INSTITUTE OF RURAL EDUCATION

– IRE
College of Teacher Education
Wangjing, Thoubal District, Manipur-795148

SEMINAR FOR PE-03 ( TEACHING AND LEARNING)

Unit:-2 Group No:9
TOPIC: CARL ROGER’S OF HUMANISTIC APPROACH
Submitted to:-Miss Jocyline Submitted by:-
B.Ed 1st Semester
1.Ningthoujam Preety chanu-81
2.Mainam Analika devi-82
3 Elangbam Sarju devi-83
4.Sarangthem Pratima devi-84
5.Longjam Amarjit singh-85
6.Sinam Priyanka devi-86
7.Elangbam Ambika devi-87
8.kshetrimayum Padama devi-88
 9.Okram Radharani devi-89
10.Sorokhaibam Bidyapati dev

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRINCIPLES
3. CHARACTERISTICS
4. RELEVANCE AND APPLICABILITY OF HUMANISTICS APPROACH
5. ROLE OF LEARNERS
6. ROLE OF TEACHERS
7. IMPLICATION
8. LIMITATION
9. CONCLUSION
 TOPIC - Carl Roger’s of Humanistic Approach

INTRODUCTION
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was an American psychologist, founds of humanistic
psychology. According to Carl Rogers theory learning in an individual takes place
through his interactions with the environment. Personality of a person revolve
around the self – concept which were made by
 Childhood experience
 Evaluation by others.
Self-concept means the organised consistent sets of perceptions and beliefs about
self. In his self-concept subsume three components : self worth, self -image and
ideal self.
1. Self -worth:
Self -worth(or self – esteem) comprises what we think about ourselves.
Rogers believed feelings of self- worth developed in early childhood and
were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and
father.
2. Self-image:
Self -image includes the influence of our body image on inner
personality. It was affects how a person thinks, feel and behaves in the
world.
3. Ideal- self:
It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic- i.e., forever
changing. The ideal self in childhood is not the ideal self in our teens or
late twenties etc.
For the healthy growth of the personality of an individual he needs an
environment which gives him
 Geniuses
 Positive Regards
 Empathy
These three factors decides outs self actualization. For achieving self actualization
a person must be in equilibrium with his ideal self and self image.

PRINCIPLES

Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, has influenced educational thought and practice to a
great extent. He advocated an educational approach that tries to make learning and teaching
more humanistic and thus more personal and meaningful. He has given certain important
humanistic learning principles, which are central to his educational philosophy. These
principles are briefly discussed here.
 Desire to learn: One of the foremost beliefs of Rogers is that humans have a natural
desire to learn. You must have watched children's curiosity and eagerness to explore
their environment, to ask questions, and to seek solutions. This inherent eagerness to
learn is a basic assumption in humanistic education. In a humanistic classroom,
therefore, children should be given freedom to satisfy their curiosity to pursue their
interests, and to discover for themselves what is important and meaningful about the
world around them. Rogerians have therefore advocated a child-centred approach to
education.
 Learning should be meaningful to students: The second principles that Rogers
emphasized is that significant or meaningful learning occurs when students perceive it
as relevant to their own needs and purposes. Students learn best and most rapidly
when they perceive learning as personally significant. Think of a student who quickly
learns to operate a computer in order to enjoy a favourite game. Learning, according to
humanistic psychologist, is purposeful and certainly motivated by the need to know.
 Learning without Threat: The third principle propounded by Rogers is that learning is
best acquired and retained in an environment free from threat. The process of learning
is enhanced when students can test their abilities; try new experiences, or even make
mistakes without the sting of criticism or ridicule.

 Self-Initiated Learning: learning is most significant and lasting when it

is self- initiated and when it involves both the feelings and the mind of
the learner. If the child is allowed self -direction, the learning becomes
highly motivating and gives the student an opportunity to learn how to
learn. When students learn on their own, they have an opportunity to
make judgements, choices and evaluations.
In addition to being self – initiated, learning should involve aspects of the person-cognitive as
well as effective. The humanists call this type of learning (i.e. learning from the ‘gut', rather
than just from the neck up) as whole person learning. Such a student will feel more personally
involved in learning, more eager, more excited over accomplishments, and more motivated to
continue learning.

Rogers identified five characteristics of fully functioning person

1. Open to experience:
Both positive and negative emotions accepted. Negative feelings are not
devised , but work through ( rather than resorting to ego defense
mechanisms.

2. Existential living:
In touch with different experiences as they occurs in life, avoiding
Prejudging and preconceptions. Being able to live and fully appreciate the
present, not always looking back to the past or forward to the future ( i.e.
living for the moment).

3. Trust feeling:
Feeling, instincts and gut -reactions are paid attention to and trusted.
People’s own decisions are the right ones, and we should trust ourselves to
make the right choice.

4. Creativity:
Creative thinking and risk-taking are features of a person’s life. A person
does not play safe all the time. This involves the ability to adjust and change
and seek new experiences.

5. Fulfilled life:
 A person is happy and satisfied with life and always looking for new
challenges and experiences. For Rogers, fully functioning people are well
adjusted, well balanced and interesting to know. Often such people are
high achieves in society.

Relevance and applicability of Humanistic Approach

Activities:
 Told students to evaluate their own answerpaper and enter the
scores secretly.
 Than followed by evaluation of the same answer paper by their
adjacent friend
 Than handed the score to teacher
 Finally evaluated by the teacher
 Comparison of the self-evaluation, peer(friend) -evaluation and
teacher evaluation
 A huge different between each evaluation i.e. each given almost
maximum on their own paper and scores given by friend was less
than their own evaluation. The teacher is must lower.
 Thus understood about the objective valuation& the real meaning of
scoring.
 Activity repeated based on their demand
 Thus students learn not only how to evaluate scientifically& critically
but also the exact meaning of scoring mark
 Finally comparison of the evaluation of the 3 category approximately
same after many exposures.

The Humanistic psychologist argue that objective reality is less important than
a person’s subjective perception &understanding of the world.
Sometimes the humanistic approach is called phenomenological. This means that
personality is studied from the point of view of the individuals subjective
experience for Rogers the focus of psychology is how individuals perceive and
interpersonal events. He redirected psychology towards the study of the self.
Salient features of humanism:

1. Psychologically emphasizes the study of whole person (holism) in

individual case (idiographic) rather than the average performance of grout
(nomothetic)

2. Humans have free will ; not all behaviour is determined

3. All individuals are unique and are motivate to achieve their highest
potential by self -actualisation i.e. responsible for their own well- being.

4. Humanism Education is individual centred, empathy. Caring, gentleness

on the part of the learning, facilitator was found to be the key trails.

5. Teacher’s role model. They one to provide a reason, motivation,

generate learning skills for each task.

Role of Learner:

According to Roger’s learning is facilitated when:

1. The student participates completely in the learning process and has control
over its nature and directions.
2. It is primarily based upon direct confrontation with practical, social,
personal or research problems and
3. Self- evaluation is the principle method of assessing or success.
4. The role of the student is to explore and observed student can use self-
evaluation technique to monitor and observe their own behaviours and
make necessary changes.
 5. Students also need to take responsibility for their own learning and keep
their goals realistic.
6. The most socially useful learning in the modern world is the learning of the
process of learning, a continuing openness to experience and to
incorporate into oneself the process of changes.
7. Every student is unique and will have his/ her own pace of learning. Hence
adopting self-learning technique will be more advantageous.
8. Instead of punishing the child for the mistakes committed, give good
opportunities for further learning with meticulous planning. This makes the
child feel motivated and better if the child and teacher both sits together
and plan for the future. By this children their freedom with self-discipline
and responsibilities.
9. Encourage the students to compare their performance with their own
earliest achievement and not to compare with others performances.

Place and Role of Teacher:

The humanistic approach recognizes the teacher as a guide, friend and helper of
the students in their learning. The teacher is considered as the milestone in the
journey of total development of the child. Humanistic approach is a democratic
approach, which recognizes ‘child’ and advocates the providing of a rich
environment with a view to have his all round development. Besides, there are
some more strong points in favor of his approach to learning:

Teachers should thoroughly understand their subjects matter and make wise use
of research-demonstrated principles of motivational learning. They must
understand themselves as important teaching aids.
-Teachers should keep in mind that students bring their total selves to class. They
bring heads that think and feel. They bring values that help in them to selectively
filter what they see and hear. They bring unique learning styles among the
students.
-Teachers must know that students may be different in learning experiences.
- To encourage the students to think and get involved in abstract discussions.
-A series of question should be discussion should be started actively or a passively
in the classroom. So that students may be give suggestions freely and run the
classroom democratically.
-Teachers should help the students to decide for themselves who they are and
what they want to be. The students can decide for themselves.
-Teachers should understand the student’s point of view. The attempt is to see
the world as the student sees it, accept it as truth for him and not to force into
changing.
- Good teaching is best done through a process of helping students explore and
understand the personal meanings.

Educational implications of the Humanistic Approach:

1. Place of the child in teaching learning:
This approach believes in ‘child-cantered-education”. It emphasizes on reach,
touch and teaches the child accordingly to his nature, interest, aptitude etc. The
teacher should asses a student’s attitude, aptitude, potentialities, abilities, level of
aspiration, his social, emotional, intellectual, physical, aesthetic development and
mental health and should plan his teaching activities.

2. Emphasis on Individuality:
According to this approach a human being is a wonderful creation. He has his
own individuality, which should be respected and developed through education.
Individual differences should be respected and internal virtues of individual be
developed.
3. Understanding the child:
According to the humanistic approach. We should know our students: their
interest, personality, capabilities and background environment and use teaching
methods and content accordingly. The important humanistic principles of
education given by this approach are “first understand the child and then teach
him”.
4. Methods of Teaching:
In this approach the methods of teaching are developed based on
psychological principles. Learner’s readiness, mental set and motivation are
considered as basis for deciding the method of teaching to be used.
5. Discipline:
This approach emphasizes on self- discipline and self- control.
6. The teacher is willing to reveal his own personal feelings, attitude, opinions and
experiences for the benefit of the students.
7. The teacher role is that of facilitator of any academic situation and dictator of
the student’s participation and performances.
8. The learner is aware of the process of learning of any subjects or topic.
9. Self-criticism and self-evaluation of the children while learning lead to
creativity.
10. Rogers emphasized that the quality of interpersonal relationships maintained
are of prime importance to have directions for their full functioning.

Limitations of Humanistic Approach:

1. It seems like too much common-sense and too little like science.
2. It makes hard to identify humanists and non-humanists.
3. It totally depends upon the thinking of one’s individual not others.
4. It does not believe in passive listening.
5. It is based upon a native type of phenomenology only.
6. It is impossible to recognize an authentic person or an authentic act.
7. It is difficult in verifying conceptual conclusions.
8. It is known as an open rather than a closed system of education.
9. It is difficult to define simple religious optimism or emphasizing the power of
positive thinking.
10. It is difficult to accumulate objectively verified knowledge.

Conclusion:
Rogers distinguished two types of learning
a. Cognitive b .Experiential
The former corresponds to academic knowledge such as learning, vocabulary or
multiplication tables and the letters refers to applied knowledge such as learning
about engines in order to repair a car. They key to the distinction is that
experiential learning: personal involvement, self initiated, evaluated by learner,
and pervasive effects on learner.
To Rogers, experiential learning is equivalent to personal change and growth.
Rogers feels that all human beings have a natural propensity to learn, the role of
the teacher is to facilitate such learning,
these includes:
- Setting a positive climate for learning.
- Clarifying the purposes of the learners.
- Organizing and making available learning resources.
- Balancing intellectual and emotional components of learning and
- Sharing feelings and thoughts with learners but not dominating.
- The student participates completely in the learning process and has control.
Over its nature and direction.
- It is primarily based upon direct confrontation with practical, social,
personal or research problems and
- Self-evaluation is the principle method of assessing progress or success.
Rogers also emphasize the importance of learning to learn and an openness
to change.

Examples – A person interested in becoming such might seek out looks or

classes on economics, investment, great financiers banking etc. such an
individual would perceive (and learn) any information provided on this
subject in a much different fashion than a person who is assigned a reading
or class.