#_ Becoming a BackEnd Engineer RoadMap
🎓 1. Computer Science Fundamentals (Understanding core concepts that
fuel the technology)
├── 💻 Basics of Computers & How They Work
├── 📊 Data Structures
├── 💡 Algorithms
├── 🌐 Networking Fundamentals
└── 🗃️ Database Fundamentals
🌍 2. Internet Basics (As a back-end engineer, understanding how the
internet works is crucial)
├── 🌐 Understanding How the Internet Works
├── 🚀 Basics of DNS & Hosting
├── 🔐 HTTP/HTTPS & APIs
└── 📩 Email & SMTP
🔁 3. Version Control System (Manage and track changes to your code)
└── 📚 Git
├── 📝 Basic Commands
├── 🌿 Branching & Merging
└── 🤼♀️ Conflict Resolution
👩💻 4. Programming Languages (Choose at least one, learn the syntax and
principles)
├── 🐍 Python
├── 🟪 Node.js (JavaScript)
├── ☕ Java
├── 💎 Ruby
├── 🐘 PHP
├── 🦀 Rust
└── 🦪 Go
By: Waleed Mousa
🧭 5. Middleware (Enhance request/response processing pipelines)
├── 🌐 Express Middleware (Node.js)
└── 🐍 Django Middleware (Python)
🔗 6. Object-Relational Mapping (Interact with your database with your
language of choice)
├── 🗄️ Sequelize (JavaScript)
├── 📚 Hibernate (Java)
└── 🐍 SQLAlchemy (Python)
🏗️ 7. Understanding and Writing APIs (Learn to develop and use APIs)
├── 🗒️ REST
├── 🧬 GraphQL
└── 🕹️ Websockets
🌐 8. Deep Dive into GraphQL (Explore more about this modern data query
and manipulation language)
├── 📘 Writing Schema & Resolvers
└── 🔑 Authentication & Authorization with GraphQL
🧱 9. Databases (Learn to store, retrieve, and manipulate data)
├── 🐘 SQL Databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL)
├── 🌿 NoSQL Databases (MongoDB, Cassandra)
├── 🔑 Key-value Stores (Redis, Memcached)
├── 📑 Document Stores (MongoDB, CouchDB)
├── 🔍 Full-text Search Engines (Elasticsearch)
└── 🌐 Graph Databases (Neo4j, Amazon Neptune)
💾 10. Advanced Databases (Explore more types of databases for specific
use-cases)
├── 🌐 Distributed Databases (CockroachDB)
├── 📊 Columnar Databases (Redshift)
├── ⏳ Time-series Databases (InfluxDB)
└── 💾 In-memory Databases (Redis)
By: Waleed Mousa
⚙️ 11. Learning about Servers (Understand and manage servers)
├── 🐧 Linux Basics and Command Line
├── 🧰 Server Configuration (nginx, Apache)
├── 🚀 Deployment (VPS providers: Digital Ocean, Linode, AWS EC2)
├── 🐳 Docker (Containerization)
├── 🍴 Kubernetes (Container Orchestration)
└── ☁️ Cloud Providers (AWS, GCP, Azure)
🔐 12. Web Security Knowledge (Protect your application and data)
├── 🔒 HTTPS
├── 🧱 CORS
├── 🛡️ OWASP Security Risks
└── 🌐 JWT
🧩 13. Backend Frameworks (Choose one based on your language of choice)
├── 🖼️ Django (Python)
├── 💠 Flask (Python)
├── 🔔 Express.js (Node.js)
├── 🚀 Spring Boot (Java)
├── 🚂 Rails (Ruby)
└── 🎠 Laravel (PHP)
🚀 14. Architectural Patterns (Learn to structure your applications)
├── 🧭 MVC Architecture
├── 📦 Microservices
└── 🗄️ Serverless Architecture
🧪 15. Testing (Ensure your application works as expected)
├── 📝 Unit Testing
├── 🔄 Integration Testing
└── 🌐 End-to-End Testing
By: Waleed Mousa
🛠️ 16. CI/CD (Automate the process from code to deployment)
├── 🔄 Continuous Integration
├── 🚀 Continuous Deployment
└── 🧰 Tools (Docker, Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab)
🚀 17. Scalability and High Availability (Manage system growth
efficiently)
├── 📈 Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling
├── 🗂️ Stateless Applications
├── ⏫ Redundancy & Failover Strategies
└── ⚖️ Load Distribution
🔮 18. Service Mesh (Manage service-to-service communication in complex
services)
├── 🌐 Istio
└── 🌐 Linkerd
🔀 19. API Design Principles and Best Practices (Create efficient,
secure and user-friendly APIs)
└── 📚 RESTful API Design
└── 🌐 GraphQL API Design
🏎️ 20. Performance (Ensure your services are fast and efficient)
├── 🖥️ Load Balancing
├── 🧠 Caching
├── 📈 Profiling
└── 🌐 Monitoring and Alerts (Prometheus, Grafana)
By: Waleed Mousa
🧩 21. Advanced Topics (Delve deeper into back-end technologies and
principles)
├── 📚 Message Brokers (RabbitMQ, Kafka)
├── 🗃️ Event-Driven Architecture
├── 🚀 Real-Time Communication (WebSockets, Server-Sent Events)
├── 🔐 Advanced Security (OAuth, OpenID, SAML, Encryption & Hashing)
├── 🧬 Distributed Systems (Clustering, Sharding, Replication)
├── 🌐 Content Delivery Network (CDN)
├── 🏗️ Design Patterns (Singleton, Factory, Decorator, Observer,
Module)
├── 🖧 Networking (TCP/IP, UDP, WebRTC)
└── 📖 DevOps Tools and Practices (Ansible, Chef, Puppet, Terraform,
Monitoring, Logging)
By: Waleed Mousa
