GLOBAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024/25

Module title and code: Engineering Project Management

(UFMF77-15 M)

Assessment type: Individual Report

Assessment title: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Rural

Road Construction Project Road No 216 (A&B)

Student name:

Student no:
 Table of contents

1.
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………
……………….1

2. WBS and network

diagram………………………………………………………………… 3

3. Stakeholders
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5

4. Risk management
……………………………………………………………………………… 7

5. Lesson learnt
………………………………………………………………………………………
9

6. References
………………………………………………………………………………………
….12
Abstract

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is an Important

initiative by the Government of India which would make sure that the
rural connectivity through all weather roads is maintained. This
initiative is very important for improving access to essential services
such as education, healthcare and markets as it would ensure
socioeconomic developments in rural areas. The methodology
employed in the project involves a comprehensive approach which
includes stakeholder engagement, various risk management strategies
and key stakeholders which will be discussed elaborately within the
project. The use of geographic information system technology is very
important in the route planning and various environmental
assessments which would make sure the project is both sustainable
and effective. The anticipated outcomes of the project include
improved Rd. access for over 5000 villages and increase opportunities
for employment as by reducing travel time and other problems the
project would be aiming to elevate property and promote inclusive
growth as this would make sure the original objectives are considered.
This initiative would also be representing a significant step towards
making sure that the national economy is contributing to the
sustainable development (Kumar et al., 2020).
Section 1

Project Activities and Work Breakdown Structure

(WBS)

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Level 1: Main Project Activities

1. Earthwork and Drainage

2. Bridgework
3. Roadwork
4. Miscellaneous

Level 2 & 3 Activities:

1. Earthwork and Drainage

• Cleaning and Grubbing
• Excavation 1
• Construct Culverts
• Excavation 2
• Build Underdrains (Storm Sewers, Drainage Structures)
2. Bridgework
• Construct Bridge A Embankments
 • Construct Bridge A Substructure
• Construct Bridge A Superstructure
• Construct Bridge B Embankments
• Construct Bridge B Substructure
• Construct Bridge B Superstructure
3. Roadwork
• Fine Grade and Place Sub-base
• Construct Pavements
• Construct Shoulders and Berms
• Roadside Improvements
4. Miscellaneous
• Contractor Mobilization
• Erect Guard Rails and Fences
• Install Lighting, Signs, and Road Markings
• Clean-up and Acceptance

Project Activities

1. Initial Mobilization
• Contractor brings men and machinery to the site.
2. Earthwork and Drainage
• Clearing and Grubbing: Clear the construction area.
• Excavation 1: Begin excavation before culverts and drainage.
• Construct Culverts: Build the culverts for drainage.
• Excavation 2: Complete further excavation for additional
structures.
• Build Underdrains: Install drainage structures including storm
sewers.
 3. Bridgework
• Construct the embankments for Bridge A and Bridge B.
• Build the substructures for Bridge A and Bridge B.
• Complete the superstructures for both bridges.
4. Roadwork
• Fine grading to prepare the road base.
• Place the sub-base for the road.
• Pavement construction to create the road surface.
• Add shoulders and berms to support the road.
• Perform roadside improvements (e.g., slope trimming).
5. Miscellaneous
• Erect guard rails and fences for road safety.
• Install street lighting and traffic signs.
• Paint road markings for traffic management.
• Clean-up the site for final inspection and acceptance.
6. Final Activities
• Roadside improvement (sodding, seeding, slope trimming).
• Maintenance: Five years of routine maintenance by the
contractor.

Network Diagram (Arrows Layout) (can you make this

in boxes following each other in A3 page. So each box
will have the activity)

Start --> A --> B --> C --> D --> E --> F --> G --> H --> I --> J
--> K --> L --> M --> N --> O --> End
 |--> P1 --> P2 --> P3 -->|
| -->|
|--> Q1 --> Q2 --> Q3 -->|

--> R --> S --> T --> U

Key:

Main Road Construction Sequence:

• A: Contractor Mobilization
• B: Cleaning and Grubbing
• C: Excavation 1
• D: Construct Culverts
• E: Excavation 2
• F: Build Underdrains
• G: Fine Grade and Place Sub-base
• H: Construct Pavements
• I: Construct Shoulders and Berms
• J: Roadside Improvements
• K: Erect Guard Rails and Fences
• L: Install Lighting, Signs, Painting
• M: Clean-up and Acceptance

Bridge A and B Construction (Simultaneous):

• P1: Construct Bridge A Embankments

• P2: Construct Bridge A Substructure
• P3: Construct Bridge A Superstructure
• Q1: Construct Bridge B Embankments
• Q2: Construct Bridge B Substructure
 • Q3: Construct Bridge B Superstructure

Final Miscellaneous Activities:

• R: Install Guard Rails and Fences

• S: Install Lighting and Traffic Signs
• T: Paint Road Surface Markings
• U: Clean-up and Acceptance

Early and Late Start Planning in Resource and

Cost/Budget Planning

The Early and Late Start Planning helps in the Effective allocation
of resources and management of cost by knowing the best time to
initiate a task which is early start as while still maintaining flexibility for
scheduling which is late start early start is crucial as the work initiates
as quickly as the resources are available which avoids delays. The late
start will allow the project manager to coordinate noncritical tasks until
later which would help optimizing resource allocation and lower the
idle time. In the resource planning comma early start planning would
be helpful as the workers and machines will be utilized in a proper way
which would avoid bottlenecks and this late start planning on the other
hand would be freeing up resources for important task whenever
needed. Moreover in cost budget planning, early start would help
control labor and material costs by making sure that the tasks are not
delayed and there are potentially preventions of cost escalation as late
start would be providing room to mitigate financial contingency and
delay expenditures on the non critical activities. Finally by balancing
early and start dates, projects like this would avoid over allocation of
resources and potential budget overruns.

Critical Path Method (CPM) and its Significance

The Critical Path Method (CPM) is Important as it is useful in

identification of the longest sequence of tasks that must be done on
time for the complete project to be done within the scheduled
duration. In the project, tasks such as excavation, constructing culverts
and pavement work are more likely to be on the critical path. Moreover
understanding the critical path will aid project managers to focus on
the highest priority activities which would make sure that they are
completed without any details. As any delay in these tasks will impact
the project completion date, as CPM ensures efficient monitoring and
control on the project timelines.

Granularity of the WBS

The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for The project is broken

down into various levels such as earthwork, road work, bridgework and
miscellaneous activities. The granularity is enough for managing the
various tasks such as culvert constructions, pavement work and bridge
embankments at Level 3 which makes it much easier to track progress
and allocate resources with the management of costs.
Section 2

Stakeholders’ Role, Influence, and Impact

• Contractor (Ram Kripal Singh Construction): The primary

contractor is responsible for implementing the execution of the road
construction and their performance is directly affecting the project
timeliness and the quality of the work as delay or resource problems
from the contractor would affect the project success.
• Government of Bihar: It includes the supreme intent, Sr.
pandey, Executive Engineers, (R.K. Choubey, S.K. Chatterjee), and
others. they tend to provide an overall oversight of project which is
ensuring compliance with standards and coordinating the various
agencies as their influence as high as they are projects main decision
takers.
 World Bank: The world's bank involvement is very important for
fund disbursement and with the accordance to global standard as
their approval would impact the project's financial viability.
• Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change
(MOEF): it provides environmental clearances and ensures
accordance with environmental standards as delays in improves can
halt the project.
• Local Community: it is represented by the local residents and
the local administration as they influence the projects public
acceptance and the other processes such as land acquisition.
• Engineers (Electrical and Telecom): They are responsible for
Relocating and planning the utility as this would impact the
construction timeline and the integration within infrastructure.

Stakeholders’ Relevance to Project Success

• Contractor: Their timely mobilization and task execution helps
to make sure the project is on track and effective management of the
resources will be crucial for meeting the tight deadlines.
Impact: (significant or High or moderate or low).
Impact level justification: xxxxx
The above applicable to all stakeholders
• Government of Bihar: Their role in approving plans, managing
budgets Along with the coordination of activities for ensuring that
the project follows national standards as their involvement is very
responsible for resolving the administrative issues which would arise.
• World Bank: Their financial support ensures the project’s
budgetary Needs are being met properly as the oversight ensures
accountability and accordance to the international practices and
environmental guidelines.
• MOEF: without the timely environmental clearances the project
done phase various delays which could make their involvement very
important for the continuing process.
• Local Community: They are essential for maintaining social
harmony along with ensuring that the project would not face land
acquisition delays as the satisfaction contributes to other projects
sustainability.
• Utility Engineers: Delays in relocating electrical and telecom
infrastructure would be halting construction activities as they rolled
ensure smooth coordinations of important services.
Communication and Engagement Strategies

• Regular Meetings: It helps in weekly progress reviews which

will be involving all stakeholders ensuring that everything is aligned
with the project goals and timeline
• Clear Documentation: the detailed project reports would be
shared with the stakeholders such as world bank and MOF for
ensuring there is compliance with standards.
• Community Engagement: Regular consultations with the
leaders and residents for addressing concerns and avoiding
distractions and will also be helpful to maintain public support.
• Specialized Task Forces: The engineering and environmental
teams would form specific task forces were handling critical areas
such as relocation and environmental compliance so that the
expertise is effectively utilized.

Significance of Stakeholder Management

The effective stakeholder management is very important for

minimizing the risk related in the project and dailies. In the context of
the project for Rd. #216, it is very important that proactive
engagement with important stakeholders such as government officials
government contractors and the local authorities will ensure that the
project remains on schedule and meets it quality benchmarks. The
significance of stakeholder management is also crucial as it would be
aligning the needs and interests of each stakeholder which has been
already discussed as the project can avoid common pitfalls such as
delays in funds common land acquisition problems and environmental
compliance hurdles. So with the stakeholder management it ensures
that there is maximum success towards achieving the goals for the
organization.
Section 3
Risk Management

Identified Risks – Please ensure identify all risks.

The risks that were being identified was initially technical risks as it
involved equipment failure and environmental compliance in it. The
equipment failure was found due to delays due to malfunctioning of
the machines while earth working or bridge working process were
being carried out. The environmental compliance was due to delays in
acquiring MOF clearance which would be disrupting the construction
schedule.
Make risk matrix at here– below only example. Please add something
fit for porpose. And address all risks in the risk matrix.

Financial risk

The financial risk known to be was budget overruns and delayed

payments from the World Bank. As the budget overruns was due to
unexpected cost increments in the various materials or labor could
stretch the budget specifically for the construction of bridges. Then
the delayed payments from World Bank was possible due to
financial disbursements could be delayed due to slowing down of
the project due to lower funds.

Schedule related risks

 The weather conditions and resource availability were known to be
the risks as initially whether conditions involved monsoon or
flooding which led to significant delayed activities such as
excavation and road work fullstop the resource availability involve
lack of timely mobilization of labor or equipment which extended
the project duration.

Impact of Risks

The impact of risks was severe initially equipment failure was known
to be the main impact which would lead to downtime and increase the
overall project duration and possibly lead to cost overruns if
replacements are too costly. Environmental compliance delays were
also known to be risky as they would stop the work indefinitely which
would lead to substantial delays. The budget overruns if not managed
could lead to project abandonment. The weather delays as monsoons
could haul the outdoor construction activities and impact the
scheduling. The resource unavailability was also a risk as delays in
labor would push back all the task in the network diagram to make it
hard to meet deadlines.

Mitigation Plans

The mitigation plans can be given initially for equipment failure,

implementation of regular maintenance checks would avoid significant
delays. Then for environmental compliance a clearance process must
be started to maintain regular communication with the MOEF to
expedite approvals. For budget overruns, a buffer must be created in
the budget for unforeseen expenses to track the cost regularly to avoid
escalation. For weather delays a plan must be set up which would have
temporary structures to protect machinery from weather damage. then
for resource unavailability a database of alternative suppliers must be
maintained and contractors to fill in the resource gaps as required.

Contingency Plans

The contingency plans for high impact risks that can be fully mitigated
would be involving initially for weather delays, will slack into the
schedule and prepare other alternative indoor tasks that can be
completed during bad weather as that would be ideal for this risk.
Then for budget overruns, an emergency funding has to be accessed
or cut the cost in non critical areas for reallocating resources as that
would be the ideal contingency plan.

Prioritization and Innovative Solutions

The prioritization can be carried out as initially high priority risks such
as whether delays and budget overruns must be focused on so that
they cannot hamper the project. As innovative solutions like predictive
weather technology and budgeting dynamically with constant
adjustments would help to mitigate these risks.
then the best practices must be adopted like just in time inventory
management for prevention of resource waste and using the real time
project management software for constant tracking of expenses and
schedules.
Lessons Learnt:

Successful Aspects & Unsuccessful Aspects

The Effective Stakeholder Engagement as Constant meetings and
involvement with all important players for example, contractor, local
authorities have assisted in the maintenance of transparency and
solving the problems like land acquisition without delays. Then the
detailed WBS and task sequencing is also the successful aspect as
these activities were broken down and monitored efficiently which
helps in a clear understanding of the tasks. The resource mobilization
delays is One of it as the timely mobilization of equipments and the
labour led to some delays has highlighted the import stands for better
resource planning and the weather related delays as well as the
projects vulnerability was found to be underestimated which led to
further delays.

Actionable Recommendations

The recommendations can be initially given as the early risk

assessments must be enhanced as integration of risk assessment at
the very start of the project would ensure contingency plans are in
place for critical risks. The improvement for resource management
must also be carried out as implementation of project management
software for tracking resource availability in real time and mitigating
delays must also be present. Then adapting to local conditions is a
recommendation as future projects would be considering regional
weather patterns more seriously and adjusting these schedules would
be important to avoid disruptions.
References

• Gupta, R., & Sharma, P. (2021). Rural Road Development in India:

Stakeholder Perspectives. Journal of Infrastructure Development,
5(3), 55-63.
• Kumar, S., Mishra, P., & Sinha, R. (2020). Project Management
Practices in Rural Infrastructure. International Journal of Construction
Management, 12(2), 20-35.
• Patel, K., & Patel, V. (2018). Effective Stakeholder Management in
Indian Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Project Management, 34(4),
49-58.
• Sinha, M. (2019). Challenges in Rural Road Construction in India:
The Role of Contractors and Subcontractors. Construction
Management Review, 7(4), 112-120.

• Gupta, R., & Sharma, P. (2021). Rural Road Development in India:

Stakeholder Perspectives. Journal of Infrastructure Development,
5(3), 55-63.
• Kumar, S., Mishra, P., & Sinha, R. (2020). Project Management
Practices in Rural Infrastructure. International Journal of Construction
Management, 12(2), 20-35.
• Patel, K., & Patel, V. (2018). Effective Stakeholder Management in
Indian Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Project Management, 34(4),
49-58.
• Sinha, M. (2019). Challenges in Rural Road Construction in India:
The Role of Contractors and Subcontractors. Construction
Management Review, 7(4), 112-120.
• Gupta, R., & Sharma, P. (2021). Rural Road Development in India:
Stakeholder Perspectives. Journal of Infrastructure Development,
5(3), 55-63.
• Kumar, S., Mishra, P., & Sinha, R. (2020). Project Management
Practices in Rural Infrastructure. International Journal of Construction
Management, 12(2), 20-35.
• Mishra, R., & Roy, A. (2022). Social Engagement in Rural
Infrastructure Projects: Case Studies in India. Journal of Community
Development, 45(1), 78-90.
• Patel, K., & Patel, V. (2018). Effective Stakeholder Management in
Indian Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Project Management, 34(4),
49-58.
• Sinha, M. (2019). Challenges in Rural Road Construction in India:
The Role of Contractors and Subcontractors. Construction
Management Review, 7(4), 112-120.