious [ke’prishez] Capricieux Caprice [ke’pris] Caprice
Whimsical [‘wimzikol] Capricieux Whimsy [‘wimzi] Caprice
Capable [kei’pebol] Capable Capacity [kei’pesiti] Capacité
Able [eibol] Capable Ability [ebiliti] Habileté
Incapable [in’kei’pebol] Incapable Incapacity [In’kei’pesiti] Incapacité
Unable [anei’bol] Incapable Unabililty [anebiliti] Incapacité
Liar [laié] Menteur (se) Lie [lai] Mensonge
Sinner [siné] Pécheur Sin [sin] Péché
Thief [fif] Voleur Thefth [feff] Vol
Prayerful [preyeful] Sincere Prayerfulness [preyefulnis] Sincerité
Stubborn [stabon] Têtu (e) Stubbornness [stabonnis] Têtutesse
Poor [pué] Pauvre (sse) Poverty [poveti] Pauvreté
Useful [yuzful] Utile Usefulness [yuzfulnis] Utilité
Useless [yuzlis] Inutile Uselessness [yuzlisnis] Inutilité
Important [im’potent] Important (e) Importance [im’potens] Importance
Wrong [rong] Tord, mauvais Wrongness [rongnis] Inexactitude

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 23

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Adjective Phonetics Meanings Nouns Phonetics Meanings

Holy [holi] Saint (e) Holiness [holinis] Saintété
Holy spirit [holi spirit] Esprit-saint
On time [on taim] À temps Disfellowshipped [disfeloshipd] Excommunié
In time [in taim] Avant le temps Punctuality [panktuoliti] Ponctualité
Punctual [panktuol] Ponctuel (le) Lateness [leitnis] Retard
Late [leit] En retard Ugliness [aglinis] Laideur
Ugly [agli] Laid (e) villain Niceness [naisnis] Gentillesse
Nice [nais] Beau, gentil Illness [ilnis] Maladie
Ill [il] Malade Sickness [siknis] Maladie
Sick [sik] Malade Repentance [ripentens] Répentance
Repentant [ripentent] Répentant Unrepentance [an’ripentens] Non-répentance
Unrepentant [anripentent] Non-répentant
Very [veri] Très Cheerfulness [tshiefulnis] Bonne humeur
Cheerful [tshiéful] Joyeux Merriment [merriment] Joie
Merry [meri] Joyeux God [god] Dieu
So [sou] Tant, tellement Goddess [godis] Déesse
Too [tu] Trop, aussi Jesus [dzizes] Jésus
These days [diz deiz] Ces derniers Jehovah [dzi’houva] Jéhovah
Nowadays [nawadeiz] Temps Righteousness [rai ‘tshesnis] Justice
Righteous [rai’tshes] Juste justice [dzastis] Justice
Just [dzast] Juste

Nouns
Apostles [e’poslz] Apôtres God’s son [godz san] Fils de Dieu
Followers [folowéz] Disciples Angels [eindzolz] Anges
disciples [disaipolz] Disciples Satan the Devil [‘seitn de devl] Satan le Diable
Pharisees [‘ferisiz] Pharisiens Demons [‘di:menz] Démons
Jew [dzu] Juif Heaven [hevn] Ciel
Jewish [dzuish] Juif Sky [skai] Ciel
Jewess [dzuis] Juive Earth [ef] Terre
Hebrews [hibruz] Hébreux World [weld] Monde
Israelites [izrielaits] Israelites Worship [weship] Culte
Gentiles [dzentailz] Gentils Forgive [fogiv] Pardonner
Prophets [profits] Prophètes Forgiveness [fogivnnis] Pardon
Idols [aidolz] Idoles Today [tudei] Aujourd’hui
Image [imidz] Image Yesterday [yestedei] Hier
Some verbs Tomorrow [tumorou] Demain
To say [tu sei] Dire Week [wik] Semaine
To worship [tu weship] Adorer Month [manf] Mois
To broil [tu broil] Griller Day [dei] Jour
To no avail [tu nou eveil] en vain
Spruce [sprus] impeccable
Stanza [stenze] Strophe
Trouble spot [trabl spot] Point chaud

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 24

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON FOUR

SIMPLE PAST OF “TO BE”

AFFIRMATIVE FORM [efemetiv foom] FORME AFFIRMATIVE

Long form [long foom] Forme longue
I was [ai woz] J’étais
You were [yu wee] Tu étais
He was [hi woz] Il était
she was [shi woz] Elle était
It was [it woz] C’était
we were [wi wee] Nous étions
You were [yu wee] Vous êtiez
They were [dei wee] Ils sont, elles étaient
Negative form [negetiv fom] Forme négative
Long form [long foom] Forme longue Short form [shoot foom] Forme contractée
I was not [ai woz not] Je n’étais pas I wasn’t [ai woznt] Je n’étais pas
You were not [yu wee not] Tu n’étais pas You aren’t [yu weent] Tu n’étais pas
He was not [hi woz not] Il n’était pas He isn’t [hi woznt] Il n’était pas
she was not [shi woz not] Elle n’était pas she isn’t [shi woznt] Elle n’était pas
It was not [itiz woz not] Ce n’était pas It isn’t [it woznt] Ce n’était pas
we were not [wi wee not] Nous n’étions pas we aren’t [wi weent] Nous n’étions pas
You were not [yu wee not] Vous n’étiez pas You aren’t [yu weent] Vous n’étiez pas
They were not [dei wee not] Ils (elles) n’étaient pas They aren’t [dei weent] Ils (elles) n’étaient pas

Interrogative form Positive answer Negative answer

Was I? [wozai] Etais-je ? Yes, you were No, you weren’t
Were you? [weeyu] Etais-tu ? Yes, I was No, I wasn’t
Was he? [woz hi] Etait-il ? Yes, he was No, he wasn’t
Was she? [woz shi] Etait-elle ? Yes, she was No, she wasn’t
Was it? [wozit] Etait-ce ? Yes, it was No, it wasn’t
Were we? [weewi] Etions-nous ? Yes, you were No, you weren’t
Were you? [weeyu] Etiez-vous ? Yes, we were No, we weren’t
Werre they? [weedei] Etaient-ils (elles) ? Yes, they were No, they weren’t

EXERCISE ON SIMPLE PAST OF TO BE

1. Yesterday, I was at market [yestedei ai woz et makit] Hier, j’étais au marché.
2. Where were you the day before yesterday? [wee wee yu de dei bifo yestedei]
Où étais-tu avant-hier ?
3. When and where were you born? [wen end wee wee yu bon] Quand et où es-tu né ?
–I was born in Bunia in 1978 [ai woz bon in bunia in naintin sev’nti eit] Je suis né à Bunia en 1978
4. How was the weather of the last week? [hau woz de wedé ove last wik] Comment était le temps de la semaine dernière ?
–It was nice [it woz nais] Elle était bonne.
–It was a bit okay [it woz e bitokei] Elle était un peu bien.
5. Why was Jane absent this morning? [wai woz dzein ebsent dis moning] Pourquoi Jeanne était-elle absente ce matin?
–Because she was not quite herself [bikoz shi woz not kwait heself] Parce qu’elle n’était pas dans son assiette.
6. Outstanding qualities of Jehovah are love, wisdom, power and justice

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 25

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON FIVE

SIMPLE FUTURE OF TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Long form Short form
I shall be [ai shal bi] Je serai I’ll be [al bi]
You will be [yu wil bi] Tu seras You’ll be [yul bi]
He will be [hi wil bi] Il sera He’ll be [hil bi]
She will be [shi wil bi] Elle sera She’ll be [shil bi]
It will be [it wil bi] Ce sera It’ll be [itl bi]
We shall be [wi shal bi] Nous serons We’ll be [wil bi]
You will be [yu wil bi] Vous serez You’ll be [yul bi]
They will be [dei wil bi] Ils (elles) seront They’ll be [deil bi]

NEGATIVE FORM
Long form Short form
I shall not be = Je ne serai pas I shan’t be [ai shant bi]
You will not be = Tu ne seras pas You won’t be [yu wont bi]
He will not be = Il ne sera pas He won’t be [hi wont bi]
She will not be = Elle ne sera pas She won’t be [shi wont bi]
It will not be = Ce ne sera pas It won’t be [it wont bi]
We shall not be = Nous ne serons pas We shan’t be [wi shant bi]
You will not be = Vous ne serez pas You won’t be [yu wont bi]
They will not be = Ils (ells) ne seront pas They won’t be [dei wont bi]

INTERROGATIVE FORM Affirmative answer Negative answer

Shall I be? [shalai bi] Serai-je? Yes, you will No, you won’t
Will you be? [wiliyu bi] Seras-tu? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t
Will he be? [wil hi bi] Sera-t-il? Yes, he will No, he won’t
Will she be? [wil shi bi] Sera-t-elle? Yes, she will No, she won’t
Will it be? [wilit bi] Est-ce que ce sera? Yes, it will No, it won’t
Shall we be? [shal wi bi] Serons-nous? Yes, you will No, you won’t
Will you be? [wiliyu bi] Serez-vous? Yes, we shall No, we shan’t
Will they be? [wil dei bi] Seront-ils (elles)? Yes, they will No, they won’t

Exercise
• Tomorrow, I shall be at school in evening [tumorou ai shal bi et skul in ivining]
Demain, je serai à l'école, en soirée.
• You and I shall be at Kingdom Hall on Wednesday. [yu end ai shal bi et kingdom hol on wenzdei]
Toi et moi serons à la salle du Royaume, mercredi.
• He and you will be glad of us next time. [hi end yu wil bi gled ovaz next taim]
Lui et toi serez contents de nous la prochaine fois.
• Will they be at meeting this Saturday [wil dei bi et miting dis satedei] Seront-ils aux réunion ce samedi?
Yes, they will or no they won’t.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 26

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON SIX
USE OF THE DEMONSTRACTIVE ADJECTIVES: This, That, These and Those

1. This [dis] Ce, cet, cette, Ceci

We use « this » when we want to show or ask about one thing which is near or which we may touch.
[wi yuz dis wen wi wont tu shou oo ask ebaut wan fing witshiz nié oo witsh wi mei tatsh]
Nous utilisons « ceci » lorsqu'on veut montrer ou demander une chose qui se trouve à proximité ou dont nous
pouvons toucher.
New words:
To use [tu yuz] Utiliser, employer About [ebaut] Au sujet de, à propos de
To show [tu shou] Montrer Thing [fing] Chose
To ask [tu ask] Demander Which [witsh] Lequel, laquelle.
May [mei] Pouvoir, le mois de mai. Near [nié] Proche
To touch [tu tatsh] Toucher. Far [faa] Loin, éloigné.
Or [oo] Ou bien.

WHAT IS THIS? [wotiz dis] [woriz dis] QU’EST-CE QUE C’EST?

This is a … or an … [disiz e oo disiz en] C’est un (e) …
This is a table [disiz e teibl] C’est une table.
2. THAT [dat] [det] Ce, Cet, Cette, Cela.
We use « that » when we want to show or ask about one thing which is far or which we may not touch.
[wi yuz det wen wi wont tu shou oo ask ebaut wan fing witshiz faa oo witsh wi mei not tatsh]
Nous utilisons « cela » quand on veut montrer ou demander une chose qui est loin ou dont nous ne pouvons
pas toucher.

WHAT IS THAT? [wotiz det] [woriz det] QU’EST-CE QUE C’EST?

That is a … or an … [detiz e . . . oo detiz em . . .] C’est un (e) …
That is a man [detiz e men] C’est un homme.

Library [laibreri] Bibliothèque

A book [e buk] Un livre A ream of paper [e rimov peipé] Une rame de papier
A newspaper [e niyuzpeipé] Un journal A Bible [e baibl] Une Bible
A packing [e peking] Un emballage A magazine [e megezin] Une revue, une magasine
A spurt [e spet] Un emballage A parcel [e pasl] Un colis
A wrapping [e reping] Un emballage A brochure [e brotshué] Une brochure
A courier [‘kurié] Un courrier A booklet [e buklit] Un livret.
A mail [e meil] Un courrier A school satchel [e skul setshel] Un cartable
A post [e post] Un courrier A gum [e gam] Une gomme
A letter [e leté] [e leré] Un courrier, une lettre A rubber [e rabé] Une gomme

Musical instruments [miyuzikol ins’truments] Instruments musicaux

A cymbol [e simbol] Une cymbale A scale [e skeil] Une game
A piccolo [e pikelou] Une petite flûte A gamut [e gemat] Une game
A guitar [e gi’ta] Une guitare A drum [e dram] Un tambour
A flute [e flut] Une flûte A piano [e pianou] Un piano
A synthesizer [e sinfesaizé] Un synthétiseur A violin [vaielin] Un violon

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 27

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Houses [hauziz] Maisons

A board [e boud] Une planche A padlock [pedlok] Un cadéna
A calabash [kelebesh] Une gourde A gourd [ged] Une gourde
A ceiling [siling] Un plafond A rake [e reik] Un rateau
A comb [kom] Une peigne A roof [ruf] Une toiture
A curtain [e ket’n] Un rideau A saloon [selun] Un salon
A depot [dipot] Un dépôt A store [stoo] Un dépôt
A door [e doo] Une porte A sheet metal [e shit mitol] Une tôle
A floor [floo] Un étage, pavement A tile [tail] Un carreau
A framework [freimwek] Une charpente A tiling [tailing] Un carrelage
A gateway [e geit wei] Un portail A toilet [e toilit] Une toilette
A key [e ki] Une clé A water closet [woté klozit] W.C.
A lamp [lemp] Une lampe A timber [e timbé] Un madrier
A lintel [e lin’til] Un linteau A wall [e wol] Un mur
A lock [lok] Une serrure A window [e windou] Une fenêtre
A palace [e peles] Un château, palais A veranda [verende] Un véranda

Kitchen [kitshin] Cuisine

An ax [eks] Une hache A carpet [kapit] Un tapis
An axe [eks] Une hache A cloth [klof] Un tapis
A basin [beisin] Un bassin A fire [faié] Un feu
A bottle [e botl] [e barol] Une bouteille A kettle [ketol] Un bouillard
A black board [e blek bo:d] Un tableau A machete [metsheiti] Une machette
A broom [brum] Un balai A pot [pot] Un pot
A brasier [brezié] Un braséro A saucepan [souspen] Une casserole
A can [ken] Un bidon A tin [tin] Un bidon
A hut [hat] Une hutte, case A strainer [streiné] Un tami
A griddle [e gridol] Une poêle A sword [sood] Une épée

A bath room [e baf rum] Salle de bain

A bath mat [baf met] Un tapis de bain A cellar [sela] Une cave
A bath towel [baf tawel] Un essuie-bain A looking glass [luking glas] Un miroir
A brush [brash] Une brosse A mirror [mire] Un miroir
A hand towel [hend tawel] Un essuie-main A pail [peil] Un seau
A blade [bleid] Une lame, razoir A razor [reizé] Une lame, razoir
A scissor [size] Un ciseau A sink [sink] Un évier
A shower bath [e shawé baf] Une douche A soap [soup] Un savon
A Toilet paper [toilit peipé] Un papier hygiènique A toothbrush [tuf brush] Une brosse à dent
A toothpaste [tuf peist] Un dentifrice A washbasin [woshbeis’n] Un lavabo
A dustpan [e dastpen] Une ramacette A vacuum cleaner [e vakim kline] Un aspirateur

Device [divais] appareil

Adapter [adepté] Adaptateur Camping stove [kemping stouv] Réchaud
Air-conditioner [eekondishené] Climatiseur Fridge [fridz] Un réfrigérateur ou frigo
Cable [keibl] Cable Hair clipper [hee klipé] Tondeuse à cheveu
Computer [kempyuté] Ordinateur Fireproof [faiepruf] Un anti incendie
Electric mower [ilektrik mowé] Tondeuse électrique Generator [dzenereité] Un générateur
Electrical outlet [ilektrik autlit] Prise électrique Keyboard [kiboud] Un clavier

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 28

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Extinguisher [iks’tingwishé] Un extincteur Lawn mower [loun mowé] Tondeuse à gazon

Mouse [mauz] Souris Interphone [intefoun] Interphone
Oven [avn] four Remote control [rimot kontrol] Télécommande
Plug [plag] Prise courant Socket [sokit] Un socket
Sound alarm [saund elam] une alarme sonore Tablet [teblit] Tablette
Telephone [telifoun] Téléphone Water heater [woté hité] Chauffe eau
Television [televishen] Télévision Wile [wail] Fil
Usb cable [yuesbi keibl] Cable usb Without wile [Widaut wail] Wifi ou sans fil

A dining room [e daining rum] Salle à manger

A chair [tshee] Une chaise A table [teibl] Une table
A toothpick [tufpik] Un cure dent

A bed room [e bed rum] Chambre à coucher

A bed [bed] Un lit A cushion [e kushen] Un coussin
A bed panel [e bed peinl] Un panneau de lit A hanger [e hangé] Un cintre
A bed sheet [e bed shit] Un drap de lit A mattress [e metres] Un matélas
A bedspread [e bed spred] un couvre-lit A mattress cover [metres kavé] Un protège matélas
A Blanket [e blenkit] Une couverture A net [e net] Une moustiquaire
A cloakroom [kloukrum] Un vestiaire A pillow [e pilou] Un oreiller

Sitting room [siting rum] Salon

An armchair [amtshee] Un fauteuil A sofa [soufe] Un divan
A candle [kendol] Une bougie A stool [stul] Un escarbeau
A chair [tshee] Une chaise A wheelchair [wiltshee] Un chaise roulant
A divan [diven] Un divan

A cupboard [‘kabed] Armoire

A bowl [boul] Un bol A glass [glas] Un verre
A cup [kap] Une coupe A knife [naïf] Un couteau
A flask [flask] Un thermos A plate [pleit] Une assiette
A fork [fook] Une fourchette A spoon [spun] Un (e) cuiller (e)
A jug [dzag] Une cruche

Ward robe [wed roub] une garde robe.

A balcony [balkoni] Balcon A mortar [mo:té] Mortier
A barrel [berel] Tonneau A cast [kast] Tonneau
A tun [tan] Tonneau A tallow candle [teilou kendol] Chandelle
A bin [bin] Poubelle A trash [tresh] Poubelle
A buffet [bafit] Buffet A sideboard [saidboud] Buffet
Hut [hat] Hutte Straw [strou] Paille
A cradle [kredl] Berceau A pestle [pesl] Pilon
A crib [e krib] Berceau A straw hut [strou hat] Paillote

Liquid [likwid] Liquid

Fluel [fluel] Essence Jet fuel [dzet fuel] Kerosene
Gas [gaz] Essence Kerosene [kerozin] Kerosene
Petrol [pitrol] Essence Mercury [mekyuri] Mercure
Fuel oil [fuel oil] Mazout Oil [oil] Huile, pétrol

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 29

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Crude oil [krud oil] Mazout Petroleum [pitrolum] Pétrole

Heating oil [hiting oil] Mazout Tar [ta:] Goudron
Water [woté] Eau

Tools [tulz] Outils

Catapult [‘ketepalt] Lance pierrre Scissor [sizé] Ciseau
Funnel [fanel] Entonnoir Screw-driver [skrudraivé] Tournevis
Hammer [hemé] Marteau Sieve [siv] Passoire
Machete [metsheiti] Machette Screw [skru] Vis
Nut [nat] Ecrou Spade [speid] Bêche
Pincers [pinsez] Pinces Tank [tenk] Tank
Pliers [plaiéz] Pinces Trunk [trank] Malle
Sachet [setsheiti] Sachet Spanner [spené] Clef
Saw [sou] scie Wrench [rentsh] Clef

Bureau [byurou] Bureau

A box of chalk [e boks ov tshok] Boite de craies A Printer [printé] Imprimente
A copybook [e kopi buk] Un cahier A note book [nout buk] Un cahier, carnet
An exercise book [enegzesaiz buk] Un cahier A ream of paper [rim ov peipé] Rame à papier
A chalk [tshok] Craie A ribbon [e ribon] Ruban
A file [fail] Classeur, fichier A seal [sil] Cachet, sceau
An ink [enink] Une encre. A stamp [stemp] Tampon
A paper [peipé] Papier A staple [steipol] Agrafe
A pen [e pen] Un stylo A stapler [steiplé] Agrafeuse
A pencil [e ‘pensil] Un crayon A typewriter [e taip’raité] Machine à écriture
A Photocopier [fotokopié] Photocopieuse Folder [fouldé] Dossier

Garments [gaments] Habits ou vêtements

Clothes [kloviz] Habits ou vêtements
Aisle [ail] Couloir Hallway [holwei] Couloir
Bag [beg] Sacoche Satchel [setshel] Sacoche
Bathing-shorts [bafing shots] Caleçon de bain Wallet [wolit] Sacoche, portefeuille
Belt [belt] Ceinture Dress [dres] Robe
Blouse [blauz] Blouse Espadrille [ispedriye] Espadrille
Braces [breisiz] Bretelle Rope soled sandal [roup sould sendol] Espadrille
Briefs [brifs] Slip Scarf [skaf] Foulard
Changing room [tsheinging rum] Vestiaire Neckerchief [neketshif] Foulard
Coat [kout] Manteaux Coat hanger [kout hengé] Portemanteau
Coat rack [kout rek] Portemanteau Portmanteau [potmantou] Portemanteau
Cloakroom [kloukrum] Vestiaire Trousers [trauzez] Pantalon (brit).
Culottes [kyulot] Jupe-culotte Pants [pents] Pantalon (usa).
Divided-skirt [divaidid sket] Jupe-culotte Under wear [ande wee] Sous-vêtement
Drawers [drowéz] Caleçon Vest [vest] (us) gilet, tricot de corps
Pants [pents] Caleçon Waistcoat [weistkout] Gilet
Trunks [tranks] Caleçon Singlet [singlet] Singlet
Handkerchief [hendketshif] Mouchoir Skirt [sket] Jupe
Linen [linin] Linge Slipper [slipé] Babouche
Gown [gaun] Robe (magistrat) Suit [sut] Costume
Robe [roub] Robe (magistrat) Suit-case [sut keis] Valise

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 30

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Purse [pes] Porte-monnaie, bourse Swimsuit [swimsut] Maillot de bain

Shirt [shet] Chemise T-shirt [ti shet] Polo
Shoe [shu] Soulier Tie [tai] Cravate
Shorts [shots] Culotte

Vehicle [vihikol] Véhicule

Anchor [enké] Ancre Lorry [lori] Camion
Axle [exl] Axe Luggage rack [lagidz rek] Porte-bagage
Ball bearing [e bol biering] Roulement à bille Motorbike [motobaik] Moto
Bell [bel] Sonnette Motorcycle [motosaikol] Moto
Bike [baik] Vélo Motor boat [moto bout] Vedette
Bicycle [baisikol] Vélo Mudguard [madgad] Garde-boue
Boat [bout] Bateau Pedal [pidol] Pédale
Blow-out [blou aut] Crevaison Pump [pamp] Pompe
Carrier [kerié] Porte-bagage Puncture [panktshé] Crevaison
Chassis [tshesi] Chassis Rim [rim] Jante
Chain [e tshein] Chaîne Ringing [ringing] Sonnerie
Tyre [taié] Pneu Saddle [sedl] Selle
Corner [koné] Virage Safety-belt [seifti belt] Ceinture de sécurité
Innertube [inetyub] Chambre à air Sail [seil] Voile
Cradle [kredol] Berceau Seat belt [sit belt] Ceinture de sécurité
Car [kaa] Voiture Ship [ship] Navire
Carriage [karidz] Voiture Spoke [spouk] Rayon
Coach [koutsh] Voiture Starter [staté] Demarreur
Change speed lever [tsheingspid levé] Levier de vitesses Steering-wheel [stiering wil] Volant de direction
Electric heater [ilektrik hité] Radiateur electrique The steering-wheel [de stiering wil] La roue du gouvernail
Engine [endzin] Moteur The tyres are slack [de taié aa slek] Pneus ne sont pas assez gonflés
Frame [freim] Cadre Toothpick [tufpik] Cure dents
Handlebars [hendlbaaz] Guidon To remove a tyre [tu rimuv e taié] Démonter un pneu.
Hand wheel [hend wil] Volant To ride [tu raid] Rouler à vélo, pédaler
Helm, rudder [helm] [rude] Gouvernail To tighten one’s belt [tu tait’n wanz belt] Se serrer la ceinture
Hub [hab] Moyeu Valve [vav] Soupape
Life-belt [laif belt] Ceinture de sauvetage Wheel [e wil] Roue

Other things [ade fingz] Autres choses

Airtime [eetaim] Unité (phone) Lighter [laité] Briquet
Brake [breik] Frein Mill [mil] Moulin
Charcoal [e tshakol] Charbon Nail [neil] Clou
Clock [klok] Horloge Notice, panel, sign [notis] [peinel] [sain] Panneau
Cloth [klof] Torchon Oven [av’n] Four
Duster [dasté] Torchon Shelf [shelf] Étagère
Dish towel [dish tawel] Torchon Slate [e steit] Ardoise
Culvert [e kalvet] Caniveau Sink [sink] Évier
Cushion, moss [kushen] [mos] Mousse Stove [steuv] Cuisinière, réchaud
Ember [embé] Braise Table [teibl] Table
Hole [houl] Trou Towel [tawel] Serviette
Hoe [e hou] Houe Umbrella [ambrelé] Parapluie
Hoop [hup] Cerceau Watch [wotsh] Montre
Lever [levé] Levier Watch Tower [Wots tawe] Tour de garde

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 31

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

NAMES OF THE FOODS [neimz ove fudz] LES NOMS DE LA NOURRITURE

Bread, loaf [bred] [louf] Pain Flat cake [flet keik] Galette
Broth, potage, soup [brof] [potidz] [sup] Potage Fish [fish] Poisson
Butter [baté] Beurre Garlic [galik] Ail
Cabbage [kebidz] Chou Greens [grinz] Légumes verts
Cake [keik] Gateau Leaven [liven] Levain
Cassava [kesavé] Manioc Marrow [merou] Courge
Cassava bread [kesavé bred] Foufou. Meat [mit] Viande
Cassava leaves [kesavé liviz] Feuilles de manioc Mushroom [mashrum] Champignon
Cauliflower [loliflawé] Chou fleur Onion [anien] Oignon
Cheese [tshiz] Fromage Pea [pi] Pois
Chilli [tshili] Piment Popcorn [papkon] maïs soufflé
Chips, french fries [tchips] [french fraiz] Frites Porrige [poridz] Bouillie, porridge
Coconut [kokonat] Noix de coco Salt fish [sot fish] Poisson salé
Coconut palm [kokonat pam] Cocotier Sandwich [sendwitsh] Sandwich
Compote, stew [kom’pot] [stu] Compote Semolina [semolaine] Semoule
Cornflake [kon fleik] Semoule de mais grillé Smoke fish [smouk fish] poisson fumé
Courgette [keget] Courgette Spinach [spinetsh] Epinard
Dough, Spaghetti, Paste [dou][peist] [spageti] Pâte Sweet potatoes [swit peteitouz] Patates douces
Doughnut, fritter [dounat] [frité] Beignet Tomato [tematou] Tomates
Leek [lik] Poireau Vegetable [vegetebl] Légume
Marmalade, Stewed fruit [mameled] [stuid frut] Marmalade Yeast [yist] Lévure
Meat coquette,meat ball [mi:t ’ke’ket] [mit bol] Boulette

Cereal, grain [seriel] [grein] Céréales

Beans [binz] Haricots Millet [milet] Millet
Coffee [kofi] Café Pepper [pepé] Poivre
Corn, wheat [koon] [wit] Blé Sesame [sizeim] Sesame
Flour [flawé] Farine Sorghum [sogam] Sorgho
Groundnut, peanut [graundnat] [pinat] Arachide Soya [soié] Soja
Lintel [lintel] Lentille Rice [rais] Riz
Maize [meiz] Maïs Tea [ti] Thé

Fruits [fruts] Fruits

Apple [epol] Pomme Palm [pam] Palme
Avocado [evekadou] Avocat Papaya, pawpaw [peipeié] [pepou] Papaye
Banana [bena:ne] Banane Pineapple [painepol] Ananás
Cucumber [kakambé] Concombre Potato [peteitou] Patate
Guava [gueivé] Goyave Spud [spad] Pomme de terre
Lemon [limon] Citron Sweet potato [swit peteitou] Patate douce
Mango [mengou] Mangue Tangerine [tendzerin] Mandarine
Orange [oreindz] Orange Watermelon [wotemelen] Pastèque

Sweetened [switnid] Sucré

Beer [bié] Bière Soda [souda] Soda
Coca cola [koka kola] Coca cola Sprite [sprait] Sprite
Fanta [fanta] Fanta Sweet [swit] Bonbon
Juice [dzus] Jus Whisky [wiski] whisky
Red wine [red wain] Vin rouge Wine [wain] Vin
Some aquatic animals [sam ekwotik enimolz] Quelques animaux aquatiques

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 32

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Crocodile [krokedail] Crocodile Salmon [salmen] Saumon

Dolphin [do:fin] Dauphin Shark [shak] Requin
Hippopotamus [‘hipe’potemes] Hippopotame Whale [weil] Baleine
Hippopotami [hipe’potemai] Hippopotames

Some wild animals [sam waild enimolz] Quelques animaux sauvages

Black vulture [blek valtshé] Vautour Lion [laien] Lion
Bear [bié] Ours Lioness [laienis] Lionne
Buffalo [bufalou] Buffle Monkey [manki] Singe
Cheetah [‘tshite] Guépard She-monkey [shi manki] Guenon
Cormorant [komerent] Cormoran Female monkey [fimeil manki] Guenon
Cub [kab] Lionceau, ourson Osprey [osprei] Balbuzard
Dragon [dregen] Dragon Ostrich [ostritsh] Autriche
Damask [demask] Damas Porcupine [pokepin] Porc-épic
Elephant [ilefent] Eléphant Rhino [rai’nou] Rhino
Elephant kid [ilefent kid] Eléphanteau Rhinoceros [rai’noseres] Rhinoceros
Fox [fox] Renard Snake, serpent [sneik] [sepent] Serpent
Gorilla [gorile] Gorille Stag [steg] Cerf
Giraffe [dzi’ra:f] Girafe Stork [stok] Cigogne
Baby giraffe [beibi dzi’ra:f] Girafeau Swan [swen] Cygne
Hare [hee] Lièvre Tiger [taigé] Tigre
Hyaena [haiené] Hyenne Tigress [taigres] Tigresse
Jackal [dzekol] Chacal Wolf [wolf] Loup
Kite [kait] Cerf-volant She-wolf [shiwolf] Louve
Leopard [‘leped] Léopard Wolf-cub [wolfkab] Louveteau
Squirrel [skwirel] Ecureuil

Questions [kweshens] Questions

What kind of food do you like? [wot kaind of fud du yu laik] Quelle sorte de nourriture préfères-tu ?
I like cassava bread and meat [ai laik kesave bred end mit] Je préfère du foufou et la viande
I like beans and rice [ai laik binz end rais] Je préfère du haricot et du riz

Domestic animals [domestik enimolz] Animaux domestiques

Beef [bi:f] Boeuf Male goat, billy goat [meil gout, bili gout] Bouc
Bull [bul] Taureau Kid [kid] Chevreau
Calf [kaf] Veau Roe deer, roe [rou dié] [rou] Chevrette
Cow [kau] Vache Horse [hos] Cheval
Cat [ket] Chat Mare [mee] Jument
Kitten, kitty [kiten, kiti] Chaton Donkey, Ass [danki] [as] Âne, baudet
Dog [dog] Chien Mouse [mauz] Souris
Bitch [bitch] Chienne Mice [mais] Des souris
Puppy [papi] Chiot Pig, pork [pig] [pok] Porc
Hog [hog] Cochon Ram [rem] Belier
Goat [gout] Chèvre Lamb [lem] Agneau, agnelle
Rabbit [rebit] Lapin Sheep [ship] Brebis

Birds [beds] Oiseaux

Chicken [tshiken] Poule Hoopoe [hupou] huppe
Hen [hen] Poule Owl [aul] Hibou
Chick [tshik] Poussin Pelican [peliken] Pelican

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 33

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Cock, rooster [kok] [rusté] Coq Pigeon [pidzɔn] Pigeon

Dove [dav] Colombe Raven [reiv’n] Corbeau
Drake [dreik] Canard Sparrow [sperou] Moineau
Duck [dak] Cane Sparrowhawk [sperouhok] Épervier
Duckling [dakling] Caneton, canette Swallow [swɔlɔu] Hirondelle
Eagle [igol] Aigle Turkey [teki] Dinde
Eaglet [iglit] Aiglot Turkey cock [teki kok] Dindon
Gull [gal] Mouette Turtledove [tetldav] Tourterelle

Insect [in’sekt] Insect

Ant [ant] Fourmi Ameba, amoeba [emiba] Amibe
Ant-hill [ant hil] Termitière Locust [lokast] Sauterelle
Bee [bi] Abeille Louse [lauz] Pou,
Butterfly [bateflai] Papillon Lice [lais] Des poux
Caterpillar [katepilé] Chenille Mosquito [muskitou] Moustique
Centipede [sentiped] Mille-pattes Spider [spaidé] Araigne
Millipede [miliped] Mille-pattes Termite [temit] Termite
Chameleon [kamilion] Caméléon Tsetse fly [tsetse flai] Mouche tsétsé
Cricket [krikit] Criquet Thumbtack [famtak] Punaise
Cockroach [kokroutsh] Cafard Wasp [wosp] Guêpe
Fly [flai] Mouche Worm [wem] Ver de terre
Grass-hopper [gras hope] Sauterelle Ringworm [ringwem] Teigne
3. THESE [diz] Ces-ci, celles-ci
We use « these » when we want to show or ask about many things which are near or which we may touch.
[wi yuz diz wen wi wont tu shou oo ask ebaut meni fingz witsh aa nié oo witsh wi mei tatsh]
Nous utilisons these quand nous voulons montrer ou demander au sujet de beaucoup de choses lesquelles sont proches,
lesquelles nous pouvons toucher.
WHAT ARE THESE? [wot aa diz] [woraa diz] QU’EST-CE QUE C’EST?
These are … [disiz e oo dizaa…] Ce sont des …
These are tables [diza teiblz] Ce sont des tables.
These are mango trees [dizaa mengo triz] Ce sont des manguiers.

4. THOSE [doz] Ces-là, Celles-là.

We use « those » when we want to show or ask about many things which are far or which we may not touch.
[wi yuz doz wen wi wont tu shou oo ask ebaut meni fingz witsh aa faa oo witsh wi mei not tatsh]
Nous utilisons those quand nous voulons montrer ou demander au sujet de beaucoup de choses lesquelles sont loin,
lesquelles nous ne pouvons pas toucher.
WHAT ARE THOSE? [wot aa doz] [woraa doz] QU’EST-CE QUE
C’EST?
Those are … [dozaa] Ce sont des …
Those are men [dzaa men] Ce sont des hommes.
Those are flags [dozaa flegs] Ce sont des drapeaux.
Those are women [dozaa wimin] Ce sont des femmes.

Conclusion [kon’kluzen] Conclusion

These is the plural of this [diz iz de plurol ov dis] These est le pluriel de this.
Those is the plural of that [doz iz de pluriel ov det] Those est le pluriel de that.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 34

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON SEVEN

SIMPLE PRESENT OF TO HAVE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Long Form Short Form
I have [ai hev] J’ai I’ve [aiv] J’ai
You have [yu hev] Tu as You’ve [yuv] Tu as
He has [hi hez] Il a He’s [hiz] Il a
She has [shi hez] Elle a She’s [shiz] Elle a
It has [it hez] Il a ou elle a It’s [its] Il a ou elle a
We have [wi hev] Nous avons We’ve [wiv] Nous avons
You have [yu hev] Vous avez You’ve [yuv] Vous avez
They have [dei hev] Ils ont, elles ont They’ve [deiv] Ils ont, elles ont

INTERROGATIVE FORM Positive answer Negative answer

Do I have? [du ai hev] Ai-je? Yes, you do. No, you don’t
Do you have? [du yu hev] As-tu? Yes, I do No, I don’t
Does he have? [daz hi hev] A-t-il? Yes, he does. No. he doesn’t
Does she have? [daz shi hev] A-t-elle? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t
Does it have? [daz it hev] A-t-il? A-t-elle? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t
Do we have? [du wi hev] Avons-nous? Yes, you do. No, you don’t
Do you have? [du yu hev] Avez-vous? Yes, we do. No, we don’t
Do they have? [du dei hev] Ont-ils?, Ont-elles? Yes, they do. No, they don’t

NEGATIVE FORM
Long Form Short Form
I do not have [ai du not hev] Je n’ai pas I don’t have [ai dont hev] Je n’ai pas
You do not have [yu du not hev] Tu n’as pas You don’t have [yu dont hev] Tu n’as pas
He does not have [hi daz not hev] Il n’a pas He doesn’t have [hi daznt hev] Il n’a pas
She does not have [shi daz not hev] Elle n’a pas She doesn’t have [shi daznt hev] Elle n’a pas
It does not have [it daz not hev] Il (elle) n’a pas It doesn’t have [it daznt hev] Il (elle) n’a pas
We do not have [wi du not hev] Nous n’avons pas We don’t have [wi don’t hev] Nous n’avons pas
You do not have [yu du not hev] Vous n’avez pas You don’t have [yu dont hev] Vous n’avez pas
They do not have [dei du not hev] Ils n’ont pas They don’t have [dei dont hev] Ils n’ont pas
Text:
I have a calculator at home, what about you Tom? What do you have?
–I don’t have a calculator sir, but I have a computer and a typewriter.
You have a dictionary abode, what about me? What do I have?
–You don’t have a dictionary sir, but you have staplers, rulers and a clock.
John has a table and a chair, what about James? What does he have?
–He doesn’t have a chair and a table sir, but he has an armchair and a beautiful sofa.
These women have husbands and kids, what about those over there? What do they have?
–They don’t have husbands and kids sir, but they have boyfriends and dogs.
My room has neontubes and bulbs, what about yours? What does it have?
–My room doesn’t have neontubes and bulbs sir, but it has torches and a floodlight.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 35

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Vocabularies [vokebiyuleriz] vocabulaires

A calculator [e kelkiyuleté] calculatrice. Thus [daz] ainsi

Rulers [rulez] règles, lattes. A Wife [waif] épouse.
What do you have? [wot du yu hev] Qu’est-ce que tu as? Bulbs [balbz] ampoules.
A computer [e kem’pyuté] ordinateur. Wives [waiviz] des épouses.
Staplers [steiplez] agrafeuses. Flood [flad] déluge.
A typewriter [e taipraité] machine à écrire. Women [wimin] des femmes.
Staples [steiplz] agrafes. Kids [kidz] des enfants.
Beautiful flower [biyutiful flawé] belle fleur. Boyfriends [boifrendz] amis.
Armchair [amtshee] fauteuil. Friend [frend] ami.
Floodlight [fladlait] projecteur. Slate [sleit] ardoise.
A beautiful sofa [e byutiful soufa] beau divan. Although [oldou] bien que.
Husbands [hazbendz] maris However [hawevé] Cependant.
A woman [e wumen] une femme. But [bat] mais.
Neontubes [nientiyubz] néon à tubes. Plug [plag] prise.
Reason why [rizn wai] c’est pourquoi. So [sou] donc.
What about those over there? [wot ebaut dozové dee] alors celles-là? For [foo] car, pour.
Therefore [deefoo] donc. Chair [tshee] chaise.
Abode [eboud] à la maison Girlfriends [gelfrendz] amies.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 36

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON EIGHT

SIMPLE FUTURE OF TO « HAVE »

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Long Form Short Form

I shall have [ai shal hev] J’aurai I’ll have [ail hev] J’aurai
You will have [yu wil hev] Tu auras You’ll have [yul hev] Tu auras
He will have [hi wil hev] Il aura He’ll have [hil hev] Il aura
She will have [shi wil hev] Elle aura She’ll have [shil hev] Elle aura
It will have [it wil hev] It’ll have [itl hev]
We shall have [wi shal hev] Nous aurons We’ll have [wil hev] Nous aurons
You will have [yu wil hev] Vous aurez You’ll have [yul hev] Vous aurez
They will have [dei wil hev] Ils auront, elles auront They’ll have [deil hev] Ils auront, elles auront

INTERROGATIVE FORM Positive answer Negative answer

Shall I have? [shalai hev] Aurai-je? Yes, you will. No, you won’t
Will you have? [wliyu hev] Auras-tu? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t
Will he have? [wil hi hev] Aura-t-il? Yes, he will. No. he won’t
Will she have? [wil shi hev] Aura-t-elle? Yes, she will. No, she won’t
Will it have? [wilit hev] Aura-t-il? Aura-t-elle? Yes, it will. No, it won’t
Shall we have? [shal wi hev] Aurons-nous? Yes, you will. No, you won’t
Will you have? [wiliyu hev] Aurez-vous? Yes, we shall. No, we shan’t
Will they have? [wil dei hev] Auront-ils?, Auront-elles? Yes, they will. No, they won’t

NEGATIVE FORM

Long form Short form

I shall not have [ai shal not hev] Je n’aurai pas I shan’t have [ai shant hev] Je n’aurai pas
You will not have [yu wil not hev] Tu n’auras pas You won’t have [yu wont hev] Tu n’auras pas
He will not have [hi wil not hev] Il n’aura pas He won’t have [hi wont hev] Il n’aura pas
She will not have [shi wil not hev] Elle n’aura pas She won’t have [shi wont hev] Elle n’aura pas
It will not have [it wil not hev] Il (elle) n’aura pas It won’t have [it wont hev] Il (elle) n’aura pas
We shall not have [wi shal not hev] Nous n’aurons pas We shan’t have [wi shan’t hev] Nous n’aurons pas
You will not have [yu wil not hev] Vous n’aurez pas You won’t have [yu wont hev] Vous n’aurez pas
They will not have [dei wil not hev] Ils n’auront pas They won’t have [dei wont hev] Ils n’auront pas

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 37

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON NINE

SIMPLE PAST OF TO HAVE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Long form Short form
I had [ai hed] J’ai eu, j’avais I’d [aid] J’ai eu
You had [yu hed] Tu as eu, tu avais You’d [yud] Tu as eu
He had [hi hed] Il a eu, il avait He’d [hid] Il a eu
She had [shi hed] Elle a eu, elle avait She’d [shid] Elle a eu
It had [it hed] Il ou elle a eu, il ou elle avait It’d [itd] Il ou elle a eu
We had [wi hed] Nous avons eu, nous avions We’d [wid] Nous avons eu
You had [yu hed] Vous avez eu, vous aviez You’d [yud] Vous avez eu
They had [dei hed] Ils ont, elles ont eu, ils ou elles avaient They’d [deid] Ils ont eu, elles ont eu

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Positive answer Negative answer
Did I have? [didai hev] Ai-je eu? Avais-je ? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t
Did you have? [didyu hev] As-tu eu? Avais-tu ? Yes, I did No, I didn’t
Did he have? [did hi hev] A-t-il eu? Avait-il ? Yes, he did. No. he didn’t
Did she have? [did shi hev] A-t-elle eu ? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t
Did it have? [didit hev] A-t-il? At-elle eu ? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t
Did we have? [did wi hev] Avons-nous eu ? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t
Did you have? [didyu hev] Avez-vous eu? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t
Did they have? [did dei hev] Ont-ils eu ?, Avaient-elles ? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t

NEGATIVE FORM
Long form Short form
I did not have [ai did not hev] Je n’ai pas eu I didn’t have [ai didnt hev] Je n’ai pas eu
You did not have [yu did not hev] Tu n’as pas eu You didn’t have [yu didnt hev] Tu n’as pas eu
He did not have [hi did not hev] Il n’a pas eu He didn’t have [hi didnt hev] Il n’a pas eu
She did not have [shi did not hev] Elle n’a pas eu She didn’t have [shi didnt hev] Elle n’a pas eu
It did not have [it did not hev] Il (elle) n’a pas eu It didn’t have [it didnt hev] Il (elle) n’a pas eu
We did not have [wi did not hev] Nous n’avons pas eu We didn’t have [wi didnt hev] Nous n’avons pas eu
You did not have [yu did not hev] Vous n’avez pas eu You didn’t have [yu didnt hev] Vous n’avez pas eu
They did not have [dei did not hev] Ils n’ont pas eu They didn’t have [dei didnt hev] Ils n’ont pas eu

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 38

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON TEN

CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS

1. CARDINAL NUMBERS [kadinol nambez] NOMBRES CARDINAUX

They are numbers used to denote quantity, give the exact number and answer the questions such as: how
many, how much, how old ect… [dei aa nambez yuzd tu dinot kwontiti, giv di igzakt nambé end ansé
tu de kweshenz satsh ez: hau meni, hau matsh, hau old end so on]
Ils sont des nombres utilisés pour montrer la quantité, donnent et répondent aux questions telles que:
combien de, quel âge ect…

One [wan] 1 Twenty-seven [twenti sev’n] 27

Two [tu] 2 Twenty-eight [twenti eit] 28
Three [fri] 3 Twenty-nine [twenti nain ] 29
Four [foo] 4 Thirty [feti] [tati] 30
Five [faiv] 5 Forty [foti] [fori] 40
Six [siks] 6 Fifty [fifti] 50
Seven [sev’n] 7 Sixty [siksti] 60
Eight [eit] 8 Seventy [sev’nti] 70
Nine [nain] 9 Eighty [eiti] 80
Ten [ten] 10 Ninety [nainti] 90
Eleven [ilev’n] 11 One hundred [wan handred] 100
Twelve [twelv] 12 One hundred and one [wan handred end wan] 101
Thirteen [fetin] 13 One hundred and ten [wan handred end ten] 110
Fourteen [fotin] 14 One hundred and twenty [wan handred end twenti] 120
Fifteen [fiftin] 15 One hundred and fifty [wan handred end fifti] 150
Sixteen [sikstin] 16 One hundred and ninety-nine = 199
Seventeen [sev’ntin] 17 Two hundred [tu handred] 200
Eighteen [eitin] 18 Three hundred [fri handred] 300
Nineteen [naintin] 19 Four hundred [fo handred] 400
Twenty [twenti] 20 Five hundred [faiv handred] 500
Twenty-one [ twenti wan] 21 Six hundred [siks handred] 600
Twenty-two [twenti tu] 22 Seven hundred [sev’n handred] 700
Twenty-three [twenti fri] 23 Eight hundred [eit handred] 800
Twenty-four [twenti fo] 24 Nine hundred [nain handred] 900
Twenty-five [twenti faiv] 25 One thousand [wan fauzend] 1 000
Twenty-six [twenti siks] 26 One thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine = 1999 dollars
Nineteen ninety-nine [naintin nainti nain] 1999 date.
One hundred thousand = 100 000 Two thousand [tu fauzend] 2 000
One million [wan milien] 1 000 000 One billion [wan bilien] 1 000 000 000
Two million [tu milien] 2 000 000 Two billion [tu bilien] 2 000 000 000
I’ve got nought [aiv got not] j’ai eu zero

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 39

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

2. ORDINAL NUMBERS [odinol nambez] NOMBRES ORDINAUX

They give the order [dei giv di odé] Ils donnent de l’ordre

First [fest] 1st. Thirtieth [fetif] [ferif] 30th.

Second [sekend] 2nd. Fortieth [fotif] [forif] 40th.
Third [fed] 3rd. Fiftieth [fiftif] 50th.
Fourth [foof] 4th. Sixtieth [sikstif] 60th.
Fifth [fif] 5th. Seventieth [sev’ntif] 70th.
Sixth [siksf] 6th. Eightieht [eitif] 80th.
Seventh [sev’nf] 7th. Ninetieth [naintif] 90th.
Eighth [eif] 8th. One hundredth [wan handredf] 100th.
Ninth [nainf] 9th. One hundred and first [wan handred end fest] 101st.
Tenth [tenf] 10th. One hundred and tenth [wan handred end tenf] 110th.
Eleventh [ilev’nf] 11th. One hundred and twentieth [wan handred end twentif] 120th.
Twelfth [twelf] 12th. One hundred and fiftieth [wan handred end fiftif] 150th.
Thirteenth [fetinf] 13th. One hundred and ninety ninth [wan handred end nainti nainf]
Fourteenth [fotinf] 14th. 199th.
Two hundredth [tu handredf] 200th.
Fifteenth [fiftinf] 15th.
Three hundredth [fri handredf] 300th.
Sixteenth [sikstinf] 16th. Four hundredth [fo handredf] 400th.
Seventeenth [sev’ntinf] 17th. Five hundredth [faiv handredf] 500th.
Eighteenth [eitinf] 18th. Six hundredth [siks handredf] 600th.
Nineteenth [naintinf] 19th Seven hundredth [sev’n handredf] 700th.
Twentieth [twentif] 20th. Eight hundredth [eit handredf] 800th.
Twenty-first [twenti fest] 21st. Nine hundredth [nain handredf] 900th.
Twenty-second [twenti sekend] 22nd. One thousandth [wan fauzendredf] 1000th.
Twenty-third [twenti fed] 23rd. One thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine=1999
Nineteen ninety-nine [naintin nainti nain] 1999 date.
Twenty-fourth [twenti fof] 24th.
Two thousandth [tu fauzendf] 2, 000
Twenty-fifth [twenti fif] 25th.
One hundred thousandth [wan handred fauzendf] 100 000
Twenty-sixth [twenti siksf] 26th. One millionth [wan milienf] 1 000 000th.
Twenty-seventh [twenti sev’nf] Two millionth [tu milienf] 2 000 000th.
27th. One billionth [wan bilienf] 1 000 000 000th.
Twenty-eighth [twenti eif] 28th. Two billionth [tu bilienf] 2 000 000 000th.
Twenty-ninth [twenti nainf] 29th.
We are living in the 21st century [wi aa living in de twent fest sen’tueri] Nous vivons le 21ème siècle
I’m at the top of our class [am et de top ova klas] Je suis le premier de la classe
I’m at the bottom of our class [am et de botem ova klas] Je suis le dernier de la classe

Note: 2 miles=3.2 Km 2x8:5= 1km=0.625 miles 1x5:8=

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS
• When writing in words or reading fractions other than ½ (a half) and ¼ (a quarter), we use a combination of
cardinal and ordinal numbers:
quand on écrit en mots ou on lit les fractions autre que ½ (demi) et ¼ (un quart), nous utilisons une
combinaison des nombres cardinaux et nombres ordinaux :
1/5 a/one fifth 1/10 a/one tenth (a is more usual than one)
3/5 three fifths 7/10 seven tenths

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 40

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

• A whole number + a fraction can be followed directly by a plural noun: 2 ¼ miles = two and a quarter mile.
½ (half) can be followed directly by a noun but other fractions require of before a noun: half a second but a
quarter of a second half of can be used, but the of is optional: half (of) my earnings go in tax.
*-A nombre entier + une fraction peut être suivie directement d'un nom pluriel : 2 ¼ miles = deux
mille et un quart. ½ (demi) peut être suivi directement par un substantif, mais autres fractions exigent
devant un nom : une demi-seconde, mais un quart de la deuxième half of peut être utilisé, mais le of
est facultatif : la moitié (de) mon salaire vont en impôt
Points to notice about ordinal numbers a. notice the irregular spelling of fifth, eighth, ninth and twelfth.

B. when ordinal numbers are expressed in figures the last two letters of the written word must be added
(except in dates): first = 1st.

C. In compound ordinal numbers the rule about and is the same as for compound cardinal numbers:
101st = the hundred and first. The article the normally precedes ordinal numbers: the sixtieth day, the fortieth
visitor.
Titles of kings etc. are written in Roman figures: Charles V James III Elisabeth II
But in spoken English we use the ordinal numbers preceded by the:
Charles the Fifth James the Third Elisabeth the Second

CALCULATION [kelkyu’leishen] CALCUL

Addition sign [edishen sain] Signe d’adition:
plus, or and [plas o: end] plus. E.g: 12 + 4 = 16 (Twelve plus four equals sixteen or twelve and four are
sixteen)
Substraction sign [seb’trekshen sain] Signe de soustraction:
minus [mainez] moins. E.g: 12 – 8 = 4 (Twelve minus eight equalz four)
Multiplication sign [maltiplikeishen sain] Signe de multiplication:
by or times [bai o: taimz] fois. E.g: 9 X 6 = 54 (Nine by six equals fifty four or nine times six equals fifty four)
Division sign [divizen sain] signe de division:
divided by [divaidid bai] divisé par. E.g: 20 : 10 = 2 (Twenty divided by ten equals two)
Equality sign [ikwoliti sain] Signe d’égalité:
equals [ikwolz] est égal à. E.g: 1 + 1 = 2 (One plus one equals two)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 41

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON ELEVEN

DAYS OF THE WEEK [deizove wi:k] LES JOURS DE LA SEMAINE

TEXT:

There are seven days in a week. Sunday is the first day of the week, and Saturday is the seventh or the
last day of the week. The other days between Sunday and Saturday are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday and Friday.

Sunday is the first day, Monday is the second day, Tuesday is the third day, Wednesday is the fourth
day, Thursday is the fifth day, Friday is the sixth day, and Saturday is the seventh day or the last day.

There are 365 days and six hours in a year.

News words [niyu weds] mots nouveau

Sunday [sandei] Dimanche

Monday [mandei] Lundi Are there …? [a dee …] Y a-t-il des …. ?
Tuesday [tyuzdei] Mardi Yes, there are. No there aren’t.
Wednesday [wenzdei] Mercredi For instance:
Thursday [fezdei] Jeudi Is there a …? [iz dee e …] Y a-t-il un (e) … ?
Yes there’s. No there’s not.
Friday [fraidei] Vendredi
Is there anyone by the name of Mary = Y a-t-il
Saturday [satedei] [saredei] Samedi quelqu’un au nom de Marie?
There is a … [dee iz e…] Il y a un (e) Are there any mangoes in the basket? = Y a-t-il des
There are …. [dee aa ….] Il y a des mangues dans le panier ?
For instance: The last [de last] le dernier
There is a radio on the table = Il y a un radio sur la table. But [bat] mais
There are people outside = Il y a des gens déhors However [hawevé] cependant, mais
Somehow [samhau] d’une manière ou d’une autre
Note:
Days and months are always written with capital letters.

Dates are expressed by ordinal numbers, so when speaking we say: March the tenth, July the fourteenth etc.
or the tenth of March etc.
They can, however, be written in a variety of ways; e.g. March the tenth could be written:
March 10 10 March 10 th of March
th th
March 10 10 March March the 10 th

Note:
The year: When reading or speaking we use the term hundred but not thousand. The year 1987 would be read
as nineteen hundred and eight-seven or nineteen eighty-seven. Year before the Christian era followed by the
letters BC (=Before Christ) and years dating form the Christian era are occasionally preceded by the letters AD
(=Anno Domini, in the year of Lord.) The former are read in either way: 1500 BC would be read as one
thousand five hundred BC or fifteen hundred BC.

L’année : lors de la lecture ou de parler, nous utilisons le terme cent mais pas mille. L’année 1987 serait lu
comme dix-neuf cent quatre vingt-sept. L’année avant l’ère chrétienne, suivie par les lettres BC (=avant Jésus-

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 42

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Christ) et des années datant forment l’ère chrétienne sont parfois précédées par les lettres AD (=Anno Domini,
dans l’année du Seigneur). Les premiers sont lus dans les deux sens : 1500 BC serait lu comme mille cing
cents BC ou quinze cents BC.

WEIGHTS, LENGTH AND LIQUID MEASURES [weits, lengf end likwid mezez]

A. Weights [weit] : poids The English weights table is as follows :

English measures MEANING
16 ounces (oz.) =1 pound (lb.) [wauns, paund] 16 onces (oz.) =1 livre (lb)
14 pounds =1 stone (st.) [stoun] 14 livres =1 pierre
8 stones =1 hundredweight (cwt.) 8 pierres =1 quintal (cwt.)
20 hundredweight =1 ton 20 quintaux =1 tonne
1 pound =0.454 kilogram (kg) 1 livre =0,454 kilogramme (kg)
2.2 pounds =1 kilogram 2,2 livres =1 kg
2.204.6 lbs =1 metric ton 2.204.6 lbs =1 tonne métrique
Plural:
– Ounce, pound and ton can take “s” in the plural when they are used as nouns, stone and hundredweight do
not take “s”. e.g. We say six pounds of sugar, but ten hundredweight of coal has no alternative. Ounce, pound
et tonne peuvent prendre “s” au pluriel quand ils sont utilisés comme des noms, la stone et le hundredweight
ne prennent pas « s » : par exemple : nous disons six pounds of sugar, mais ten hundredweight of coal n’a pas
d’alternative.
– When used in compound adjectives these terms never take ‘s’: a ten-ton lorry. Kilo or kilogram usually takes
in the plural when used as nouns: two kilos of apples or two kilograms of apples.

Lorsqu’il est utilisé dans les adjectifs composés ces termes ne prennent jamais ‘s’: un camion de dix tonnes.
Kilo or kilogramme prennent habituellement ‘s’au pluriel lorsqu’il est utilisé comme noms : deux kilos de
pommes ou de deux kilogrammes de pommes.

B. Length : longueur
The English table of length is as follows:
English Translation
12 inches [intsh] =1 foot (ft.) [fut] 12 pouces =1 pied (ft.)
3 feet [fiit] =1 yard (yd.) [ya: d] 3 pieds =1 yard (yd.)
1,760 yards =1 mile (m.) [mail] 1.760 yards =1 mile (m.)
1 inch =2.54 centimetres (cm) 1 pouce =2,54 centimetres (cm)
1 yard =0.914 metre (m) 1 yard =0,914 mètre (m)
1 mile =1.609 kilometres 1 mile =1,609 kilogramètres (km)
Plural:
– When there is more than one inch/mile/centimeter we normally use the plural form of the
words: one inch, ten inches one mile, four miles one centimetre, five centimetres
Quand il y a plus d’un pouce / mile / centimètre nous utilisons normalement la forme plurielle de mots :
un pouce, dix pouces un mile, quatre miles un centimètre, cinq centimètres.
– When there is more than one foot we can use either foot or feet. Feet is the more usual when
measuring heights. We can say: six-foot-tall or six feet tall two-foot-long or two feet long.
Quand il y a plus d’un pied, nous pouvons utiliser soit ou les pieds. Pieds est le plus habituel pour
mesurer des hauteurs. Nous pouvons dire: six pieds de haut ou six pieds de hauteurs, deux pieds de
long ou deux pieds de long.
– When used in compound adjectives the above forms never take the plural form: a two-mile
walk, a six-inch ruler.
Lorsqu’il est utilisé les adjectifs composés les formes ci-dessus ne prennent jamais la forme plurielle :
une promenade de deux miles, une règle de six pouces.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 43

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

C. Liquid measure : mesure liquide

English Translation
2 pints (pt) =1 quart (qt.) 2 pintes (pt) =1 litre (l)
2 quarts =1 gallon (gal.) 2 litres =1 gallon (gal.)
1 pint =0.568 litre (l) 1 pinte =0,568 litre
1 gallon =4.55 litres 1 gallon =4,55 litres
D. Traditionally British measurements have been made in ounces, inches, pints etc. but there is now a
gradual move toward the metric system.
Traditionnellement, les mesures britanniques ont été faites en onces, pouces, pintes, etc. mais il est
maintenant un passage grogressif vers le système métrique.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 44

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON TWELVE

THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR [de manfs ove yié] LES MOIS DE L’ANNEE

There are twelve months in a year. Their names are: January, February, March, April, May,
June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. January is the first month and December
is the twelfth or the last month. A month has thirty or thirty-one days but February has twenty-eight or twenty-
nine days after four years. It means four weeks a month. A year must have fifty-two weeks, which give 365
days and six hours. Then, the earth has two motions: Rotation and Translatory movement. Rotation means
when the earth turns around itself for 24 hours but translatory movement when the earth turns around the Sun
for 365 days and 6 hours.

In America and Europe, the year is divided by four seasons: Spring, summer, autumn or fall and winter.
That is to say each season has 3 months. March, April and May are the spring months; June, July and August
are the summer months; September, October and November are the autumn months; December, January and
February are the wintry months. In spring, what is the weather like? It is a bit okay. But in summer, the weather
is very nice and too hot as dry season in Africa and the sky is clear and blue. Moreover, in autumn it rains like
rainy season in Africa and people use to use the umbrella for walking under the rain. Unlike, in wintry season, it
is so cold, the snow falls down from heaven and the earth is white. No means of grazing cattle outside because
of cold and people usually wear their cold garments and they warm their homes.

In Africa, there are two seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. In the dry season, it is so hot,
and the weather is very nice. But in the rainy season, it rains. In Equatorial climate, it rains all year because of
forest and moisture.

New words
- What is the worst season of America and Europe? It is winter

Year [yié] année July [dzulai] Juillet

Months[manfs] mois August [ogest] Août
January [dzenueri] Janvier September [septembé] Septembre
February [februeri] Février October [oktobé] Octobre
March [matsh] Mars November [novembé] Novembre
April [epril] Avril
December [disembé] Décembre
May [mei] Mai
June [dzun] Juin To turn around [ten eraund] tourner autour de
Motion [moushen]movement [muvment]mouvement To snore [tu snoo] ronfler
Rotation [roteishen] rotation Heaven [hev’n] sky [skai] ciel
Translatory movement [transletori muv’ment] translation Divided into [divaidid intu] divisé par
Seasons [siznz] saisons After [afté] après
American and Europian Lightning [laitning] foudre
Spring [spring] printemps Rainbow [reinbou] arc-à-ciel
Summer [same] été Thunder [fandé] tonnerre
Autumn [oten] fall [fol] automne Wind [wind] vent
Winter [winté] hiver Windy [windi] venteux (euse)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 45

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

African seasons [afriken siznz] saisons africaines Storm [stom] orage, tempête
The dry season [de drai sizn] saison sèche Stormy [stomi] orageux (euse)
The rainy season [de reini sizn] saison des pluies Cloud [klaud] nuage
Drought [draut] sécheresse Cloudy [klaudi] nuageux (euse)
Drowse [drauz] somnoler Often [of’n] souvent
To fall [tu fol] tomber Equator [i’kweité] équateur
To fall down [tu fol daun] tomber parterre Equatorial [ekwetoriol] équatorial
To fall from [tu fol from] tomber de Tropical [tropikol] tropical
To fall for [tu fol fo] tomber amoureux Forest [forist] forêt
To fall asleep [tu fol ezlip] s’endormir Moisture [moistshé] humidité
To fall silent [tu fol sailent] se taire Moist [moist] humide
To fall into line [tu fol intu lain] se mettre en rangs Shepherd [sheped] berger
To fall into ennemies’ hands = tomber à la main de l’ennemi To graze [tu greiz] pâturer
To fall into the trap = tomber dans le piège Grazing [greizing] pâturage
For [for] pour, car, pendant. Outside [autsaid] extérieur
In [in] dans, en. Inside [in’said] intérieur
During [dyuering] Durant. Tighten one’s belt [taitin wanz belt] serrer la ceinture
Weather [wedé] atmosphere [etmosfié] atmosphere Squeeze up a bit [skwizap e bit] serrez un peu
What is the weather like? = quel temps fait-il? To squeeze money out of = extorquer de l’argent
Earth [ef] terre Sneer [snié] ricaner,
Hill [hil] colline Sneer at [snié et] se moquer
Mountain [maunt’n] mount [maunt] montagne To gape [geip] bayer, bailer
Massif [mesif] massif To yawn [youn] bailer
Climate [klaimit] climat To mean [tu min] signifier
Plain [plein] plaine The sun [de san] le soleil
Valley [veli] vallée That is to say [detiz tu sei] c’est-à-dire
World [weld] monde It means [it minz] ça signifie
The stars [de staz] les étoiles
Divided by [divaidid bai] divisé par
The moon [de mun] la lune

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 46

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON THIRTEEN

SOME QUESTIONS [sam kweshenz] QUELQUES QUESTIONS

1. How many [hau meni] combien de

For instance
How many brothers do you have? [hau meni bradez du yu hev] Combien de frères avez-vous?
I have ten brothers [ai hev ten bradez] J’ai dix frères.
I only have one brother [ai onli hev wan brade] J’ai seulement un frère.
How many are there of you? [hau meni aa dee oviyu] Vous êtes combien de personnes?
We are ten persons [wi aa ten pesonz] Nous sommes dix personnes.
2. How much [hau matsh] A quel prix?
For instance:
How much is one bottle of oil? [hau matsh iz wan botol ov oil] Combien coûte une bouteille d’huile?
•It is 200 franks [itiz tu handred frenks] C’est 200 francs.
How much are those sweet potatoes? [hau matsh aa douz swiit pe’teitouz] Combien coûtent ces patates
douces?
These are 500 franks [dizaa faiv handred frenks] Ça coûte 500 francs.
How much costs one litre of petrol? [hau matsh kosts wan lite ov pitrol] Combien coûte un litre essence?
•It costs 1,550 franks [it kosts wan fauzend faiv handred end fifti frenks] Ça coûte 1550 francs.
How much do you spend for this shirt? [hau matsh du yu spend fo dis shet] Combien dépenses-tu pour cette chemise?
I spend 6 000. [ai spend six fauzend] Je dépense 6 000.
Note: If we want to ask about the price, we may use the verb to be, to cost, to pay, to spend.
[if wi wont tu aask ebaut de prais wi mei yuz de veb tu bi tu kost, tu pei, tu spend]
Si nous voulons demander au sujet du prix, nous pouvons utiliser les verbes to be ou to cost.
To cost [tu kost] coûter. To pay [tu pei] payer. To spend [tu spend] dépenser.
3. How old [hau old] Quel âge?
For example:
How old are you? [hau oldayu] Quel âge avez-vous?
–I’m 37 years old [am feti sev’n] J’ai 37 ans.
–I’m 37 [am feti sev’n] J’ai 37 ans.
–I’m at the age of 37. [am et di eidz ov feti sev’n] Je suis à l’âge de 37.
How old is your son? [hau old iz yo san] Ton fils a quel âge?
•He is 14. [hi iz fotin] Il a 14 ans.
How old is Chantal? [hau old iz Chantal] Chantal a quel âge?
She is at the age of 28. [shi iz et di eidz ov twenti eit] Elle est à l’âge de 28.
How old is his father? [hau old iz hiz fadé] Son père a quel âge?
•He is 78. [hi iz sev’nti eit] Il a 78 ans.
Note: When we talk about age in English, we use the verb to be instead of the verb to have like in
French. 4. How far [hau faa] A quelle distance?
For instance:
How far is there from Kinshasa to Matadi? [hau faa iz dee from Kinshasa tu Matadi] Quelle distance y a•t•il
entre Kinshasa et Matadi?
There is 360 km [dee iz fri handred end sixti kilo mitez] Il y a 360 km.
How many miles are there from Kinshasa to Matadi? [hau meni mailz a dee from Kinshasa tu Matadi]
Combien de miles y a-t-il entre Kinshasa et Matadi ?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 47

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

•There are 225 Miles. [dee aa tu handred end twenti faiv mailz] C’est 225 Miles.
5. How wide [hau waid] Quelle … largeur?
For instance:
How wide is this room? [hau waidiz dis rum] Quelle est la largeur de cette pièce?
It’s 30 m. [its feti mitez] C’est 30 m.
How wide is your plot? [hau waid iz yo plot] Quelle est la largeur de votre parcelle?
It’s 40 by 60 m. [its foti bai sixti mitez] C’est 40 sur 60 m.
6. How often [hau of’n] Combien de fois?
For instance:
How often do you eat a day? [hau of’n du yu iit e dei] Combien de fois manges-tu par jour?
I often eat once [ai of’n iit wans] Je mange une seule fois.
I often eat twice [ai of’n iit twais] Je mange deux fois.
How often do you win your opponent ? [hau of’n du yu win yo epounent] Combien de fois gagnes-tu ton opposant?
Note : Once [wans] une fois, Twice [twais] deux fois. Thrice [frais] trois fois.
Four times [foo taimz] Quatre fois, five times [faiv taimz] cinq fois.
7. How tall [hau tol] Quelle … taille, hauteur ?
For example:
How tall are you ? [hau tol ayu] Quelle est ta taille?
•I’m thin [am fin] je suis mince.
•I’m thick [am fik] je suis gros.
What size are you ? [wot saiz ayu] Quelle est votre taille?
What size do you take ? [wot saiz du yu teik] Quelle est votre taille?
•I take 12 size [ai teik twelv saiz] Je prends 12.
What size of waist are you? [wot saiz of weist ayu] Quel est votre tour de taille? ….
How tall is this mount ? [hau tol iz dis maunt] Quelle est la hauteur de cette montagne?
It’s 5 000 m. [its faiv fauzend mitez] C’est 5 000 m.

8. How deep [hau diip] Quelle … profondeur ?

For instance
How deep is this river ? [hau dip iz dis rivé] Quelle est la profondeur de cette rivière?
It is 3 metres. [itiz fri mitez] C’est 3 m.
How deep is that hole? [hau dip iz det houl] Quelle est la profondeur de ce trou?
It’s 5 m. [its faiv mitez] C’est 5 m.
9. How long [hau long] Quelle …. la longueur ? ou combien de temps ?
For instance
How long is the table ? [hau long iz de teibl] Quelle est la longueur de la table ?
How much longer shall we be here ? [hau matsh longé shal wi bi hié] Combien de temps avons-nous encore ici ?
We shall much longer be here for ten hours. [wi shal matsh longé bi hié foo ten hawéz] Nous avons encore 10 heures ici.
How long have you been here ? [hau long heviyu bin hié] Combien de temps avez-vous été ici?
I have been here for 3 years. [ai hev bin hié foo fri yiez] J’ai été ici il y a 3 ans.
How much longer will it last? [hau matsh longé wilit last] Combien de temps durera-t-il encore?
It will last for 2 hours [it wil last foo tu hawez] Ça durera encore deux heures.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 48

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

10. THE TIME [de taim] LE TEMPS

12 = O’clock = just = net.
15’ = fifteen or quarter [kwo: té] quart.
30’ = thirty or half
45’ = forty-five or quarter to. .

When will you come to see me? In which time will you come to see me? At seven o’clock pm

Questions
what time is it? [wot taim izit] Quelle heure est-il?
Or what is the time? [wotiz de taim] Quelle heure est-il?
–It is 8 o’clock.
–It’s seven o’clock = c’est 7 heures.
–It’s 7h 20 = Seven twenty or Twenty past Seven.
–It’s 7h 30 = Seven thirty or Seven half, Thirty past seven, Half past Seven.
–It’s 7h 31 = Seven thirty-one, Twenty-nine to Eight, or Eight left Twenty-nine.
–It’s 12h00’ = Twelve o’clock, noon.
–It’s 13h 35 = Thirteen thirty-five, Twenty-five to Fourteen, One thirty-five PM, Twenty-five to Two
PM.
–It’s 13h 58 = Thirteen fifty-eight, Two to Fourteen, Two to Two PM.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 49

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON FOURTEEN

PRACTICE PROGRAMS

WEEK ONE

Functions: Ask who someone is, introduce yourself, meet someone, greet someone, and ask where
someone is going.
Jonas: How do you do sir; my name is Jonas; I’m a nurse by the way I’m an English student.
Mark: How do you do Jonas
Jonas: Who are you?
Mark: I’m Mark. I’m so glad to meet you.
Jonas: So am I. Where are you going?
Mark: I’m going to hospital.
Jonas: Thank you. Have a nice job.
Mark: The same to you. Bye-bye.
Jonas: Bye and see you next time.

New words
--To ask [tu ask] demander -Where has she gone? [wee hez shi goun] Où est-elle partie ?
-Who [hu] qui
-Someone [samwan] quelqu’un
-Introduce yourself [in’trodyus yoself] Présente-toi

WEEK TWO
Functions: Ask for change, say thank you, make telephone call, and say apologies.
Mary: Good morning Jane.
Jane: Good morning to you sister, what are you?
Mary: I’m a money-changer.
Jane: What is today’s rate of exchange?
Mary: One dollar is 1600 franks.
Jane: Excuse me do you have change for ten dollars?
Mary: Yes, I do.
Jane: Thank you.
Mary: You’re welcome.
Jane: Hello, is John there?
Susan: Just one moment please. No, he isn’t.
Jane: I’m sorry. When he is back, tell him I needed him.
Susan: So long!
Jane: So long!

New words
To ask for change [tu a:sk fo: tsheindz] demander pour le change.
To say [tu sei] dire. E.g. I say nothing [ai sei nafing] je ne dis rien
To make telephone call [tu meik telifoun kol] to telephone [tu telifoun] téléphoner
To call [tu kol] appeler. Exchange [ix’tsheindz] change.
To call on [tu kolon] visit [vizit] visiter.
Apologies [epoledziz] excuses.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 50

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

To apologize [e’poledzaiz] s’excuser. Excuse [ix’kyuz] excuses.

Money-changer [mani tsheindzer] changeur de l’argent.
The rate of exchange [de reit ov ix’tsheindz] le taux de change.
Do you have change for 10 dollars? [du yu hev tsheindz fo ten dolaz] As•tu le change de 10 dollars?
To disappoint [tu dizapoint] decevoir.
Just one moment ! [dzast wan moment] a while [e wail] un instant!
I’m sorry [am sori] je m’excuse, je suis désolé(e). To be back [tu bi bek] rentrer.
To need [tu ni:d] avoir besoin.
A friend in need is a friend indeed [e frend in niid iz e frend in’diid] C’est dans le Malheur qu’on reconnait
les vrais amis.
In case of need [in keis ov niid] en cas de besoin.
E.g. I’m in need of money [am in ni:dov mani] J’ai besoin de l’argent.

WEEK THREE

Functions: Ask where someone is from, introduce someone else and ask where a place is.

Albert: Excuse me brother, where are you from?

Bernard: I’m from Kinshasa, what about you?
Albert: I’m from Mbandaka. This is my aunt and her name is Jane.
Bernard: Nice to come across you.
Albert: Nice to come across you, too.
Bernard: Where is the nearest hotel here?
Albert: It is on the second street.
Bernard: Are you one of its hosts?
Albert: Yes, I’m the 2nd man of this hotel!
Bernard: How much do you spend for one room a day?
Albert: I spend 10$. Would you mind eating some chips, cheeses, fish and taking some beer?
Bernard: Not at all, I should.
Albert: Enjoy yourself.
Bernard: Thanks, may God bless you.
Albert: You’re welcome.
Bernard: See you soon.
Albert: Bye and see you on Monday.

New words
Nearest [nierest] le plus proche. A host [e houst] hôte. A hostess [e houstes] hôtesse.
A hotel [e houtel] hôtel. Here [hié] ici.
Would you mind eating? [wudiyu maind iiting] Voudriez-vous manger?
Would you please eat? [wudiyu pliiz iit] Voudriez-vous manger?
Mind [maind] esprit.

WEEK FOUR
Functions: Ask where a place is, give direction, ask where someone lives and ask if someone is
married.

Walter: Hi sir, where is the Branch office of Jehovah’s Witnesses please?

James: It is on the 13th street in Limete.
Walter: Is it far from here?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 51

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

James: No, it isn’t.

Walter: By the way, where do you usually live?
James: I usually live on the 6th street in Limete. And you?
Walter: I usually live at Mbinza, Ngabeno Avenue Nr. 12. Tell me about your elder brother!
James: He’s a bit okay, but he has got his degree.
Walter: Are you still bachelor?
James: No, I’m married now, my wife’s name is Susan; and she is beautiful.
Walter: My hello to her.
James: Yes, I will.
Walter: See you next week.

Vocabularies:
Behind [bihaind] derrière. In front of [in frontov] devant. Under [andé] sous.
On [on] sur. Below [bilou] sous. Above [ebav] au•dessus.
By the way [bai de wei] en outre, par ailleurs.
Note: we use « by the way » when we want to change the suject.
[wi yuz bai de wei wen wi wont tu tsheindz de sabdzekt]
Nous utilisons ‘by the way’ quand nous voulons changer le sujet dont nous parlons.
To live [tu liv] habiter, vivre. To leave [tu liiv] quit [kwit] quitter, laisser.
Quarter [kwoté] quartier. Avenue [evenyu] avenue. Street [striit] rue.
Elder brother [eldé bradé] grand frère. Elder sister [eldé sisté] grande sœur.
Young brother [yang bradé] petit frère. Young sister [yang sisté] petite sœur.
Almost [olmost] presque. Near [nié] nigh [nai] proche.
Near-sighed [nié saitid] myope. To get [tu get] obtenir, simple past = got.
Degree [di’grii] degré, rang, echelon, licence.
Angle of 90 degrees [engol ov nain’ti di’griiz] angle de 90 degrés.
Bachelor [betshelé] garcon célibataire. Spinster [’spinsté] fille célibataire.
Still [stil] encore.
My hello to her [mai helou tu hé] Mes compliments pour elle ou Salue-la de ma part.
Say hello to John for me [sei helou tu dzon fo mi] mes salutations à Jean.
Beautiful [byutiful] belle. Handsome [hendsam] beau.

WEEK FIVE
Functions: Ask where someone works, talk about engagement.

Peter: Good morning John Mary, do you work around here?

John Mary: Yes I work at police office; I’m an accountant, what about you? What are you?
Peter: I’m a miller.
John Mary: By the way, how’s your uncle?
Peter: He’s alright. Nowadays, he’s working at SNEL.
John Mary: Can you tell me about his betrothal?
Peter: Yes, I can. His engagement was interrupted but now, he gets a new fiancée;
and her name’s Isabel.
John Mary: When will they get married?
Peter: On the coming Saturday at 10 o’clock in Kin•English congregation.
They will start at registry office, after that they will follow a talk in the Kingdom Hall.
But the party will start at 4 o’clock PM.
John Mary: Thank you for your information. I’ll do my best to assist at that wedding with my wedding

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 52

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Peter: presents.
John Mary: Welcome to you.
See you on Saturday.

New words
To work [tu wek] travailler.
To walk [tu wo:k] marcher.
An accountant [enekaun’tent] comptable.
An accountancy [enekaun’tensi] comptabilité.
To tell [tu tel] dire, raconter.
Engagement [in’geidzment] betrothal [bitrovol] fiançailles.
Fiancé [fiansi] engaged [in’geidzd] fiancé.
Fiancée [fiansié] fiancée.
To wed [tu wed] to get married [tu get merid] se marier.
Married [merid] marié (e).
Single [singl] bachelor [betshelé] unmarried [an’merid] célibataire.
To marry [tu meri] to espouse [tu ispauz] marier ou épouser.
To do its best [tu du its best] faire son mieux.
Atmost [etmost] son mieux.
Wedding day [weding dei] Jour de noces.
Wedding present [weding prizent] Cadeau de mariage.
Wedding church [weding tshetsh] Mariage religieux.
Wedding band [weding bend] = wedding ring [weding ring] alliance, anneau de marriage
Wedding dress [weding dres] robe de mariage.
Wedding guest [weding gest] invité (e) du mariage.
Wedding anniversary [weding eniveseri] anniversaire du mariage.
Wedding breakfast [weding breikfast] repas de noces.
Civil wedding [sivil weding] mariage civil.
Marriage certificate [meridz setifikeit] certificat de mariage
Wedding talk or speech [weding to:k o: spi:tsh] discours du mariage.
Wedding party [weding pa:ti] Fête de mariage.
Dowry [dauri] dot.
To provide with a dowry [tu provaid wid e dauri] doter. To endow [tu in’dau] doter
Orator [oreté] speaker [spi:ké] orateur Discourse [disko:z] discours.
To attend to [tu etend tu] assister à une reunion.
Customary marriage [kastomeri meridz] mariage coutumier
To assist at [tu asist et] assister à une cérémonie.

WEEK SIX
Functions: Ask what day is, talk about an appointment, and send greetings.

A. Good morning, what day is today?

B. It is Wednesday
A. How do you spell that?
B. I spell it W-E-D-N-E-S-D-A-Y
A. Can you repeat please?
B. Yes I can W-E-D-N-E-S-D-A-Y

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 53

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

A. By the way, what are you going to do this weekend?

B. I’m going to make an appointment with my pal John, because we may travel to Kampala tomorrow.
A. Say hello to him for me.
B. Yes I will.
A. Have a nice weekend.
B. The same to you. See you next time.

New words
Pal [pel] buddy [badi] mate [meit] friend [frend] copain, copine.
What day is today ? [wot dei iz tudei] Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui?
What is today’s day ? [wotiz tudeiz dei o : woriz tudeiz dei] Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui?
To make an appointment [tu meik enepoint’ment] fixer un rendez-vous.
To fix an appointment [tu fiks enepoint’ment] fixer un rendez-vous.
To make a trip [tu meik e trip] to travel [tu travel] voyager.
Traveler [travelé] voyageur.
What are you going to do this weekend? [wotaayu going tu du dis wi:kend] Que vas-tu faire ce week-end?

WEEK SEVEN
Functions: Talk about foreign language, ask when someone was born, and ask what the date is.

A. Excuse me sir, what does foulard mean? I don’t understand.

B. It means scarf or neckerchief.
A. Do you speak French?
B. Not very much.
A. How do you say hello in French?
B. It is Salut.
A. could I use your pen?
B. Help yourself.
A. when is your birthday?
B. It is January 1st, 1978.
A. what the date is today?
B. It is May twenty third, 2018
A. Bye-bye.
B. Bye and see you around.

New words
To mean [tu min] signifier.
To talk [tu took] parler.
To speak [tu spik] parler.
To make out [tu meik aut] comprendre.
To understand [tu andestend] comprendre.
E.g. Do you make me out? [du yu meik mi aut] Me comprenez-vous?
To help [tu help] to assist [tu asist] aider, assister.
Help yourself [help yoself] Débrouille –toi! Débrouillez-vous!
When is your birthday ? [weniz yo befdei] quelle est ta date de naissance?
To give birth [tu giv bef] donner naissance. To bear [tu bie] naître.
What is today’s date? [wotiz tudeiz deit] Quelle est la date d’aujourd’hui?
What the date is today ? [wot de deit iz tudei] Quelle est la date d’aujourd’hui?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 54

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON FIFTEEN

VERBS

USES OF TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT OF FULL VERBS

USES
It is used:
A. When there are habitual actions with using the following words or adverbs: actually, always, daily, every,
generally, monthly, sometimes, often, usually, use to, weekly etc.
New Words
An habitual action [enebituol ekshen] une action habituelle. Every [evri] chaque, tous les jours.
A wonted action [e wontid ekshen] action habituelle. Sometimes [samtaimz] parfois.
Daily [deili] quotidien (ne). Often [ofn] souvent.
Monthly [manfli] mensuellement. Weekly [wikli] hebdomadaire.
Usually [yuzuoli] habituellement, d’habitude. Generally [dzeneroli] générallement.
Always [olweiz] toujours. Actually [‘ektueli] actuellement.
For instances:
1. I usually get up at 5 o’clock. [ai yuzueli getap et faiv oklok] Je me réveille d’habitude à 5 h00.
2. He sometimes speaks English [hi samtaimz spik inglish] Il parle parfois l’anglais.
3. You are often late. [yu aa of’n leit] Tu es souvent en retard.
4. Actually my mother is in Bunia. [‘ektueliz in Bunia] Actuellement, ma mère est à Bunia.
5. He always works at night. [hi olweiz weks et nait] Il travaille toujours dans la nuit.

B. When there are general truths

For examples :
1. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west
[de san raiziz in di ist end sets daun in de west] Le soleil se lève à l’est et se couche à lóuest.
2. The earth moves round the sun. [di ef muvz raund de san] La terre tourne au tour du soleil.
3. There is only one true God, the creator [dee iz onli wan tru god, de krieité] Il n’y a qu’un seul vrai Dieu le créateur.
4. Two plus two equals four [tu plas tu ikwols fo] 2 + 2 = 4

C. When we have two sentences, in one clause we have the future tense in using ‘when or if.’

For instances:
1. I shall telephone you, when he comes back. Je te téléphonerai quand il rentre.
2. You will get a fish if you go to lake. Tu auras du poisson, si tu pars au lac.
3. They will succeed if they study their lesson. Ils réussiront s’ils étudient leur leçon.
4. Whenever it rains the roof leaks. Chaque fois qu'il pleut, le toit fuit.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 55

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

HOW TO CONJUGATE THE VERBS? = COMMENT CONJUGUER LE VERB?

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, YOU, WE, THEY + VERB (without to)

But about the third person of singular, the following rulers are used:

1. We’ve got to put “S” at the end of the verb.

2. For instance:
He speaks. [hi spiks] il parle.
She knows. [shi nouz] elle sait
It comes slowly. [it kams slouli] ça vient petit à petit.

3. The verbs ended by O, X, S, CH, SH, and Z we’ve got to put “ES” at the end of the verbs.
For instance:
He goes home. [hi gouz hom] il part à la maison.
She kisses her husband. [shi kisiz he hazbend] elle embrasse son mari.
John boxes James [dzon boxiz dzeims] Jean boxe Jacques.
She does herself this work. [shi daz heself dis wek] elle fait seule ce travail.
She washes herself [shi woshiz heself] elle se lave.

4. The verbs ended by Y preceded by a Vowel, we only put S but preceded by a consonant, we change
completely Y by IES.
For instance:
He says I’m wrong. [Hi seiz am rong] il dit ‘j’ai tort.’
She plays cards. [shi pleiz kadz] elle joue à la carte.
To try : He tries to reply to my question [hi traiz tu riplai tu mai kweshen] il essaye de répondre à ma question.
To study: she studies [shi stadiz] elle étudie.

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Ruler: DO + I, YOU, WE, THEY + VERB (without to)

DOES + HE, SHE, IT + VERB (without to)
NEGATIVE FORM

Ruler: I, YOU, WE, THEY + DON’T / DO NOT + VERB (without to)

HE, SHE, IT + DOESN’T / DOES NOT + VERB (without to)
AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
TO DO = faire TO SPEAK = Parler TO SAY = Dire TO STUDY = Étudier
I do [ai du] I speak I say I study
You do [yu du] You speak You say You study
He does [hi daz] He speaks He says He studies
She does [shi daz] She speaks She says She studies
It does [it daz] It speaks It says It studies
We do [wi du] We speak We say We study
You do [yu du] You speak You say You study
They do [dei du] They speak They say They study

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 56

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Do I do? [du ai du] Do I speak? Do I say? Do I study?
Do you do? [du yu du] Do you speak? Do you say? Do you study?
Does he do? [daz hi du] Does he speak? Does he say? Does he study?
Does she do? [daz shi du] Does she speak? Does she say? Does she study?
Does it do? [dazit du] Does it speak? Does it say? Does it study?
Do we do? [du wi du] Do we speak? Do we say? Do we study?
Do you do? [du yu du] Do you speak? Do you say? Do you study?
Do they do? [du dei du] Do they speak? Do they say? Do they study?
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
I don’t do [ai dont du] I don’t speak I don’t say I don’t study
You don’t do [yu dont du] You don’t speak You don’t say You don’t study
He doesn’t do [hi daznt du] He doesn’t speak He doesn’t say He doesn’t study
She doesn’t do She doesn’t speak She doesn’t say She doesn’t study
It doesn’t do It doesn’t speak It doesn’t say It doesn’t study
We don’t do We don’t speak We don’t say We don’t study
You don’t do You don’t speak You don’t say You don’t study
They don’t do They don’t speak They don’t say They don’t study

EXERCISE ON THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF FULL VERBS

1. Put The Following Sentences In Interrogative Sentences and answer to the question by yes and no
A. I take some summary.
B. You understand his question.
C. Chantal sings in a choir. [kwaie]
D. Your house has five rooms.
E. We speak American English.
F. You send a letter to John.

2. Put the Following Sentences In negative Sentences

1. I succeed to this question.
2. You utter fluently French.
3. He knows how to behave.
4. She has a blouse. .
5. It takes much time.
6. We know to whom to turn.
7. Those women give birth.

3. Put the Following Sentences in Affirmative Sentences

1. Does John have a car?
2. Do they speak French?
3. Does your friend try to speak Greek?
4. We don’t tell anything.
5. I don’t cheat today in school.
6. My mother doesn’t come this morning. My mother comes this morning.

Note:
̶ The following verbs are not conjugated like the ruler says above such as: To be, Can, May, and Must
= Les verbes suivants ne se conjuguent pas comme dit la règle à haut: to be, can, may et must.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 57

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

For instance:
He is at the top of our class = Il est le premier de notre classe.
He can help me if he wants = Il peut m’aider s’il veut.
May I come? = Que je vienne?
She must go to school. = Elle doit partir à l’école.
–In English there are three verbs which do not take to in infinitive such as: can, may, and must.
They are called “auxiliaries.”
Note : En Anglais, il y a trois verbes qui ne prennent pas to à l’infinitif tels que : can, may et must.
–In English, there are eight auxiliaries: to be, to do, to have, can, may, must, shall, will.
En Anglais, il y a huit auxiliaires: to be, to do, to have, may, must, shall and will.

For instance:
I am not a man but I am a woman.
Do you make fire?
He has come late.
They may tell you the truth = Ils peuvent vous dire la vérité.
We must not disobey Jehovah and Jesus. = Nous ne devons pas désobéir Jéhovah et Jésus.
We shall get everlasting life if we learn about God and apply what we are learning.
Nous recevrons la vie éternelle, si nous apprenons au sujet de Dieu et nous appliquons ce que nous
apprenons.
They will come if you come back from school = Ils viendront si tu reviens de l'école.
If you get up on a high mountain, you will become dizzy = Si vous montez sur une haute montagne, vous
serez pris de vertige.

FUTURE TENSE OF FULL VERBS

USE: It expresses an action that will occur in the future. It uses the helping words shall and will.

(1) The first person I and WE use: Shall

(2) The second and third persons YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY use Will
for instance:
I shall call on you on Monday. Je vous visiterai le lundi.
She will bring her property with her. Elle s’amènera avec ses biens.
Will they collect their bags in this evening? Ramasseront• ils leurs sacoches ce soir?

BRITISH ENGLISH

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Ruler: I, We + shall + verb (Without to)

You, He, She, It, They + will + verb (Without to)
INTERROGATIVE FORM

Ruler: Shall + I, We + verb (Without to)

Will +You, He, She, It, They + verb (Without to)
NEGATIVE FORM

Ruler: I, We + shall not / shan’t + verb (Without to)

You, He, She, It, They + will not / won’t + verb (Without to)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 58

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Long Form Short Fom
I shall do [ai shal du] Je ferai I’ll do [ail du] Je ferai
You will do [yu wil du] Tu feras You’ll do [yul du] Tu feras
He will do [hi wil du] Il fera He’ll do [hil du] Il fera
She will do [shi wil du] Elle fera She’ll do [shil du] Elle fera
It will do [it wil du] ça fera It’ll do [itl du] ça fera
We shall do [wi shal du] Nous ferons We’ll do [wil du] Nous ferons
You will do [yu wil du] Vous ferez You’ll do [yul du] Vous ferez
They will do [dei wil du] Ils feront, elles feront They’ll do [deil du] Ils feront, elles feront

INTERROGATIVE FORM Positive Answer Negative answer

Shall I do? [shal ai du] ferai-je? Yes, you will. No, you won’t
Will you do? [wil yu du] feras-tu? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t
Will he do? [wil hi du] fera-t-il? Yes, he will. No. he won’t
Will she do? [wil shi du] fera-t-elle? Yes, she will. No, she won’t
Will it do? [wilit du] fera-t-il? Fera-t-elle? Yes, it will. No, it won’t
Shall we do? [shal wi du] ferons-nous? Yes, you will. No, you won’t
Will you do? [wil yu du] ferez-vous? Yes, we shall. No, we shan’t
Will they do? [wil dei du] feront-ils (elles)? Yes they will No, they won’t

NEGATIVE FORM
Long form Short fom
I shall not do [ai shal not du] Je ne ferai pas I shan’t do [ai shant du] Je ne ferai pas
You will not do [yu wil not du] Tu ne feras pas You won’t do [yu wont du] Tu ne feras pas
He will not do [hi wil not du] Il ne fera pas He won’t do [hi wont du] Il ne fera pas
She will not do [shi wil not du] Elle ne fera pas She won’t do [shi wont du] Elle ne fera pas
It will not do [it wil not du] Il (elle) ne fera pas It won’t do [it wont du] Il (elle) ne fera pas
We shall not do [wi shal not du] Nous ne ferons pas We shan’t do [wi shan’t du] Nous ne ferons pas
You will not do [yu wil not du] Vous ne ferez pas You won’t do [yu wont du] Vous ne ferez pas
They will not do [dei wil not du] Ils ne feront pas They won’t do [dei wont du] Ils ne feront pas
AMERICAN ENGLISH

In American English, there are three kinds of future: the general future, the obligation future, and the near
future.

1. THE GENERAL FUTURE

it is used when we are not sure with the action that will happen.
New words
To happen [tu hep’n] to occur [tu eké] accomplir, se dérouler

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They + Will + verb (Without to)

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Ruler: WiII + I, You, He, She, It, We, They + verb (Without to)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 59

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

NEGATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, You, He, She, It, We, They + Will not / won’t + verb (Without to)

For instance:
(1) I will go to market tomorrow = J’irai peut-être au marché demain.
(2) Will you tell him that problem? = Lui direz-vous peut-être ce problème ?
(3) They won’t study on Saturday = Ils n’étudieront pas peut-être le samedi.

2. THE OBLIGATION FUTURE

It is used when it is an obligation, a decision and a duty in the future time.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, You, He, She, It, We, You,They + shall + verb (without to)

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Ruler: Shall + I, you, he, she, it, we, they + verb (without to)

NEGATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, You, He, She, It, We, They + shall Not / shan’t + verb (without to)

New words
Obligation [obligeishen] obligation, decision [desizen] decision, duty [dyuti] devoir.
Aim [eim] devoir. Awe [wo] devoir. To be obliged [tu bi oblaidzid] être obligé.
For instance:
(1) You shall come to see me tomorrow = Vous• êtes obligé de venir me voir demain?
(2) Shall he prepare his homework? Yes he shall or No he shan’t.
(3) They shan’t eat because of being lazy = Ils ne mangeront pas obligatoirement parce qu’ils sont
paresseux.

3. THE NEAR FUTURE

It is the same in British English. It is used when the action is going to happen after a little
moment in the future.
After a little moment = après un laps de temps.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + am / is / are + going to

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Ruler: Am / Is / Are + I, you, he, she, it, we, they + going to

NEGATIVE FORM
Ruler: I, you, he, she, it, we, they + am / is / are+ not + going to

For instance
(1) We are going to drink beer soon = Nous allons boire de la bière bientôt.
(2) Are they going to travel tomorrow? = Vont-ils voyager demain? Yes, they are or No they are not.
(3) I am not going to play football but I am going to pray. = Je ne vais pas jouer football mais je vais prier.

Note:
–Will and shall in short are ‘ll
–Will not = won’t

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 60

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

–Shall not = shan’t

Note: We pronounce going to as [gona] in American English.

Text:
Did you buy a pocket calculator?
–No, I did not, I’ll buy it the coming week, I guess.
Did you pay your generator cash?
–No, I did not, I’ll pay on the instalment plan, I guess.
Are you going to be here, when I come back?
–No, I am not going to be here.
Are you going to enter in the public service when you get your degree?
–No, I am not going to enter in the public service.
Are you going to take trip to New York?
–No, I am going to take trip to London.
Next week, we are going to visit the Voice of Congo.
–Oh boy, I am sorry; I am not going to be there.
We are going to buy movies and camera for our kids.
–Oh boy, I am not going to buy for them.

To bring [tu bring] apporter Voice [vois] voix

Property [propeti] bien, richesse Movies [muviz] films
To collect [tu kolekt] rassembler, ramasser To partake [tu pateik] prendre part
Sure [shué] sûr (e) To express [tu ikspres] exprimer
To slaughter [slouté] égorger To denote [tu dinout] indiquer
To pray [tu prei] prier To enrol [tu inrol] enroller
A pocket calculator [e pokit kelkiyuleté] calculatrice de Enrollment [in’rolment] enrollement
poche Public service [pablik sevis] service public
To guess [tu ges] croire To suck [tu sak] succer
To trust [tu trast] avoir confiance To suckle [tu sakol] allaiter
To rely on [tu rilai on] compter sur To buy [tu bai] acheter
To throw [tu frou] jeter To sell [tu sel] vendre
Generator [dzenereité] générateur To run errands [ran erendz] faire des commissions
Instalment [ins’tolment] versement partial, par tranche To pamper [pampé] gâter, choyer.
To enter [tu inté] entrer Inception [in‘sepshen] commencement

SIMPLE PAST OF FULL VERBS [simpol past ov ful vebs] PASSÉ SIMPLE OU IMPARFAIT

Use: It is used
1) when the time is known in the past moment with using the past adverbs: this morning, last year, last
week, last month, last day, yesterday, the day before yesterday etc…

For example:
(1) Yesterday, I bought a new padlock. Hier, j’ai acheté un nouveau cadenas.
(2) Did you get your bunch of keys? = Avez-vous trouvé votre trousseau des clés ?
(3) They did not study the day before yesterday. = Ils n’ont pas étudié avant-hier.

Completed Action in the Past = Des actions complètes dans le passé.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 61

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

2) To express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Examples:

Last week, I traveled to Spain. = La semaine passée, j’ai voyage à Espagne.

Last year, I didn’t travel to America. = L’année passée, je n’ai pas voyage à Amérique.
I saw a movie last week. = J’ai vu un film la semaine passée.
I didn’t see a play yesterday. = Je n’ai pas vu un jeu hier.
Did you have dinner last night? = Avez-vous le dîner ce soir?
He washed his car. Il lavait sa voiture
He didn’t wash his car. Il ne lavait pas sa voiture.

Series of Completed Actions = une serie des actions completes dans le passé

3) To list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? Avez-vous ajouté la farine, versé le lait et puis
ajouté les oeufs ?

Duration in Past = la Durée dans le passé

4) With a duration which starts and stops in the past. Duration is a longer action often indicated by
expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Madrid for two years.
Peter studied Spanish for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

Habits in the Past = habitudes dans le temps passé

5) To describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as “used to.” To make
it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually,
never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:
I studied Spanish when I was a child. J'ai étudié l'espagnol quand j'étais enfant.
He played the violin. Il jouait du violon.
He didn’t play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school. Elle travaillait au cinéma après l'école.

Past Facts or Generalizations = Des faits ou des généralisations passées

6) To describe past factors or generalizations which are no longer true. This use of the simple Past is quite
similar to the expression “used to.”
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
Elle était timide comme un enfant, mais maintenant, elle est très sociable.
He didn’t like tomatoes before.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 62

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When•clauses Happen First = l’importance de la phrase introduite par quand

7) Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses
begin with the word “when” such as “when I dropped my pen…” or “when class began…” these clauses are
called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.
Les Clauses sont des groupes de mots qui ont une signification, mais ne sont pas souvent des phrases
complètes. Certaines clauses commencent par le mot « quand » tels que "quand j'ai laissé tomber mon
stylo..." ou "quand la classe a commencé...", ces clauses sont appelées clauses when, et ils sont très
importants. Les exemples qui suivent contiennent des clauses when.
Examples:
When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both
of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question.
It is not important whether “when I paid her one dollar” is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the
sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I
paid her one dollar.
Les Clauses introduites par ‘when’ sont importantes parce qu'ils s'avèrent toujours tout d'abord
lorsque les deux clauses sont dans le passé simple. Les deux exemples ci-dessus signifient la même
chose : tout d'abord, je lui ai payé un dollar, et puis, elle a répondu à ma question. Il n'est pas
important « quand j'ai payé son un dollar » est au début de la phrase ou à la fin de la phrase.
Toutefois, l'exemple ci-dessous a une signification différente. Tout d'abord, elle a répondu à ma
question, et puis, je lui ai payé un dollar.

Examples:
I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

Note: Sometimes it is used with when-clauses with the presence of the Past Perfect tense.

Examples:
My mother had given me up when I was a child = Ma mère m’avait abandonné quand j’étais un enfant.
I looked for you when you had been at school = Je te cherchais quand tu avais été à l’école.
My father thanked me for what I had done to school = Mon père me félicitait de ce que j’avais fait à
l’école.

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still,
just, etc.
Examples:
You just called Debbie.
Did you just call Debbie?

HOW TO CONJUGATE THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST?

Note: The verbs are divided into two groups: the regular verbs and the irregular verbs

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 63

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

THE REGULAR VERBS

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

(1) We’ve got to put “ed” at the end of a verb but when the verbs are ended by “e,” we only add ‘d.’
Example:
(a)

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle meaning

To drain water away drained water away drained water away Évacuer de l’eau
[tu drein woté ewei] [dreinid woté ewei] [dreinid woté ewei]
To grant [grent] granted [grentid] granted [grentid] Accorder (permission)
To mend [tu mend] mended [mendid] mended [mendid] Racommoder
To mow [tu mou] mowed [moud] mowed [moud] Faucher
To roam [tu roum] roamed [roumid] roamed [roumid] Errer, rôder
To smear [tu smié] smeared [smiéd] smeared [smiéd] Salir, souiller
To smirch [tu smetsh] smirched [smetshid] smirched [smetshid] Salir, souiller
To trail [tu treil] trailed [treilid] trailed [treilid] Trainer
To tow [tu tou] towed [toud] towed [toud] Remorquer (un navire)
To wonder [tu wandé] wondered [wanded] wondered [wanded] Se demander
To yawn [tu youn] yawned [younid] yawned [younid] Bailler

(b)

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle meaning

To admire [tu edmaié] admired [edmaied] admired [edmaied] Admirer
To declare [tu diklee] declared [dikleed] declared [dikleed] Declarer
To decide [tu disaid]. decided [disaidid] decided [disaidid] Decider
To explore [tu iks’ploo] explored [iks’plood] explored [iks’plood] Explorer
To love [tu lav] loved [lavd] loved [lavd] Aimer
To like [tu laik] liked [laikid] liked [laikid] Préférer.
(2) The verbs ended by “Y” preceded: replied played payed
(a) by a vowel we add “ed”

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle meaning

To array [tu erei] arrayed [ereid] arrayed [ereid] Mettre en ordre
To betray [tu bitrei] betrayed [bitreid] betrayed [bitreid] Trahir
To destroy [distroi] destroyed [distroid] destroyed[distroid] Détruire
To play [plei] played [pleid] played [pleid] jouer Jouer

(b) by a consonant, we change completely Y by ‘ied.’

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle meaning

To fry [tu frai] fried [fraid] fried [fraid] Faire cuire (un poisson)
To hurry [tu hari] hurried [harid] hurried [harid] Se précipiter
To ply [tu plai] plied [plaid] plied [plaid] Manier vigoureusement
To rely on [tu rilai on] relied on [rilaid on] relied on [rilaid on] Compter sur

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 64

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

To reply [riplai] replied [riplaid] replied [riplaid] Répondre

(3) The verbs which form the past tense by doubling the last letter.

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle meaning

To drop [tu drop] dropped [dropid] dropped [dropid] Tomber goutte à goutte
To plan [tu plen] planned [plenid] planned [plenid] Planifier
To dial [tu daiel] dialled [daield] dialled [daield] Composer le numéro
To ban [tu ben] banned [benid] banned [benid] Interdire
To expel [tu iks’pel] expelled [iks’peld] expelled [iks’peld] Expulser
To beg [tu beg] begged [begd] begged [begd] Mendier
To rob [tu rob] robbed [robd] robbed [robd] Voler
To fan [tu fen] fanned [fenid] fanned [fenid] Vanner
To drub [tu drab] drubbed [drabd] drubbed [drabd] Battre l’ennemi
To trim [tu trim] trimmed [trimd] trimmed [trimd] Arranger
To nod [tu nod] nodded [nodid] nodded [nodid] Hôcher la tête
To refer [tu rife] referred [riferd] referred [riferd] Référer
To transfer [tu transfé] transferred [transfed] transferred [transfed] Transférer
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Ruler: Did + subject + verb (without to)

NEGATIVE FORM
Ruler: Subject + did not / didn’t + verb (without to)

Note: All verbs, that is to say: the regular and the irregular are both conjugated in the same way in interrogative
and negative forms in the simple past.

To dance = danser To go = partir Can = pouvoir Must = devoir

Affirmative form Affirmative form Affirmative form Affirmative form
I danced I went I could I had to / ought to
You danced You went You could You had to / ought to
He danced He went He could He had to / ought to
She danced She went She could She had to / ought to
It danced It went It could It had to / ought to
We danced We went We could We had to / ought to
You danced You went You could You had to / ought to
They danced They went They could They had to / ought to
Interrogative form Interrogative form Interrogative form Interrogative form
Did I dance? Did I go? Could I? Did I have to?
Did you dance? Did you go? Could you? Did you have to?
Did he dance? Did he go? Could he? Did he have to?
Did she dance? Did she go? Could she? Did she have to?
Did it dance? Did it go? Could it? Did it have to?
Did we dance? Did we go? Could we? Did we have to?
Did you dance? Did you go? Could you? Did you have to?
Did they dance? Did they go? Could they? Did they have to?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 65

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Negative form Negative form Negative form Negative form

I didn’t dance I didn’t go I couldn’t I didn’t have to
You didn’t dance You didn’t go You couldn’t You didn’t have to
He didn’t dance He didn’t go He couldn’t He didn’t have to
She didn’t dance She didn’t go She couldn’t She didn’t have to
It didn’t dance It didn’t go It couldn’t It didn’t have to
We didn’t dance We didn’t go We couldn’t20 We didn’t have to
You didn’t dance You didn’t go You couldn’t You didn’t have to
They didn’t dance They didn’t go They couldn’t They didn’t have to

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 66

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Simple Past Past participle Meaning

Arise [eraiz] Arose [erouz] Arisen [erizn] S’élever
Awake [eweik] Awakened / awoke Awakened / awoken Se réveiller
Be [bi] Was [woz], were [wee] Been [bi:n] Être
Bear [bié] Bore [boo] Born [bo:n] Naître
Beat [bi:t] Beat [bi:t] Beaten [bi:tin] Battre
Become [bikam] Became [bikeim] Become [bikam] Devenir
Begin [bigin] Began [bigen] Begun [bigan] Commencer
Bend [bend] Bent [bent] Bent [bent] Courber
Bet [bet] Bet / betted [bet, betid] Bet / betted Parier
Bid [bid] Bid / bade [bid, beid] Bid / bade Faire une offre
Bind [baind] Bound [baund] Bound [baund] Unir ; attacher
Bite [bait] Bit [bit] Bitten [bitin] Mordre
Bleed [bli:d] Bled [bled] Bled [bled] Saigner
Blow [blou] Blew [blu] Blown [bloun] Souffler
Break [breik] Broke [brouk] Broken [brouken] Casser
Breed [bri:d] Bred [bred] Bred [bred] Elever (un animal)
Bring [bring] Brought [brot] Brought [brot] Apporter, amener
Broadcast [brodkast] Broadcast, broadcasted Broadcast, broadcasted Diffuser
Build [bild] Built [bilt] Built [bilt] Bâtir
Burn [ben] Burned / burnt [bent] Burned / burnt [bent] Bruler
Burst [best] Burst [best] Burst [best] Eclater
Bust [bast] Bust [bast] Bust [bast] démenteler Attraper une hernie (gut)
Buy [bai] Bought [bot] Bought [bot] Acheter
Cast [kast] Cast [kast] Cast [kast] Lancer
Catch [katsh] Caught [kot] Caught [kot] Attraper
Choose [tshuz] Chose [tshouz] Chosen [tshouzn] Choisir
Cling [kling] Clung [klang] Clung [klang] Se cramponner
Clothe [klov] Clothe/ clad [klov / kled] Clothe / clad Habiller, vêtir
Come [kam] Came [keim] Come [kam] Venir
Cost [kost] Cost [kost] Cost [kost] Coûter
Creep [krip] Crept [krept] Crept [krept] Grimper
Crossbreed Crossbred [krosbred] Crossbred [krosbred] Croiser, métisser
Cut [kat] Cut [kat] Cut [kat] Couper
Daydream [deidrim] Daydreamt [deidremt] Daydreamt [deidremt] Rêvasser, rêver (tout éveillé)
Deal [dil] Dealt [delt] Dealt [delt] Négocier
Dig [dig] Dug [dag] Dug [dag] Creuser, cultiver
Disprove Disproved [dispruvid] Disproved / disproven Etablir, réfuter
Dive (jump head 1st) Dove / dived [douv] Dived [daiv’d] Plonger
Dive (scuba diving) Dived / dove [douv] Dived Bombarder
Do [du] Did [did] Done [dan] Faire
Draw [drou] Drew [dru] Drawn [droun] Dessiner
Drink [drink] Drank [drenk] Drunk [drank] Boire
Drive [draiv] Drove [drouv] Driven [drivn] Conduire
Dwell [dwel] Dwelt [dwelt] Dwelt [dwelt] Demeurer
Eat [i:t] Ate [eit] Eaten [i:tin] Manger
Fall [fo:l] Fell [fel] Fallen [fo:ln] Tomber

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 67

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Feed [fi:d] Fed [fed] Fed [fed] Nourrir

Feel [fi:l] Felt [felt] Felt [felt] Sentir (sentiment)
Fight [fait] Fought [fot] Fought [fot] Combattre
Find [faind] Found [faund] Found [faund] Trouver
Fit (tailor, change size) Fitted / fit [fitid / fit] Fitted / fit [fitid / fit] Changer la taille
Fit (be right size) Fit / fitted [fit / fitid] Fit / fitted [fit / fitid] Avoir une bonne taille
Flee [fli:] Fled [fled] Fled [fled] S’enfuir, se refugier
Fling [fling] Flung [flang] Flung [flang] Jeter, lancer la pierre
Fly [flai] Flew [flu] Flown [floun] Voler dans l’air
Forbid [fo:bid] Forbade [fo:beid] Forbidden [fo:bidn] Interdire
Forecast [fo:kast] Forecast [fo:kast] Forecast [fo:kast] Prévoir
Forego (also forgo) Forewent [fo:went] Foregone [fo:goun] Renoncer à, s’abstenir de
Foresee [fo:si:] Foresaw [fo:sou] Foreseen [fo:si:n] Prévoir, présager
Foretell [fo:tel] Foretold [fo:told] Foretold [fo:told] Annoncer
Forget [feget] Forgot [fegot] Forgotten / forgot Oublier
Forgive [fegiv] Forgave [fegeiv] Forgiven [fegivin] Pardonner
Forsake [feseik] Forsook [fesuk] Forsaken [feseikn] Abandonner
Freeze [fri:z] Froze [froz] Frozen [frozn] Congeler
Frostbite [frostbait] Frostbit [frostbit] Frostbitten [frostbitn] Glacer
Get [get] Got [got] Got / gotten [got, gotn] Obtenir
Give [giv] Gave [geiv] Given [givn] Donner
Go [gou] Went [went] Gone [goun] Partir
Grind [graind] Ground [graund] Ground [graund] Rendre poudre
Grow [grou] Grew [gru] Grown [groun] Grandir
Hand-feed [hendfi:d] Hand-fed [handfed] Hand-fed [handfed] Nourrir à la main
Handwrite [hendrait] Handwrote [hendrout] Handwritten [hendritin] Écrire à la main
Hang [heng] Hung [hang] Hung [hang] Pendre
Have [hev] Had [hed] Had [hed] Avoir
Hear [hié] Heard [hed] Heard [hed] Entendre
Hew [hu] Hewed [hud] Hewn / hewed [hun] Tailler (stone), couper un arbre
Hide [haid] Hid [hid] Hidden [hidn] Cacher
Hit [hit] Hit [hit] Hit [hit] Frapper
Hold [hould] Held [held] Held [held] Tenir
Hurt [het] Hurt [het] Hurt [het] Blesser
Inbreed [inbri:d] Inbred [inbred] Inbred [inbred] Croiser (animal)
Inlay [inlei] Inlaid [inleid] Inlaid [inleid] Inscruster, marqueter….
Input [input] Input / inputted [inputid] Input / inputted [inputid] Entrer, introduire
Interbreed [intebri:d] Interbred [intebred] Interbred [intebred] Croiser (animal)
Interweave [intewi:v] Interwove [intewouv] Interwoven [intewouvn] Tisser ensemble, entremêler
Interwind [intewind] Interwound [intewund] Interwound [intewund] Entre-enrouler
Keep [ki:p] Kept [kept] Kept [kept] Garder
Kneed [ni:d] Knelt / kneeled Knelt / kneeled S’agenouiller
Knit [nit] Knitted / knit [nitd] Knitted / knit [nitd] Tricoter
Know [nou] Knew [niyu] Known [noun] Connaître, savoir
Lay [lei] Laid [leid] Laid [leid] Se coucher
Lead [lid] Led [led] Led [led] Mener, guider
Lean [li:n] Leaned /leant [lenid, lent] Leaned /leant [lenid, lent] Pencher (mur) s’appuyer sur
Leap [li:p] Leaped /leapt [lipid, lept] Leaped /leapt [lipid, lept] Sauter, baudir
Learn [len] Learned/learnt [lenid, lent] Learned/learnt [lenid, lent] Apprendre
Leave [li:v] Left [left] Left [left] Quitter, laisser
Lend [lend] Lent [lent] Lent [lent] Prêter

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 68

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Let [let] Let [let] Let [let] Laisser, permettre

Lie [lai] Lay [lei] Lain [lein] S’allonger, se coucher
Lie [lai] regular verb Lied [laid] Lied [laid] Mentir, tromper
Light [lait] Lit/lighted [lit, laitid] Lit/lighted [lit, laitid] Eclairer
Lip-read [liprid] Lip-read [lipred] Lip-read [lipred] Lire sur les lèvres
Lose [luz] Lost [lost] Lost [lost] Perdre
Make [meik] Made [meid] Made [meid] Faire, fabriquer
Mean [mi:n] Meant [ment] Meant [ment] Signifier
Meet [mi:t] Met [met] Met [met] Rencontrer
Miscast [miscast] Miscast [misKast] Miscast [misKast] Donner 1 mauvaise distribution
Misdeal [misdi:l] Misdealt [misdelt] Misdealt [misdelt] Faire maldonne
Misdo [misdu] Misdid [misdid] Misdone [misdan] Mal faire.
Mishear [mis hié] Misheard [mis’hed] Misheard [mis’hed] Mal entendre
Mislay [mislei] Mislaid [misleid] Mislaid [misleid] Egarer
Mislead [mislid] Misled [misled] Misled [misled] Induire en erreur
Misread [misri:d] Misread [misred] Misread [misred] Mal lire, mal interpréter
Misset [mis set] Misset [mis set] Misset [mis set] Mal mettre
Misspeak [miss pi:k] Misspoke [mis spouk] Misspoken [mis spouken] Mal parler
Misspell [mis spel] Misspelled/misspelt Misspelled/misspelt Mal écrire, mal orthographier
Misspend [mis spend] Misspent[mis spent] Misspent [mis spent] Gaspiller
Mistake [misteik] Mistook [mistuk] Mistaken [misteiken] Mal comprendre….
Misteach [misti:tsh] Mistaught [mistot] Mistaught [mistot] Mal enseigner
Misunderstand [misande] Misunderstood Misunderstood Mal comprendre
Miswrite [misrait] Miswrote [misrout] Miswritten [misritn] Mal écrire
Mow [mou] Mowed [moud] Mowed /mown [moun] Faucher, moissonner
Offset [‘ofset] Offset [‘ofset] Offset [‘ofset] Compenser, contrebalancer
Outbid [autbid] Outbid [autbid] Outbid [autbid] Enchérir sur, surenchérir
Outdo [autdu] Outdid [autdid] Outdone [autdan] Surpasser, emporter sur
Outdrink [autdrink] Outdrank [autdrenk] Outdrunk [autdrank] S’enivrer
Outgrow [autgreu] Outgrew [autgru] Outgrown [autgreun] Devenir trop grand pour
Output [autput] Output [autput] Output [autput] Sortir de l’imprimante
Outrun [autran] Outran [autren] Outrun [autran] Distancer, dépasser
Outsell [autsel] Outsold [autsold] Outsold [autsold] Obtenir le meilleur résultat que
Outshine [autshain] Outshined / outshone Outshine /outshone Eclipser, surpasser
Outspend [autspend] Outspent [autspent] Outspent [autspent] Dépenser plus que qn
Outthink [autfink] Outthought [autfot] Outthought [autfot] Mal penser
Outthrow [aut frou] Outthrew [aut fru] Outthrown [aut froun] Mal jeter
Outwrite [autrait] Outwrote [autrout] Outwritten [autritin] Mal écrire
Overbid [ouvebid] Overbid [ouvebid] Overbid [ouvebid] Enchérir sur, surenchérir
Overbuild [ouvebild] Overbuilt [ouvebilt] Overbuild [ouvebilt] Sur construire
Overbuy [ouvebai] Overbought [ouvebot] Overbought [ouvebot] Sur acheter
Overcome [ouvekam] Overcame [ouvekeim] Overcome [ouvekam] Surmonter, vaincre
Overdo [ouvedu] Overdid [ouvedid] Overdone [ouvedan] Exagérer
Overdraw [ouvedrou] Overdrew [ouvedru] Overdrawn [ouvedroun] Dépasser son crédit
Overdrink [ouvedrink] Overdrank [ouvedrenk] Overdrunk [ouvedrank] S’enivrer
Overeat [ouve i:t] Overate [ouve eit] Overeaten [ouve i:tin] Trop manger
Overfeed [ouve fi:d] Overfed [ouve fed] Overfed [ouve fed] Suralimenter
Overhang [ouveheng] Overhung [ouvehang] Overhung [ouvehang] Surplomber, menacer
Overhear [ouve hié] Overheard [ouve hed] Overheard [ouve hed] Entendre par hasard
Overlay [ouvelei] Overlaid [ouveleid] Overlaid [ouveleid] Recouvrir
Overpay [ouvepei] Overpaid [ouvepeid] Overpaid [ouvepeid] Surpayer, trop payer

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 69

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Override [ouve raid] Overrode [ouve rod] Overridden [ouve ridn] Fouler aux pieds, outrepasser
Overrun [ouve ran] Overran [ouve ren] Overrun [ouve ran] Envahir, se rendre maître de
Oversee [ouve si:] Oversaw [ouve sou] Overseen [ouve si:n] Surveiller
Oversell [ouvesel] Oversold [ouvesold] Oversold [ouvesold] Faire trop valoir
Oversew [ouveseu] Oversewed [ouveseud] Oversewn [ouveseun] Coudre à points de surjet
Overshoot [ouveshut] Overshot [ouveshot] Overshot [ouveshot] Aller au-delà de,
Oversleep [ouvesli:p] Overslept [ouveslept] Overslept [ouveslept] Dormir trop longtemps
Overspeak [ouvespi:k] Overspoke [ouvespouk] Overspoken [ouvespoukn] Trop parler
Overspend [ouvespend] Overspent [ouvespent] Overspent [ouvespent] Dépenser au-dessus de
Overspill [ouvespil] Overspilled /overspilt Overspilled /overspilt Remplir de population
Overtake [ouveteik] Overtook [ouvetuk] Overtaken [ouveteikn] Rattraper, rejoindre
Overthink [ouvefink] Overthought [ouvefot] Overthought [ouvefot] Trop penser
Overthrow [ouvefrou] Overthrew [ouvefru] Overthrown [ouvefroun] Renverser
Over wind [oouvewaind] Over wound [ouvewaund] Over wound [oouvewaund] Trop sonner du cor
Overwrite [ouverait] Overwrote [ouverout] Overwritten [ouverait] Écraser, recouvrir
Partake [pa:teik] Partook [pa:tuk] Partaken [pa:teikn] Participer à, prendre part à
Pay [pei] Paid [peid] Paid [peid] Payer
Plead [pli:d] Pleaded /pled [pli:did, pled] Pleaded /pled [pli:did, pled] Supplier, implorer
Prebuild [pribild] Prebuilt [pribilt] Prebuilt [pribilt] Reconstruire
Predo [pridu] Predid [pridid] Predone [pridan] Refaire
Premake [primeik] Premade [primeid] Premade [primeid] Refaire
Prepay [pripei] Prepaid [pripeid] Prepaid[pripeid] Prépayer
Presell [prisel] Presold [prisold] Presold [prisold] Vendre à l’avance
Preset [priset] Preset [priset] Preset [priset] Programmer
Preshrink [prishrink] Preshrank [prishrenk] Preshrunk [prishrank] Prérétrécir
Proofread [prufri:d] Proofread [prufred] Proofread [prufred] Corriger les épreuves de
Prove [pruv] Proved [pruvd] Proved/proven [pruvn] se montrer, s’avérer
Put [put] Put [put] Put [put] Mettre, poser, placer
Quick-freeze [kwik-fri:z] Quick•froze [kuik-frouz] Quick•frozen [kuik-frouzn] Surgeler
Quit [kwit] Quit/quitted [kwit, kwikit] Quit/quitted [kwit, kwitid] Quitter, s’en aller de
Read [ri:d] Read [red] Read [red] Lire
Reawake [ri’eweik] Reawoke [ri’ewouk] Reawaken [ri’eweikn] Réveiller de nouveau
Rebid [ribid] Rebid [ribid] Rebid [ribid] Recommander, réordonner
Rebind [ribaind] Rebound [ribaund] Rebound [ribaund] Rattacher
Rebroadcast [ribroudkast] Rebroadcast/rebroadcasted Rebroadcast/rebroadcast Rediffuser
Rebuild [ribild] Rebuilt [ribilt] Rebuilt [ribilt] Rebâtir
Recast [rikast] Recast [rikast] Recast [rikast] Refondre, donner 1 nouveau rôle.
Recut [rikat] Recut [rikat] Recut [rikat] Couper de nouveau
Redeal [ridi:l] Redealt [ridelt] Redealt [ridelt] Renégocier
Redo [ridu] Redid [ridid] Redone [ridan] Refaire
Redraw [ridrou] Redrew [ridru] Redrawn [ridroun Retracer
Refit [rifit](replace parts) Refit [rifit] refitted Refit [rifit] refitted Renouveler l’équipement de
Refit [rifit] (retailor) Refitted/Refit [rifit] Refit [rifit] Réparer
Regrind [rigraind] Reground [rigraund] Reground [rigraund] Moudre de nouveau
Regrow [rigrou] Regrew [rigru] Regrown[rigroun] Repousser
Rehang [ri’heng] Rehung [ri’hang] Rehung [ri’hang] Suspendre de nouveau
Rehear [ri’hié] Reheard [ri’hed] Reheard [ri’hed] Entendre de nouveau
Reknit [rinit] Reknit [rinit] Reknit [rinit] Tricoter de nouveau
Relay [rilei] tiles Relaid [rileid] tiles Relaid [rileid] tiles Reposer
Relay [rilei] REGULAR Relayed [rileid] Relayed [rileid] Retransmettre, relayer
Relearn [rilen] Relearnt [rilent] relearned Relearnt [rilent] relearned Réapprendre

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 70

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Relight [rilait] Relighted [rilaitid] relit Relighted/relit [rilit] Rallumer

Remake [rimeik] Remade [rimeid] Remade [rimeid] Refaire
Repay [ripei] Repaid [ripeid] Repaid [ripeid] Repayer
Reread [ridi:d] Reread [rired] Reread [rired] Relire
Rerun [riran] Reran [riren] Rerun [riran] Passer, courir de nouveau
Resell [risel] Resold [risould] Resold[risould] Vendre à l’avance
Resend [risend] Resent [risent] Resent [risent] Renvoyer
Reset [riset] Reset [riset] Reset [riset] Remettre
Resew [risou] Resewed [risoud] Resewn [risoun]resewed Recoudre
Retake [riteik] Retook [rituk] Retaken [riteikn] Reprendre
Reteach [riti:tsh] Retaught [ritot] Retaught [ritot] Enseigner de nouveau
Retear [ritié] Retore [ritor] Retorn [rito:n] Déchirer de nouveau
Retell [ritel] Retold [ritold] Retold [ritold] Raconter de nouveau
Rethink [rifink] Rethought [rifot] Rethought [rifot] Repenser
Retread [ri:tred] Retread [ri:tred] Retread [ri:tred] Rechaper
Retrofit [retrofit] Retrofit [retrofit] retrifitted Retrofit [ritrofit] retrifitted Réajuster, modifier
Rewake [riweik] Rewoke [riwouk] Rewaken [riweikn] Réveiller de nouveau
Reweave riwi:v] Reweaved/rewove[riwouv] Reweaved/rewoven Tisser, faufiler
Rewed [riwed] Rewed / rewedded Rewed /rewedded[riwedid] Remarier
Rewet [riwet] Rewet/rewetted [riwet] Rewet/rewetted [riwet] Mouiller de nouveau
Rewin [riwin] Rewon [riwan] Rewon [riwan] Regagner
Rewind [riwaind] Rewound [riwaund] Rewound [riwaund] Rebobiner, rembobiner ruban
Rewrite [rirait] Rewrote [rirout] Rewritten [riritn] Réécrire
Rid [rid] Rid [rid] Rid, ridded [ridid] Débarrasser
Ride [raid] Rode [roud] Ridden [ridn] Monter à cheval, rouler à
Ring [ring] Rang [reng] Rung [rang] Sonner
Rise [raiz] Rose [rouz] Risen [rizn] Lever
Roughcast [rafkast] Roughcast [rafkast] Roughcast [rafkast] Crépir
Run [ran] Ran [ren] Run [ran] Courir
Saw [sou] Sawed [soued] Sawn [soun] sawed Scier
Say [sei] Said [sed] Said [sed] Dire
See [si:] Saw [sou] Seen [si:n] Voir
Seek [si:k] Sought [sout] Sought [sout] Chercher
Sell [sel] Sold [sould] Sould [sould] Vendre
Send [send] Sent [sent] Sent [sent] Envoyer
Set [set] Set [set] Set [set] Mettre, placer
Sew [sou] Sewed [soud] Sewn [soun] sewed Coudre
Shake [sheik] Shook [shuk] Shaken [sheikn] Secouer
Shave [sheiv] Shaved [sheivd] Shaven [sheivn], shaved Raser
Shear [shié] Sheard [shiéd] Sheard [shiéd] shorn [shon] Tondre
Shed [shed] Shed [shed] Shed [shed] Répandre, perdre, dépouiller
Shine [shain] Shined /shone [shoun] Shined /shone [shoun] Faire briller qlch
Shit [shit] Shit/shat/ shitted Shit/shat/ shitted Chier
Shoot [shut] Shot [shot] Shot [shot] Fusiller
Show [shou] Showed [shoud] Shown [shoun] showed Montrer
Shrink [shrink] Shrank [shrenk] Shrunk [shrank] Rétrécir,
Shut [shat] Shut [shat] Shut [shat] Fermer
Sight-read [sait ri:d] Sight•read [sait red] Sight-read [sait red] Déchiffrer
Sing [sing] Sang [seng] Sung [sang] Chanter
Sink [sink] Sank [senk] sunk [sank] Sunk [sank] Couler, sombrer
Sit [sit] Sat [set] Sat [set] S’asseoir

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 71

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Slay [slei] kill Slaid [sleid] slew [slu] Slain [slein] Tuer
Slay (amuse)REGULAR Slayed (amuse)Regular Slayed (amuse)Regular Amuser
Sleep [sli:p] Slept [slept] Slept [slept] Dormir
Slide [slaid] Slid [slid] Slid [slid] Glisser
Sling [sling] Slung [slang] Slung [slang] Jeter (lance-pierre)
Slink [slink] Slinked /slunk [slank] Slinked /slunk [slank] away S’en aller / sortir
Slit [slit] Slit [slit] Slit [slit] Inciser, couper, fendre
Smell [smel] Smelt [smelt] smelled Smelt [smelt] smelled Sentir (odorat)
Sneak [sni:k] Sneaked [sni:kd] snuck Sneaked /snuck [snak] Entrer /sortir (in, out)
Sow [sou] Sowed [soud] Sowed /sown [soun] Semer
Speak [spi:k] Spoke [spouk] Spoken [spoukn] Parler
Spell [spel] Spelt [spelt] Spelt [spelt] Épeler
Spend [spend] Spent [spent] Spent [spent] Dépenser
Spill [spil] Spilled /spilt [spilt] Spilled /spilt [spild] Renverser, répandre
Spin [spin] Spun [span], span [spen] Spun [span] Tisser, filer
Spit [spit] Spit [spit] Spit [spit] Cracher (salive)
Split [split] Split [split] Split [split] Crever, diviser en deux
Spoil [spoil] Spoilt [spoilt] spoiled Spoilt [spoil] spoiled Souiller, gâter
Spoon•feed [spunfi:d] Spoon•fed [spunfed] Spoon•fed [spunfed] Nourrir qn à la cuillère
Spread [spred] Spread [spred] Spread [spred] Etendre, déployer
Spring [spring] Sprang [spreng] Sprung [sprang] Sauter, faire jouer
Stand [stend] Stood [stud] Stood [stud] Se tenir debout
Steal [sti:l] Stole [stoul] Stolen [stoulen] Voler
Stick [stik] Stuck [stak] Stuck [stak] Piquer, injecter
Sting [sting] Stung [stang] Stung [stang] Piquer, injecter
Stink [stink] Stunk [stink] stank [stenk] Stunk [stink] Puer, empester
Strew [stru] Strewed [strud] Strew [stru] strewn Éparpiller, répandre
Stride [straid] Strode [stroud] Stridden [stridn] Marcher à grands pas
Strike [straik] delete Struck [strak] delete Stricken [strikn] delete Effacer, rayer
Strike [straik] hit Struck [strak] hit Struck [strak] hit Stricken Frapper
String [string] Strung [strang] Strung [strang] Monter violon, garnir d’1 corde
Strive [straiv] Strove [strouv] Striven [strivn] S’efforcer
Sublet [sab’let] Sublet [sab’let] Sublet [sab’let] Sous-louer
Sunburn [sanben] Sunburnt /sunburned Sunburnt /sunburned Bruler par le feu
Swear [swee] Swore [swor] Sworn [swon] Jurer
Sweat [swet] Sweat [swet] sweated Sweat, sweated [swetid] Suer, transpirer
Sweep [swi:p] Swept [swept] Swept [swept] Balayer
Swell [swel] Swelled [sweld] Swelled, swollen[swouln] (Se) gonfler
Swim [swim] Swam [swem] Swum [swam] Nager
Swing [swing] Swung [swang] Swung [swang] Se balancer
Take [teik] Took [tuk] Taken [teikn] Prendre
Teach [ti:tsh] Taught [tot] Taught [tot] Enseigner
Tear [tie] Tore [tor] Torn [ton] Déchirer
Telecast [telikast] Telecast [telikast] Telecast [telikast] Diffuser
Tell [tel] Told [tould] Told [tould] Dire, raconter
Test-drive [test draiv] Test-drove [test drouv] Test-driven [test drivn] Essayer
Test-fly [test-flai] Test-flew [test-flu] Test-flown [test-floun] Essayer le vol
Think [fink] Thought [fout] Thought [fout] Penser
Throw [frou] Threw [fru] Thrown [froun] Jeter
Thrust [frast] Thrust [frast] Thrust [frast] Pousser brusquement
Tread [tri:d] Trod [trod] Trodden [trodn] trod Suivre, marcher à pied

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 72

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Typecast [taipkast] Typecast [taipkast] Typecast [taipkast] Enfermer dans rôle de

Unbend [anbend] Unbent [anbent] Unbent [anbent] Redresser le fil, détordre
Underbid [andbid] Underbade [andebeid] Underbidden [andebidn] Annoncer au-dessus de sa force
Undercut [andekat] Undercut [andekat] Undercut [andekat] Vendre moins cher que
Undergo [andegou] Underwent [andewent] Undergone [andegoun] Subir
Underlie [andelai] Underlay [andelai] Underlain [andelein] Etre à la base de
Undersell [andesel] Undersold [andesould] Undersold [andesould] Vendre moins cher que
Underspend [andespend] Underspent [andespent] Underspent [andespent] Ne pas dépenser au•delà
Understand [andestend] Understood [andestud] Understood [andestud] Comprendre
Undertake [andeteik] Undertook [andetuk] Undertaken [andeteikn] Entreprendre
Underwrite [anderait] Underwrote [anderout] Underwritten [anderitn] Souscrire, réassurer, garantir
Undo [andu] Undid [andid] Undone [andan] Détruire, annuler
Unfreeze [anfri:z] Unfroze [anfrouz] Unfrozen [anfrouzn] Débloquer, dégeler
Unhang [an’heng] Unhung [an’hang] Unhung [an’hang] Ne pas pendre
Unhide [an’haid] Unhid [an’hid] Unhidden [an’hidn] Ne pas cacher
Unlearn [anlen] Unlearned/unlearnt Unlearned/unlearnt Ne pas apprendre
Unstick [anstik] Unstuck [anstak] Unstuck [anstak] Se décoller
Unwind [anwaind] Unwound [anwaund] Unwound [anwaund] Dérouler, se détendre
Uphold [aphould] Upheld [apheld] Upheld [apheld] Soutenir
Upset [apset] Upset [apset] Upset [apset] Renverser
Wake [weik] Woke [wouk] waked Waked [weikd] woken Se réveiller
Waylay [weilei] Waylaid [weileid] Waylaid [weileid] Attaquer, arrêter au passage
Wear [wee] Wore [wor] Worn [won] Porter (habit)
Weave [wi:v] Wove [wouv] Woven [wouvn] Tisser, inventer (histoire)
Wed [wed] Wed [wed] wedded Wed [wed] wedded Marier, se marier
Weep [wi:p] Wept [wept] Wept [wept] Pleurer
Wet [wet] Wet [wet] wetted Wet [wet] wetted Mouiller
Win [win] Won [wan] Won [wan] Vaincre, gagner
Wind [waind] Wound [waund] Wound [waund] Enrouler, envelopper
Withdraw [wifdrou] Withdrew [wifdru] Withdrawn [wifdroun] Retirer, se retirer
Withhold [widhould] Withheld [widheld] Withheld [widheld] Retenir, remettre
Withstand [widstend] Withstood [widstud] Withstood [widstud] Résister à
Wring [ring] Wrung [rang] Wrung [rang] Serrer, tordre
Write [rait] Wrote [rout] Written [ritn] Ecrire

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 73

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON SIXTEEN

THE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY

The main parts of the human body are: the head, the trunk and the limbs
[de mein pats ove yumen bodi aa: de hed, de trank end de lims]
Les parties principales du corps humain sont: la tête, le tronc et les membres.

THE HEAD

Forehead [fo: hed] [forid] front Jow [dzou] machoire

Hair [hee] le cheveu Chin [tshin] menton
Skull [skal] le crane Face [feis] face, la figure
Brain [brein] cerveau Potraiture [potreityé] portrait
An eye [enai] un œil Cheek [tshi:k] la joue
Eyes [aiz] les yeux Cheeks [tshi:ks] les joues
Eye lid [ai lid] paupière Lip [lip] la lèvre
Eye brow [ai brau] sourcil Lips [lips] les lèvres
Eye lash [ai lesh] cil Upper lip [apé lip] la lèvre supérieure
An ear [enié] une Oreille Under lip [andé lip] la lèvre inférieure
Ears [iéz] les oreilles Lower lip [lowé lip] la lèvre inférieure
Neck [nek] cou Beard [bied] la barbe (Britich)
Throat [frout] gorge Cutton candy [katn kendi] la barbe (USA)
Nose [nouz] nez Eye sight [ai sait] la vue
Mouth [mauf] bouche Eye tooth [ai tuf] canine
Tongue [tang] langue Nasal cavity [neizl keviti] cavité nazale
Tooth [tuf] la dent Molar [moulé] molaire
Teeth [tif] les dents Incisor [in’saizé] incisive

THE TRUNK
Shoulder [shouldé] épaule Buttocks [batoks] fesses
Chest [tshest] poitrine Spinal column [spainol kolen] colonne vertébrale
Breast [brest] mamelle Rib [rib] côte
Bosom [buzem] sein d’une femme Ovule [ovyul] ovule, ovary [euveri] ovaire
Back [bek] dos Lung [lang] poumon
Belly [beli] ventre Muscles [maslz] muscles
Stomach [stamek] estomac Diaphragm [daiefrem] diaphragme
Liver [live] foie Vocal cord [vokol kod] corde vocale
Heart [hat] Coeur Wind pipe [wind paip] trachée
Intestine [in’testin] bowels [bawels] intestins Grease [griz] graisse
Fat [fet] graisse Blood [blad] sang
Marrow [merou] moèlle Blood vessel [blad vessel] vaisseau sanguin
Spinal cord [spainol kod] moèlle épinière Spermetozoom [spemetozum, spemetouzoué]
Kidney [kidni] rein spermatozoïde
Vagina [vedzainé] vagin Clavicle [klevikol] clavicule
Penis [penis] penis Collarbone [koléboun] clavicule
Hip [hip] hanche Shoulder blade [shouldé bleid] omoplate
Pregnancy [preg’nensi] grossesse Embryo [embriou] embryon
Pregnant [preg’nent] enceinte, grosse Foetus [fi:tes] fœtus

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 74

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Spleen [splin] rate

THE LIMBS [de lims] LES MEMBRES

Cell [sel] cellule Ankle [enkol] cheville
Arm [am] bras Sole [soul] plante des pieds
Arms [ams] bras Nerve [nev] nerf
Elbow [elbou] coude Tendon [‘tenden] tendon
Hands [hendz] mains Sinew [‘sinyu] tendon
Fingers [fingéz] doigts Phalanx [feleniks] phalanges
The small finger [de smol fingé] petit doigt Phalanges [felendziz] phalanges
The ring finger [de ring fingé] annulaire Finger print [fingé print] emprunte
The middle finger [de midol fingé] majeur Handshake [hendsheik] poignée de main
The fore finger [de for fingé] index Handful [hendful] poignée de main
The index finger [di indeks fingé] index Fistful [fistful] poignée de main
The thumb [de fam] pouce Pelvis [pelvis] bassin
Foot [fut] pied Pelves [pelviz] bassins
Feet [fi:t] pieds Pelvic [pelvik] pelvien
Right foot [rait fut] pied droit Pelvic bone [pelvik boun] os du bassin
Left foot [left fut] pied gauche Bone [boun] os
Nails [neilz] ongles Flesh [flesh] chair
Toes [touz] orteilles Piece of toast [pi:s ov toust] rôtie
Heels [hi:lz] talons Slice of toast [slais ov toust] rôtie
Knee [ni:] genou Knee cap [ni: kep] rotule
Thigh [fai] cuisse Patella [petelé] rotule
Leg [leg] jambe Umbilicus [ambilikes] nombril, ombilic
Calf [kaf] mollet Navel [neivl] nombril, ombilic
Anus [eines] anus Testicle [testikol] testicule
THE BODY
I see with my eyes
I hear with my ears
I smell with my nose
I taste with my tongue
I bite with my teeth
I touch with my hands
I walk with my feet
I have a head, a trunk and limbs
I have two eyes, two ears, a nose and a mouth
I have a forehead, two cheeks, two lips: upper lip and under lip and a chin
I have thirty two teeth and a tongue in my mouth
I have one neck, two shoulders, two arms and two hands
I have two legs and two feet
I have a right foot and a left foot
I have two hands, on each hand, I have five fingers: the small finger, the ring finger, the middle finger, the forefinger and the thumb.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 75

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON SEVENTEEN

USE OF PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns Reflexive Possessive Relative pronouns

pronouns
Subject Object Adjectives Pronouns
I Me Myself My Mine Who
You You Yourself Your Yours Whom
He Him Himself His His Which
She Her herself Her Hers That
It It Itself Its Its Whose
We us Ourselves Our Ours
You You Yourselves Your Yours
They Them Themselves Their Theirs

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I, we, you, he, she, they and it are called personal pronouns because they stand for the three persons:
1. The person speaking
2. The person spoken to
3. The person spoken of
The pronouns I and we, which refer to the person or persons speaking are said to be the personal pronouns
of the first person.
I am fed up. Je suis nourri
We have to go. Il faut aller.
The pronoun you, which refers to the person or persons spoken to, is said to be a personal pronoun of the
second person. Note that you has the same form for the singular and plural. Both singular and plural you are
followed by the plural verbs are and have.
You are my best friend. Tu es mon meilleur ami.
You have betrayed my trust. Vous avez trahi ma confiance
The pronouns he, she and they, which refer to the person or persons spoken of are said to be personal
pronouns of the third person.
It is also called a personal pronoun of the third person.
Personal pronouns have different forms:
The pronouns that are used as subjects of verbs are: I, he, she, they, you and we.
The personal pronouns that are used as objects of verbs are: me, him, her, them, you and us.
Note that you does not change.

Exercises:
For instance :
1. He thanked Betty and me = Il a félicité Betty et moi.
2. It is only him and you that I had told = C’est seulement lui et toi que j’avais dit.
3. I have accepted that Moreen is smarter than me= J'ai accepté que Moreen est plus malin que moi.
4. This problem is between you and me = Ce problème est entre toi et moi.
5. It was them whom I met yesterday = C’était eux que j’ai rencontré hier.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 76

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

6. It is he who is the director of this enterprise. = C’est lui qui est le directeur de cette entreprise.
7. He and I are making some breads = Lui et moi faisons des pains.
8. You and I are going to school = Toi et moi allons à l’école.
9. You and I can be world conquerors but only if we imitate Jesus and “take courage!

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Personal pronouns in the possessive case have the following forms: mine, his, hers, theirs, yours and
ours.
Note that the possessive pronouns shall not be confused with the possessive adjectives my, his, her,
their, your and our. The possessive adjectives are used before nouns.
Compare:
1. This is my dog. (Here the possessive adjective my qualifies the noun dog.) C’est mon chien.
2. Those are their books. (Here the possessive adjective their qualifies the noun books.)
3. This dog is mine. Ce chien est le mien
4. Those books are theirs. Ces livres sont les leurs.
5. This is my coat. Where is yours? Voici mon manteau. Où est le vôtre ?
6. This pen is for me or this pen is mine = Ce stylo est pour moi ou ce stylo est le mien.
7. My pen is here, yours is over there = Mon stylo est ici, le tien est là.
8. Her brother is suffering from diarrhea = Son frère souffre de la diarrhée.
9. The dog bit its own tail. = Le chien a mordu sa propre queue.
10. Our teacher’s name is Nkodia. = Le nom de notre professeur est Nkodia.
11. This house belongs to James and Mary, it is theirs = Cette maison appartient à Jacques et Marie, c’est la leur.
12. She has got her degree = Elle a obtenu son diplôme.
13. It is not your fault but theirs = Ce n’est pas ta faute mais la leur.
14. This necklace belongs to her. They do not belong to you. Ce collier lui appartient. Ils ne vous
appartiennent pas.
16. This necklace is hers, not yours. Ce collier est le sien, pas vôtre.
17. This car belongs to him. It does not belong to me. Cette voiture lui appartient. Elle ne m'appartient
pas.
18. This car is his, not mine. Cette voiture est la sienne, pas la mienne.

JESUS’ MODEL PRAYER

Our father in the heavens
Let your name be sanctified
Let your Kingdom come
Let your will take place, as in heavens, also on earth
Give us today our bread for this day
And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors
And do not bring us into temptations
But deliver us from the wicked one

Personal pronouns exercise

Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
1. John and Peter are brothers. I know …….very well and my father likes …………very much.
2. This book has many interesting pictures and stories. I like ………very much.
3. The woman gave sweets to the children, but …………did not thank ……………………
4. The teacher said, ‘John, you’re a naughty boy. …………don’t obey ……………………’

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 77

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

5. The boys were late so the teacher scolded …………………………..

6. We have a good teacher. ………………advised …………to work harder.
7. My father told my mother, ‘I want …………to take these jewels and put ………………in a box.
When……………have done that come and see ……………and ……………will tell …………… don’t want
…………. to keep ……………………. in that box.
SUBJECT WORD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES
We have already learned that a sentence has two parts – the subject and the predicate. Le sujet et le
prédicat.
The subject may consist of one word or several words. When it consists of just one word, that word
is usually a noun, a pronoun or an –ing form.
When the subject consists of several words, there is always one word in it which is more important than the
other words. The most important word in the subject is called the subject word or simple subject.
Consider the sentence given below.
My little sister is quite fond of puppies. Ma petite soeur est très friande de chiots
Here the subject consists of three words – my little sister, but the subject word is the noun sister.
The subject word is always a noun or a word or phrase that serves the same purpose as a noun.
She tried her best. Elle a fait de son mieux (Here the subject word ‘she’ is a pronoun.)
Barking dogs seldom bite. Les chiens qui aboient mordent rarement
(Here the subject word ‘dogs’ is a noun.)
Talking too much is a sign of vanity. Parler trop, est un signe de vanité
(Subject – talking too much; subject word – talking)
To find fault with others is easy. Trouver la faute des autres est facile
(Subject – to find fault with others; subject word – to find fault)
The subject word can be qualified by an adjective or another word/phrase that serves the same
purpose as an adjective.
The word or phrase that qualifies the subject is called its enlargement or attribute. L'élargissement ou
l'attribut.
Janet’s father is an architect. Père de Janette est un architecte
(Subject – Janet’s father; subject word – father; enlargement – Janet’s)
His desire to excel is commendable. Son désir de se distinguer est louable
(Subject – his desire to excel; subject word – desire; attributes – his, to excel)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Exercise
Combine the following pairs of sentences using possessive pronouns or adjectives.
1. It is your problem. It is not my problem.
2. It is his responsibility. It is not my responsibility.
3. The property belongs to us. It does not belong to them.
4. He writes the lyrics. She composes the tunes.
5. One of these cars belongs to me and the others belong to him.
6. We make the investment. They take the profit.
7. The apartment belongs to me but the furniture belongs to my father.
8. The children are mine. They are not his.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
1. I am not quite myself = Je ne suis pas dans mon assiette. Je ne suis pas tout à fait moi-même
2. I’ve hurt myself = Je me suis blessé.
3. Have you hurt yourself? = T’es-tu blessé ?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 78

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

4. Keep it for yourself = Gardez-ça pour vous-même.

5. He doesn’t want to do it himself = Il ne veut pas le faire lui-même.
6. Every man for himself and God for us all = Chacun pour soi et Dieu pour tous.
7. They will make that job by themselves = Ils feront ce travail par eux-mêmes.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS IN SUBJECT POSITION

Consider the following sentences.
‘Nice job. Who did this?’ ‘Myself and Jane.’ « Beau travail. Qui a fait cela ? » "Moi-même et Jane.
Do you think ‘myself’ is correctly used in the above sentence? Pensez-vous que « moi-même » est
correctement utilisé dans la phrase ci-dessus
Words like ‘myself’, ‘yourself’, ‘himself’, ‘herself’ etc., are reflexive pronouns.
The reflexive pronouns are used when the object of the verb refers to the same person as the subject.
Consider the sentence given below.
He cut himself shaving. Il s'est coupé le rasage.
Here the subject and the object refer to the same person, so instead of writing ‘He cut him shaving’, we write
‘He cut himself’.
Ici le sujet et l'objet se référer à la même personne, donc au lieu d'écrire "Il a coupé il", nous écrivons
"Il s'est coupé".
The poor widow killed herself. (NOT The poor widow killed her.) La pauvre veuve suicidée.
She quickly established herself as a writer. Elle s'est rapidement imposée comme un écrivain.
Reflexive pronouns are also used for emphasis. Pronoms réfléchis servent aussi de mettre l'accent
He dressed the wound himself. Il a fait le pansement de la plaie lui-même.
Here the reflexive pronoun ‘himself’ is not the object of the verb. It is merely used for emphasis and can be
removed from the sentence without causing any grammatically. It is therefore called an emphatic pronoun.
The minister himself announced this. Le ministre lui-même a annoncé cela.
An emphatic pronoun can go immediately after the noun it emphasizes or it can go after the verb.
So, for example, you can write:
I heard this myself. OR I myself heard this. J'ai entendu moi-même. Ou j'ai entendu cela.
He cooked the dinner himself. OR He himself cooked the dinner. Il a fait cuire le dîner lui-même. Ou il a
lui-même fait cuire le dîner.
In expressions like ‘myself and John’, the reflexive is used in the subject position. While this is not exactly
considered as correct or standard, in some varieties of English, it is very common.
For example, in Irish English, the reflexives are often used in the subject position.
Par exemple, en anglais irlandais, les reflexives sont souvent utilisés dans le poste en cause.
Interestingly, in Irish English, the first-person reflexive ‘myself’ can go before second- and third-person
pronouns.
=Fait intéressant, en anglais irlandais, la première personne « moi-même » réflexive peut aller devant les pronoms de
deuxième et troisième personne.
In ‘standard’ English, however, first person pronouns go after second- and third-person pronouns.
The reflexive is used in the subject position in some other varieties of English as well. So you may also hear
sentences like :
Le réflexif est utilisé dans la position de sujet dans certaines autres variétés de l'anglais aussi bien. Donc vous pouvez aussi
entendre des phrases telles que :
John and myself went to the park. John et moi sommes allés au parc.
Myself and my family live in this house. Moi et ma famille vivons dans cette maison.

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 79

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Relative pronouns
When words like who, which and that are used to introduce relative clauses, they are often called relative
pronouns. Relative pronouns can be the subjects of verbs in relative clauses.
Note that who is used to refer to people and which is used to refer to things.
That can be used to refer to both people and things.
Who is that fat woman who sits next to James? (NOT Who is that fat woman which sits next to James?)
Qui est cette grosse femme qui s'assoit à côté de James
The people that live next door aren’t very sociable. OR The people who live next door aren’t very
sociable. (That can refer to both people and things.)
Les personnes qui vivent à côté ne sont pas très sociables. Ou les gens qui vivent à côté ne sont pas très sociable.

What happened to those hundred pounds which I lent you? OR What happened to those hundred
pounds that I lent you? (Both which and that can refer to things.)
Qu'est-il arrivé à ces centaines de livres que je vous ai prêtés ?
Relative pronouns can also be the objects of verbs in relative clauses.
Note that in a formal style, who is not normally used as an object. Instead, we use whom.
She married someone whom I really admire. (Formal) she married someone who really admires.
Elle s’est mariée avec quelqu'un que j'admire vraiment.
She married someone who I really admire. (Informal)

RELATIVE CLAUSES AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Clauses beginning with question words (e.g. who, which, where) are often used to identify people and things.
Clauses used like this are called relative clauses. They can also be called adjective clauses.
Examples are given below.
1. James, who is my neighbor, is a well-known painter. James, qui est mon voisin, est un peintre bien connu.
(Here the relative clause ‘who is my neighbor’ gives more information about the noun James.)
2. This is the house that my grandfather built. Voici la maison que mon grand-père a construite.
(Here the relative clause ‘that my grandfather built’ gives more information about the noun house.)
3. I have never met the people who live next door. Je n'ai jamais rencontré les gens qui vivent à côté.
(Here the relative clause ‘who live next door’ identify the noun people.)
4. I know a girl who works in a pub. Je connais une fille qui travaille dans un restaurant.
5. I have found the keys that you were looking for. J'ai trouvé les clés que vous cherchiez.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS USED TO INTRODUCE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

We have already learned that an adjective clause is a group of words that works like an adjective.
Adjectives are used to modify nouns.
In the same way, adjective clauses are also used to modify nouns.
In this lesson we will take a look at the five relative pronouns used to introduce adjective clauses.
a) Note that adjective clauses are also called relative clauses.
The most common adjective clauses begin with the relative pronouns who, which and that.
b) Note that who is only used to refer to people and which is only used to refer to things.
That can be used to refer to both people and things.
The other two relative pronouns used to introduce adjective clauses are whose and whom.
Whose is the possessive form of who.
Whom is the object form of who.
1. The girl, whose brother we met in the morning, is my sister’s classmate.
Here the relative pronoun whose shows the relationship between the girl and her brother.
2. Whom can replace object pronouns (him, her, them etc.)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 80

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Who and whom are often confused.

̶ The man, whose father lives at Goma, is my jobmate.
Although it is possible to use whom instead of who in a less formal style, you have to keep the distinction
between these forms in academic writing.
c) Note that when whom is used in a sentence, it will be immediately followed by another noun / pronoun and verb.
Who, on the other hand, acts as the subject of the relative clause and hence it is not immediately followed by
another noun.
̶ She married a rich guy whom I have known for quite some time. Elle a épousé un riche que j’ai connu depuis un certain temps.
(Note that whom is immediately followed by another pronoun.)
She married an engineer who was my senior at university. Elle a épousé un ingénieur qui a été mon ainé à l'Université.
(NOT She married an engineer whom was my senior at university)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 81

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

LESSON EIGHTEEN

USE OF SOME AND ANY

1. Some

The words some and any are used when the speaker cannot specify or does not need/want to specify a
number or an exact amount. Compare the following sentences:
• I saw seven deer when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. J'ai vu sept cerfs quand je roulais à vélo dans la forêt hier.
(It is important that you know how many deer I saw.)
• I saw some deer when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. J'ai vu quelques cerfs quand je roulais à vélo dans la forêt hier.
(I don't know exactly how many deer I saw. Or: It is not important that you know exactly how many deer I saw.)

The "rules" that follow apply also to words containing some and any: somebody/anybody, something/anything, etc.
In general, some is used in positive sentences : En général, some est utilisé dans les phrases positives
1) I got some nice presents for Christmas this year. J'ai eu quelques beaux cadeaux pour Noël cette
année.
2) This job is going to take some time. Ce travail va prendre quelque temps.
3) Look! There are some large black birds on the roof of the church. Vois ! Il y a quelques gros oiseaux noirs sur le toit de l'église.
4) You have some butter on your chin. Vous avez quelque beurre sur ton menton.
5) If you are hungry, there are some biscuits in the cupboard. Si vous avez faim, il y a quelques biscuits dans l’armoire.
6) I'm sure I'll return to Japan some day. Je suis sûr que je retournerai au Japon un jour.
7) There is somebody on the phone for you. Il y a quelqu'un au téléphone pour vous.
8) I'd like to go somewhere hot this summer. Je voudrais aller à un endroit chaud cet été.

2. Any
In general, any is used in negative sentences and questions:
En général, any est utilisé dans les questions et les phrases négatives
1) I didn't get any nice presents for Christmas this year. Je n'ai pas eu de beaux cadeaux pour Noël cette année.
2) I looked in the cupboard but I couldn't find any biscuits. J'ai regardé dans l'armoire, mais je ne trouvais pas les biscuits
3) I don't need any help. Je n'ai besoin d'aucune aide.
4) She's so rude. No wonder she doesn't have any friends. Elle est si rude. Pas d’étonnant, qu'elle n'ait pas d'amis.
5) I don't have anything to wear to the dance. Je n'ai rien à porter à la danse.
6) I'm not hungry. I don't want anything to eat. Je n'ai pas faim. Je ne veux rien à manger.
7) Do you have any brothers or sisters? Avez-vous des frères et sœurs ?
8) Did you catch any fish? Avez-vous attrapé des poissons ?
9) Have you seen any good films recently? Avez-vous vu quelques bons films récemment ?
10) Does anyone know the answer? Est-ce que quelqu'un sait la réponse ?
11) Are you going anywhere this Christmas? Allez-vous n'importe où ce Noël ?

In fact, the use of some/any is a little more complicated. Following are two common occasions when the above
"rules" are "broken":
1. We can use some in questions when offering/requesting:
- Would you like some more tea? Vous désirez un thé plus ?
- Could I have some milk, please? Je pourrais avoir du lait, s'il vous plaît ?

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 82

 ENGLISH COURSE FIRST LEVEL FROM L.S.C

Do you want something to eat? Voulez-vous quelque chose à manger ?

2. We use any in positive sentences when we mean it doesn't matter which …
Nous utilisons any dans les phrases positives quand nous avons l’idée de n'importe qui …
Examples:
- You can come and ask for my help any time. Vous pouvez venir et demander mon aide n'importe quel moment.
- Which book shall I read? - Any one. It's up to you. Quel livre je le lis ? – N’importe lequel. C'est à vous.
- You can sit anywhere but here. This is my seat!
Vous pouvez vous asseoir n'importe où mais ici. Voici mon siège !

Exercises:

Insert in blanket spaces by some or any

Q1. If you’re hungry there’s ............. pizza in the fridge. (some, any)
Q2. Did you see .............. good films while you were in London? (some, any)
Q3. Do you have ............ brothers or sisters? (some, any)
Q4. You need to buy ............. new shoes. Those are falling apart! (some, any)
Q5. I saw ............. deer in the forest yesterday. (some, any)
Q6. Would you like ................... cheese? (some, any)
Q7. Are you going shopping? • No, I don’t need .............. food today. (some, any)
Q8. Do you have .............. good DVDs I could borrow? (some, any)
Q9. Sorry, you can’t have a milkshake. There isn’t ................ more milk. (some, any)
Q10. Have you ................ idea who took your dictionary? (some, any)
Q11. I’m visiting London next week. I’ve got .............. friends there. (some, any)
Q12. I’m afraid I have .............. bad news for you. (some, any)
Q13. Are there .................. letters for me? (some, any)
Q14. This job is going to take .................. time. (some, any)
Q15. Do you have..................... time for me after lunch today? (some, any)
Q16. My parents are happy. I got .............. very good grades in my report. (some, any)
Q17. You won’t have ...............friends if you’re always in such a bad mood. (some, any)
Q18. Are the computers free? - Yes, you can use ................ one you like. (some, any)
Q19. I forgot to buy ...... cheese. (some, any)
Q20. ...... student who comes late to the dance will not be allowed to enter. (some, any)
Q21. ................ people never say please or thank you. (some, any)
Q22. There is hardly ................. money left in our bank account. (some, any)

Practice makes perfect and in Jehovah we trust Page 83