Islamic Civilization

Marks: 206

Part A - Multiple Choices

1. Which of the following people was the author of the Book of Roger?
A. Al-Idrisi
B. Al-Biruni
C. Ibn Rushd
D. Al-Zahrawi

□
##A##

2. Which place did Muhammad and his followers migrate to in AD 622?

A. Mecca
B. Muslim
C. Hegira
D. Medina

□
##D##

3. Who made significant contributions to Arabic mathematics?

A. Al-Razi
B. Al-Zahrawi
C. Ibn Sina
D. Al-Khwarizmi


##D##
4. Which year is the first year of the Islamic calendar?
A. AD 10
B. AD 610 CE
C. AD 622 CE
D. AD 630 CE


##C##

5. When did China develop the Maritime Silk Road?

A. 7th century
B. 8th century
C. 9th century
D. 10th century

□
##B##

6. Who started the 'Translation Movement'?

A. Roman scholars
B. Islamic scholars
C. Greek scholars
D. Chinese scholars

□
##B##

7. Which of the following are classic works of Arabic literature?

i. Book of Kings
ii. One Thousand and One Nights
iii. Comprehensive Book on Medicine
iv. Book of Roger

A. i and ii
B. ii and iii
C. ii and iv
D. iii and iv


##A##

8. Which of the following people spread Christians to China in the 7th century?
A. The Shia
B. The Sunni
C. The Nestorians
D. The Persians

□
##C##

9. Who was the founder of Islam?

A. Allah
B. Angel Gabriel
C. Muawiyah
D. Muhammad

□
##D##

10. Which of the following descriptions about Islam is INCORRECT?

A. The Koran is the holy book of Islam.
B. The followers of Islam are called ‘Muslims’.
C. The twelve primary disciples of Islam were called the ‘Twelve Apostles’.
D. Muhammad was Allah's messenger and prophet.
 □
##C##

11. Where was the Arab Empire founded?

A. Persia
B. North Africa
C The Arabian Peninsula
D. The Iberian Peninsula

□
##C##

12. Which of the following rules is NOT followed by Muslims?

A. They are forbidden to worship idols.
B. They are forbidden to eat pork.
C. They should pray five times a day facing towards Mecca.
D. They should make a pilgrimage to Mecca every year.

□
##D##

13. Which of the following factors contributed to the expansion of the Arab world?
i. The hostile living environment of desert
ii. To reclaim lost territories
iii. To recapture the holy city of Jerusalem
iv. The desire to preach

A. i and iv
B. ii and iii
C. ii and iv
D. iii and iv
 

##A##

14. The basic religious beliefs of Muslims are called ___________.

A. the Six Articles of Faith and the Five Pillars of Islam
B. the rules of Muhammad
C. the instructions of Allah
D. the teachings of caliphs

□
##A##

15. Muslims are mainly divided into ___________ and the Sunni.
A. the Shia
B. the Christians
C. the Nestorians
D. the Protestants

□
##A##

16. ‘Muslims’ is an Arabic word meaning ____________.

A. those who have submitted to Allah
B. those who have submitted to Muhammad
C. those who have submitted to Angel Gabriel
D. those who have submitted to the Koran

□
##A##
17. Which of the following is NOT an achievement in geography by Islamic scholars?
A. They invented the lateen sail.
B. They showed the coastlines of Africa and India on maps.
C. They improved navigational tools like the compass and astrolabe.
D. They started the 'Voyages of Discovery'.


##D##

18. Which of the following are unique architectural features of Islamic architecture?
i. Domes
ii. Arches
iii. Minarets
iv. Arabesques

A. iv
B. i and ii
C. iii and iv
D. All of the above


##C##

19. Which of the following descriptions about Muslim medical knowledge is

INCORRECT?
A. Muslim medical knowledge spread to Europe after the Crusades.
B. Muslims had better medical knowledge than Europeans in Medieval Times.
C. European scholars translated Muslim medical texts.
D. Europeans did not study Muslim medical knowledge.

□
##D##

20. What is the main element of Arabesque?

A. Human figures
B. Animals
C. Geometric lines
D. Allah

□
##C##

21. Which of the following is one of the Six Articles of Faith of Islam?
i. Belief in predestination
ii. Profession of Faith
iii. Alms
iv. Belief in Allah

A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. i and iv
D. iii and iv


##C##

22. Which of the following is NOT a scientific achievement of Islamic scholars?

A. Suggested methods of tying blood vessels
B. Developed the numeral system of 1-9 and the concept of zero
C. Proposed more theories of trigonometry
D. Invented astrolabe and quadrant


##B##

23. Where did Muhammad first begin preaching?

A. Mecca
B. Medina
C. Jerusalem
D. Constantinople


##A##

24. Which of the following campaign was started by the Christians to recapture Jerusalem
from Muslims?
A. The Arabian War
B. The Mongols War
C. The Crusades
D. The Reconquista

□
##C##

25. When did Christianity spread to China?

A. Qin Dynasty
B. Han Dynasty
C. Tang Dynasty
D. Yuan Dynasty


##C##

Part B - Fill in the Blank

26. Since the 5th century, followers and supporters of the priest ____________________
had spread Christianity through West and Central Asia. They were known as ‘Nestorians’.

##Nestorius##

27. The successor to Allah's prophet is called the __________________. The Muslim
community later elected the first four caliphs by consensus.

##caliph##

28. In AD 635, Nestorian priest __________________ arrived Chang'an in China. This was
the earliest record about the spread of Christianity in China.

##Alopen##

29. Islamic architecture integrates with ______________________ style. ______________

is the representative of Islamic buildings.

##ancient Greco-Roman; Mosque##

30. The _________________ started from China in Asia, and connected the countries in
Europe and Africa. It derived its name from the Chinese silk trade.

##Silk Roads##

31. Muslims who recognized the fourth caliph Ali were called the ‘__________’.

##Shia##

32. During Medieval Times, Islamic scholars started the ‘_______________________’.

They translated and studied the ancient Greco-Roman classics.

##Translation Movement##

33. The ______________ is the holy book of Islam. Muslims must follow the
‘_______________________’.
##Koran; the Six Articles of Faith and the Five Pillars of Islam##

34. In the 11th century, the Italian _________________such as Venice and Genoa
controlled the Mediterranean Sea.

##city-states##

35. In AD 610, the Angel ______________ told Muhammad that ______________ was the
one and only God.

##Gabriel; Allah##

36. Islamic architectural style spread to different places. The Sultan Ahmet Mosque in
Turkey, the __________________ in India and the Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain are
models of Islamic architecture.

##Taj Mahal##

37. Christian countries in Western Europe started the '__________________'. They stopped
the Muslim expansion in Europe and gradually recaptured their lost territories on the
__________________ Peninsula.

##Reconquista; Iberian##

38. In Islam, __________________ is regarded by followers as the messenger and prophet

of Allah.

##Muhammad##

39. __________________ refers to the place of worship for Muslims.

##Mosque##
40. The Christians started the Crusades to recapture _________________, the Holy Land,
from Muslims.

##Jerusalem##

Part C - True or False

41. In the Tang Dynasty, the religion spread by Nestorian missionaries was called ‘Islam’.
________

##F. In the Tang Dynasty, the religion spread by Nestorian missionaries was called
‘Jingjiao’.##

42. Muhammad founded and spread Islam. ________

##T##

43. The Hegira happened in AD 622. ________

##T##

44. Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa gradually rose to prominence with the
development of the Maritime Silk Road and controlled the Mediterranean Sea. ________

##F. Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa gradually rose to prominence with the
development of the Crusades and controlled the Mediterranean Sea.##

45. The Arab Empire was a state in which state and religion were separated. ________

##F. The Arab Empire was a state in which state and religion were united.##
46. The Koran contains many religious rules, such as forbidding the eating of unclean meat.
________

##T##

47. Those Muslims who recognized all elected caliphs were known as the Shia. ________

##F. Those Muslims who recognized all elected caliphs were known as the Sunni.##

48. AD 630 is the first year of the Islamic calendar. ________

##F. AD 622 is the first year of the Islamic calendar.##

49. By the mid-6th century, the Arab Empire extended over Asia, Africa and Europe.
________

##F. By the mid-8th century, the Arab Empire extended over Asia, Africa and Europe.##

50. Before the Crusades, Europe's medical knowledge was far behind that of the Arab
world. ________

##T##

Part D - Matching

51.
Column A Column B
(a) Hijra (i) One who has submitted to Allah
□
(b) Imam (ii) Means 'migration'
□
(c) Caliph (iii) Successor to Allah's messenger
□
(d) Muslim (iv) Leader of the Muslim community
□

##(a)(ii); (b)(iv); (c)(iii); (d)(i)##

52.
Column A Column B
(a) Alopen (i) Regarded as the 'father of secular
□ thought in Western Europe'.
(b) Ibn Rushd (ii) An Islamic expert on medicine and
□ alchemy
(c) Al-Razi (iii) A Nestorian priest
□

##(a)(iii); (b)(i); (c)(ii)##

53.
Column A Column B
(a) Book of Kings (i) European medical classic
□
(b) Book of Roger (ii) Islamic medical classic
□
(c) Book of the Pharmacists (iii) Islamic literary classic
□
(d) Canon of Medicine (iv) Islamic geographical classic
□

##(a)(iii); (b)(iv); (c)(i); (d)(ii)##

54.
 Column A Column B
(a) AD 622 □ (i) Islam spread to Southeast Asia.
(b) AD 623 □ (ii) Muslims controlled the whole Arab
Peninsula.
(c) Mid-7th century □ (iii) Hegira took place.
(d) After 13th century □ (iv) Muhammad died.

##(a)(iii); (b)(iv); (c)(ii); (d)(i)##

55.
Column A Column B
(a) 7th century □ (i) Islam was founded.
(b) Late111th century □ (ii) The Mongols expanded westwards.
(c) 13th century □ (iii) The Voyages of Discovery started.
(d) 15th century □ (iv) The Crusades began.

##(a)(i); (b)(iv); (c)(ii); (d)(iii)##

Part E - Chronological Order

56.
A. China developed the Maritime Silk Road.
B. The Italian city-states controlled the Mediterranean Sea.
C. The Mongol Empire was founded.

Chronological order: ( ) → ( ) → ( )

##(A); (B); (C)##

57.
A. Muslims had controlled the whole Arab Peninsula.
B. The territories of the Arab Empire in Central Asia was conquered by the Mongols.
C. The Reconquista ended.

Chronological order: ( ) → ( ) → ( )

##(A); (B); (C)##

58.
A. Muslims had controlled the whole Arab Peninsula.
B. Islam spread to Southeast Asia.
C. Islam spread to the Iberian Peninsula.

Chronological order: ( ) → ( ) → ( )

##(A); (C); (B)##

59.
A. The Crusades ended.
B. The Reconquista ended.
C. The Golden Age of the Islamic civilization started.

Chronological order: ( ) → ( ) → ( )

##(C); (A); (B)##

60.
A. Start of Medieval Times
B. Founding of Islam
C. Founding of Christianity
Chronological order: ( )→( )→( )

##(C); (A); (B)##

Part F - Mixed-type Question

61. Study the following information about the founding of Islam and answer the questions
that follow. (6 marks)

Incident 1 ____(i)___ became the holy city of Islam.

The Angel ____(ii)____ told Muhammad that Allah was the one and
Incident 2
only God。
Muhammad migrated to ____(iii)___. The flight is known as the
Incident 3
'Hegira'.

(a) Fill in the blanks to finish the above table. (3 marks)

(i) _____________；(ii) _____________；(iii) _____________

(b) Arrange incidents 1-3 into chronological order. (3 marks)

Incident __________ → Incident __________ → Incident __________

##
(a) (i) Mecca；(ii) Gabriel；(iii) Medina (3 marks)
(b) 2; 1; 3 (3 marks)
##

62. Study the following map about the distribution of Muslim population in the early 21st
century and finish the table that follow. (6 marks)
 The Sunni The Shia

Muslim Region _________ on the Region _________ on the

population map map
Sphere of _________ _________
influence
Stance on caliph

##
The Sunni The Shia

Muslim Region A on the map Region B on the map

population
Sphere of Larger Smaller
influence
Stance on caliphs Recognize all elected Did not recognize the first
caliphs three caliphs
##

Part G - Long-answer Question

63. What is the relationship between Mecca and Islam? (5 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

##In early 7th century, Muhammad started to preach Islam in Mecca in the name of Allah's
messenger and prophet. (2 marks) Apart from being the origin of Islam, Mecca is also the
pilgrimage centre and the holy city of Islam. Muslims must face towards Mecca and pray
five times a day. (3 marks))##

64. What were the main astronomical achievements of the Muslims in Medieval Times?
(6 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

##Islamic scholars invented astrolabe and quadrant. The most advanced observatories in
Medieval Times were set in Baghdad. (2 marks) The Muslims determined the time for
worship and the Islamic calendar based on ancient Greek and Persian astronomy, and the
observations on star movements. (2 marks) Many present-day star names and astronomical
terms came from Arabic as well. (2 marks)##

65. What were the main features of Islamic architecture? (6 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

##Islamic architecture integrates with ancient Greco-Roman style. (2 marks) Mosque is the
representative of Islamic buildings, which was characterized by the Greco-Roman domes
and arches, and surrounding minarets. (2 marks) Mosques were decorated with coloured
bricks and arabesque as well. (2 marks)##

66. What cultural achievements did Islamic civilization attain? Explain your answer with
reference to writing and literature. (8 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

##In terms of writing, Arabic was popular in most European, Asian and African areas.
Many words in European and Asian languages originate in Arabic. (2 marks) Today, it is
still a major language used in the Islamic World. The Arabic alphabet is widely used,
second only to the Latin alphabet. (2 marks) Medieval Islamic literature included the
elements of European and Asian history, religions, customs and myths. The Book of Kings
and the One Thousand and One Nights were classics. (3 marks) Many Islamic literary
works have been translated into different languages. They inspired writers of later
generations. (1 mark)##

67. How did the rise and decline of the Arab Empire promote cultural interactions between
Europe and Asia in Medieval Times? (6 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

##The Arab Empire expanded into Central Asia and the Iberian Peninsula in Western
Europe in Medieval Time. (2 marks) Arab Muslims absorbed the more advanced
civilizations of Europe and Asia through conquests. Islam also became widespread. (2
marks) Afterwards, European Christians carried out campaigns to stop the expansion of the
Arab Empire. Their military conflicts with Muslims helped spread the Islamic civilization
and more advanced Asian technologies into Europe. (2 marks)##

Part H - Data-based Question

68. Study the sources below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (7 marks)

Source I: Changes in the territory of the Arab Empire

Source II: Development of the Arab Empire

(a) According to Source I, how did the territory of the Arab Empire change from AD
632-750? (2 marks)
 The territory of the Arab Empire increased / reduced. (Circle the correct answer) (1
mark)
 In AD 750, its territory extended over _____________, _____________ and
_____________. (1 mark)

(b) State the way that the Arab Empire expanded its power with reference to Source II. (1
mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(c) Explain the reasons for the rise of Islam during the 7th and 8th centuries with reference
to the two Sources, and using your own knowledge. (2+2 marks)
 Clues from the Source and own knowledge: ____________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Own knowledge:__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

##
(a)
 increased (1 mark)
 Asia, Europe, Africa (1 mark)
(b) The Arab Empire expanded its power through wars. (1 mark)
(c)
 Clues from the Source and own knowledge: During the 7th and 8th centuries, the Arab
Empire kept expanding through wars (Source I and II). Islam could be spread widely
in Asia, Africa and Europe. (Source I and own knowledge) (2 marks)
 Own knowledge: Peoples not ruled by the Arab Empire converted to Islam owing to
immigration, marriage and trade. (2 marks)
##

69. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★★ (12 marks)

Source I: Description of an academic movement during the Abbasid Dynasty (AD

750-1258)
The Muslim Abbasid Dynasty sponsored the translations of ancient Greek
classics into Arabic. A translator might be paid around 500 golden dinars a
month. It was an astronomical sum at the time. … After the fall of Rome,
the cultural heritage of ancient Greece was gradually lost in western
Europe and almost no Europeans knew how to read Greek. The Abbasid
Dynasty played an important role in the preservation of European
civilization.

(a) Identify the academic movement in Source I. (1 mark)

____________________________________________________________________

(b) What was the role of the Abbasid Dynasty in the academic movement you mentioned in
Question (a) ? Put a ‘✓’ in the appropriate box. Cite ONE clue from the Source to
support your answer. (2 marks)
 Planner
 Competitor
 Fund provider
Clue from the Source: _________________________________________________

(c) How did Muslims in Medieval Times contribute to the preservation and progress of
European civilization? Explain your answer with reference to the Source, and using
your own knowledge. (5+4 marks)
 Preservation of European civilization: _____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
 Progress of European civilization: ________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

##
(a) The Translation Movement (1 mark)
(b)
 Fund provider (1 mark)
Clue from the Source: The Muslim Abbasid Dynasty sponsored the translations of ancient
Greek classics into Arabic. (1 mark)
(c)
 Preservation of European civilization: The Muslim Abbasid Dynasty sponsored the
translations of ancient Greek classics into Arabic. After the fall of Rome, the cultural
heritage of ancient Greece was gradually lost in western Europe and almost no
Europeans knew how to read Greek. (Source I) (2 marks) The Translation Movement
succeeded to translate the works of ancient Greek scholars into Arabic. This helped
preserve the ancient Greek civilization which had declined in Western Europe. (Own
knowledge) (3 marks)
 Progress of European civilization: Muslims in Medieval Times developed a more
advanced civilization than Europeans. Their medical and geographical knowledge
spread to Europe and widened the horizons of Europeans. This helped foster the
development of European civilization. (Own knowledge) (4 marks)
##

70. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★★ (10 marks)

Source I: Description of Baghdad in the 8th century

Influenced by the Islamic saying ‘the ink of the scholar is more sacred than the
blood of the martyr (殉道者), Arab Muslims established the ‘House of Wisdom’
in Baghdad to gather scholars from different places. They carried out a lot of
academic research, and translated Eastern and Western texts into Arabic. ...
Baghdad became a cultural exchange centre in the Islamic world as well as the
globe.
(a) According to your understanding, what is the meaning of ‘the ink of the scholar is more
sacred than the blood of the martyr’? Put a ‘✓’ in the appropriate box. (1 mark)
  Muslims did not value academic research and believed that Islamic scholars
should be martyred.
 Muslims valued academic research but regarded that Islamic scholars made less
contribution than martyrs.
 Muslims valued academic research and believed that the contribution of Islamic
scholars was more important than martyrs'.

(b) According to Source I, how did the ‘House of Wisdom’ promote cultural exchange
between Europe and Asia? (2 marks)
 Clues from the Source: ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

(c) Why could Muslims develop the magnificent 'Islamic civilization'? Explain your answer
with reference to the Source, and using your own knowledge. (3+4 marks)
 Clues from the Source: _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

##
(a)  Muslims valued academic research and believed that the contribution of
Islamic scholars was more important than martyrs'. (1 mark)
(b) Clues from the Source: The ‘House of Wisdom’ gathered scholars from different
places. They carried out a lot of academic research, and translated Eastern and
Western texts into Arabic. All these promoted cultural exchange between Europe and
Asia. (2 marks)
(c)
 Clues from the Source: Influenced by the Islamic saying ‘the ink of the scholar is more
sacred than the blood of the martyr’, Arab Muslims established the ‘House of Wisdom’
in Baghdad to gather scholars from different places. Baghdad became a cultural
exchange centre in the Islamic world as well as the globe. (3 marks)
 Own knowledge: After absorbing European (ancient Greco-Roman) and Asian
(Persian, India and Chinese) civilizations through conquest and trade, Muslims
eventually developed their unique civilization and made remarkable achievements in
culture, art and science. (4 marks) As a result, the magnificent Islamic civilization was
created.
##

71. Study the sources below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (10 marks)

Source I: A statement made by a Muslim during a religious activity

‘I declare that no other god should be worshipped but Allah. I also declare that
Person A is the servant and messenger of Allah. …’

Source II: Description of Islam

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims would perform fasting. They would pray
and repent to Allah by sitting still and reciting the Koran during fasting. …
Before reading the Koran, Muslims must clean their bodies with water. This
ritual is also known as ‘ablution’.

(a) Who is Person A in Source I? (1 mark)

Person A is __________________.

(b) According to Source II, what ritual must Muslims perform before reading the Koran?
(2 marks)
Muslims must perform _________________ before reading the Koran, which they
___________________________________________________________.

(c) How do Sources I and II reflect the ways Muslims strengthen their faith respectively?
Explain your answer with reference to the two Sources, and using your own
knowledge. (3+4 marks)
Source I: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Source II: ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

##
(a) Muhammad (1 mark)
(b) ablution (1 mark); clean their bodies with water (1 mark)
(c) Source I:
 Muslims would perform the profession of faith (Own knowledge) (1 mark);
 They declare the belief that Allah is their one and only god, and that Muhammad
is the servant and messenger of Allah. (Source I and own knowledge) (2 marks).
Source II:
 Muslims would perform fasting (Own knowledge) (1 mark);
 They perform fasting during the month of Ramadan, which they do not eat or
drink from dawn to sunset every day, aiming to purify their mind. They would also
pray and repent to Allah by sitting still and reciting the Koran during fasting.
(Source II and own knowledge) (3 marks)
##

72. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (7 marks)

Source I: A painting showing Muhammad’s followers in Mecca in AD 630

(a) According to Source I, what were Muhammad’s followers doing in Mecca? (1 mark)
They were _______________________________________________________

(b) What were the conflicts between the Meccans and Muhammad’s followers? Explain
your answer with reference to the Source, and using your own knowledge. (4+2 marks)
• Clues from the Source: _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
• Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

##
(a) removing the idols from the Kaaba. (1 mark)
(b)
 Clues from the Source: They had conflicts over religion. The Meccans worshipped
many gods while Muhammad’s followers believed that Allah was the one and only
God. (3 marks) Muhammad’s followers destroyed Mecca’s idols. This behavior also
caused conflicts. (1 mark)
 Own knowledge: The Meccans and Muhammad’s followers also had conflicts of
economic interests. The Meccans thought that the belief in one god would decrease
revenues from the pilgrims. (2 marks)
##

73. Study the sources below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★★ (10 marks)

Source I: Description of Arab Muslims

Arab Muslims possessed talents in commerce and navigation. They played a

significant role in the Maritime Silk Road, promoting trade between Europe and
Asia. … Arab Muslim merchants brought Asian goods such as silk and spices to
various parts of Europe, and introduced European crafts like jewels and glassware
to Asian countries.

Source II: Description of maritime trade in the medieval period

Quanzhou and Guangzhou are coastal cities. They were among the earliest places
in China to be opened to the outside world, accumulating a wealth of experience in
international trade and cultural exchange. Arab Muslims travelled to these two
cities for business and came into contact with the locals. Islam began to spread in
China.

(d) According to Source I, which trade route did Arab Muslims use to conduct trade
between Europe and Asia? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) According to Source II, what favourable conditions did Quanzhou and Guangzhou
have that attracted Arab Muslims to do business there? (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(f) How did Muslim merchants promote Asian-European cultural exchange through trade
during Medieval times? Explain your answer with reference to Sources I and II, and
using your own knowledge. (6 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

##
(d) The Maritime Silk Road. (1 mark)
(e) Quanzhou and Guangzhou are coastal cities. They were among the earliest places in
China to be opened to the outside world, accumulating a wealth of experience in
international trade and cultural exchange. (3 marks)
(f) Through the Maritime Silk Road, Arab Muslim merchants brought Asian goods such as
silk and spices to various parts of Europe, and introduced European crafts like jewels
and glassware to Asian countries. (Source I) (3 marks)
Arab Muslims travelled to Quanzhou and Guangzhou for business. They came into
contact with the locals and spread Islam. (Source II) (1 mark)
Arabic was promoted by the expansion of Arabian merchanting trade. It became an
important language for European and Asian traders. (Own knowledge) (2 marks)
##

74. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (7 marks)

Source I: A statement made by a Muslim in AD 630

I am determined to be a Muslim. I believe He is the one and only God. I
will follow the rules listed in the Koran. From today on, I will no longer
consume unclean food such as pork, blood, carrion and animals that are
not slaughtered properly.
(a) Identify ‘He’ in Source I. (1 mark)
‘He’ refers to______________.

(b) Why does the Muslim in the Source no longer consume pork? (1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________

(c) What are the features of Islam? Explain your answer in terms of the object of worship,
the religious book and the place of worship with reference to the Source, and using your
own knowledge. (5 marks)
• Object of worship:
Clue from the Source: _______________________________________________
Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________

• The religious book:

Clue from the Source: _______________________________________________
Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________

• The place of worship:

Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________

##
(a) Allah (1 mark)
(b) It is because he has to follow the rules listed in the Koran. (1 mark)
(c)
• Object of worship:
Clue from the Source: Islam believes in one god only. (1 mark)
Own knowledge: Islam believes that Allah is the one and only God. (1 mark)
• The religious book:
Clue from the Source: The Koran lists the rules that Muslims must follow. (1 mark)
Own knowledge: The Koran is the holy book of Islam. (1 mark)
• The place of worship:
Own knowledge: Mosque is the place of worship for Muslims. (1 mark)
##

75. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (6 marks)
Source I: Description of Mohammed preaching his religion in Mecca
By AD 613, Mohammed had begun to preach publicly in Mecca, but he
was met with some hostility. Many Meccans believed his ideas would
lead to the neglect of traditional Arab gods. They also feared that Mecca
would lose its position as a pilgrimage centre if people accepted
Mohammed’s monotheistic belief (the belief in one god).

(a) According to your own knowledge, what religion did Mohammed preach? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain the difference between the religion you mentioned in Question (a) and
traditional Arab religion with reference to the Source. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

(c) What difficulties did Mohammed face when he preached in Mecca during AD 613-622?
Explain your answer with reference to the Source, and using your own knowledge.
(1+2 marks)
• Clue from the Source: _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
• Own knowledge: ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

##
(a) Islam. (1 mark)
(b) Islam believed in one god while traditional Arab religion believed in many gods. (2
marks)
(c)
• Clue from the Source: Some were hostile towards Mohammed’s preaching activities. (1
mark)
• Own knowledge: Priests, nobles and merchants in Mecca joined together against
Mohammed. They forced Mohammed to flee from Mecca in AD 622. (2 marks)
##

76. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (8 marks)
Source I: Description of Arabesques

Many Arabesques are formed from flowers,

leaves, and branches, characterized by detailed
curves and repetitive patterns. These designs
symbolize infinity and reflect the eternal beauty
that glorifies Allah. … They are commonly seen
in calligraphy and carpets, and they also appear
on the walls of mosques and palaces. At times,
they even blend with architectural styles from
ancient Greece and Rome.

(a) As reflected in Source I, which of the following inspired Arabesques? Put a ‘✓’ in the
appropriate box. (1 mark)
☐ Plants
☐ Stars
☐ Animals

(b) According to Source I, what was the relationship between Arabesques and Islam? (2
marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(c) ‘Islamic architectural styles are unique and popular around the world.’ Explain this
statement with reference to Source I and using your own knowledge. (5 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

##
(a) 🗹 Plants. (1 mark)
(b) The designs of Arabesques symbolize infinity. Muslims believe that the eternal beauty
of such patterns can glorify Allah. (2 marks)
(c) Islamic architectural styles are unique:
Arabesques appear on the walls of mosques and palaces. At times, they even blend
with architectural styles from ancient Greece and Rome. (Source I) (2 marks)
Islamic architecture integrates with the ancient Greco-Roman style. Mosques are
representative of Islamic buildings, which are characterized by the Greco-Roman
domes and arches and surrounding minarets. (Own knowledge) (2 marks)
Islamic architectural styles are popular around the world:
The Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain, the Sultan Ahmet Mosque in Turkey and the
Taj Mahal in India are models of Islamic architecture. (Own knowledge) (1 mark)
##

77. Study the source below and answer the questions that follow.
Difficulty: ★☆ (8 marks)

Source I: Information about four modern Asian-African countries

Country

Turkey Pakistan
Muslim percentage
of the total 99.8% 96.4%
population

Country

Algeria Tunisia
Muslim percentage
of the total 99% 99.1%
population

(a) What are the similarities between the national flags of these four countries? (1 mark)
They all have images of ________________________ with a star.
(b) State the main religion of these countries with ONE clue from the Source. (2 marks)
 The main religion of these countries: _________________________________
 Clue from the Source: _____________________________________________

(c) What is the relationship between the main religion of the four countries and the
similarity of their national flags you mentioned in Question (a)? Explain your answer
with reference to the Source, and using your own knowledge. (2+3 marks)
 Clues from the Source: _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 Own knowledge: __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

##
(a) the crescent moon (1 mark)
(b)
 The main religion of these countries: Islam (1 mark)
 Clue from the Source: Over 90% of the total population in these countries are Muslims.
(1 mark)
(c)
 Clues from the Source: The main religion of these four countries is Islam. There are
signs of the crescent moon with a star on their national flags. (2 marks)
 Own knowledge: The crescent moon is the symbol of Islam. Muslims follow the
Islamic calendar in performance of religious rituals. The first day of each month in the
Islamic calendar is the day of the first sighting of the crescent moon. Therefore, the
symbol of the crescent moon can always be seen on the national flags of Islamic
countries. (3 marks)
##